Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A syndrome of subacute respiratory distress, severe metabolic bone disease affecting the thoracic cage, and mild cholestasis occurred in 4 small preterm infants during the first three months of life and was associated with considerable morbidity. The early radiological features in the chest resembled thos of the Mikity-Wilson syndrome, with which the disorder may be confused. After spontaneous improvement in hepatic function 3 of the infants fully recovered. The fourth died of paralytic ileus. Various nutritional and absorptive abnormalities probably contribute to the pathogenesis of the bone disorder in this syndrome. The best prophylaxis might be to supplement the diet with 25-hydroxyvitamin D rather than native vitamin D.
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PMID:Rachitic respiratory distress in small preterm infants. 86 Aug 72

A special metabolic cage system was employed to measure the intestinal, renal, and mammary gland fluxes of Ca, P, and Mg in vitamin D-deficient rats during late pregnancy and lactation. Dietary Ca, P, and Mg levels were 0.78, 0.34, and 0.083%, respectively; this diet minimizes the reduction in milk production observed during vitamin D deficiency. Compared with identically treated virgin rats, lactating rats were slightly hypocalcemic and severely hypophosphatemic. Hypertrophy of the small intestine, as indicated by increased intestinal length and villus height, occurred during lactation. Net fractional intestinal absorption of Ca and P, but not Mg, was elevated twofold during late pregnancy and throughout lactation. Despite this elevated intestinal absorption, lactating rats were in negative Ca and P balance and lost bone mass. The transfer rates of Ca, P, and Mg into milk were approximately 77% of values previously observed in vitamin D-replete rats. Lactating rats conserved P by dramatically reducing renal P excretion. Pup retention of ingested Ca was virtually complete. These results, together with previous observations using everted duodenal gut sacs, indicate that there is a vitamin D-independent stimulation of intestinal Ca and P absorption during pregnancy and lactation. Because fractional Mg absorption was not similarly enhanced, this stimulation shows some specificity.
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PMID:Vitamin D-independent intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption during reproduction. 222 Oct 74

1. Rats were fed various diets ranging from the normal chow, pure flour containing large amounts of phytic acid, Ca-enriched flour and mixtures of flour and normal food with various levels of calcium. 2. It was found that the animals eating the pure flour grew less and were smaller. 3. They suffered from hypocalcemia and had low plasma alkaline phosphatase and 25-HCC-vitamin D3 levels. 4. These animals had rib-cage deformities. 5. Additional calcium in the flour improved the animals' growth and calcification. 6. The mixed food did not greatly affect the animals and additional calcium did not improve growth or bone mineralisation. 7. The Bedouin eat large amounts of unleavened bread containing large amounts of phytates. 8. It is concluded that uptake of large amounts of phytates by the Bedouin eating unleavened bread is due to the flour and that the clinical manifestations are a direct result of the flour and not the lack of vitamin D due to covering the skin from sunlight.
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PMID:Growth and bone mineralisation as affected by dietary calcium, phytic acid and vitamin D. 612 64

The geographical origin of many exotic animals are areas with intensive solar radiation. When brought into European zoological gardens, they might suffer under a deficiency of UV-radiation, especially in industrial areas with an high level of air pollution. 100 zoological gardens in middle and northern Europe were asked for information, whether artificial UV-sources are used in keeping animals or not; 57% answered: in 60% of the cases artificial UV-sources are used, in 40% not. The result of using artificial UV-sources in keeping reptiles will be published soon. This publication shows the use of artificial UV-sources for mammalians, with attention to Old World nonhuman primates and especially to New World nonhuman primates: this species cannot utilize vitamin D2 and so requires D3. Additionally to an adequate nutritional diet, the exposition is done whether as therapeutical treatment of metabolic bone diseases, or e.g. to rise the vitality and the fitness. The lamp type and the chosen exposure dates are very different; mostly chosen with one's own judgement. To assess the safe dose, having positive effects, i.g. the vitamin D-synthesis and avoiding any (skin-)damaging, the knowledge of many facts is requested: the comparison of the climatic conditions, albedo, the behaviour of the animals in sun, the conditions of keeping in zoo (cage/outdoor enclosure), influence on the appearance of the animals haircoat and skin (transmission rate for UV-radiation, pigmentation of skin a.o.) and the relation between dose and biological effect. Additionally the spectral distribution and the irradiance of artificial UV-sources has to be known. Further experimental work is necessary.
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PMID:[Result of a European-wide inquiry about the use of artificial UV radiation sources in zoo animal husbandry with special regard to the mammals (Primates/Simiae/monkeys)]. 757 89

Hypercalcemia represents one of the important paraneoplastic syndromes affecting morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. We and others have demonstrated that vitamin D analogs with little calcemic activities suppress the transcription of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) gene, a major humor responsible for cancer hypercalcemia, and thereby prevent the development of hypercalcemic syndrome. The present study was undertaken: to compare the therapeutic efficacy of a vitamin D analog, 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (OCT), and a bisphosphonate (disodium 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate pentahydrate [AHPrBP]), an inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption, on cancer-induced hypercalcemia; and to see if the effect could be enhanced by combination treatment, using a nude mouse model implanted with a human pancreas carcinoma (FA-6). After a single intravenous administration, OCT (5 microg/kg of body weight [BW]) was as effective as AHPrBP (10 mg/kg of BW) in lowering blood ionized calcium levels in tumor-bearing nude mice, and their combination further enhanced the therapeutic effect. Although AHPrBP lost its efficacy after repeated injections, OCT was still effective after the third administration. The therapeutic effect of OCT in cancer hypercalcemia was observed in four other human tumors, including another pancreas carcinoma (PAN-7), two squamous cell carcinomas of the lung (KCC-C1 and LC-6), and a squamous carcinoma of the pharynx (PHA-1), all of which elaborated PTHrP into the circulation. Treatment with OCT resulted in a decrease in circulating PTHrP levels by approximately 50% in two representative models. However, the mechanism underlying the antihypercalcemic effect of OCT seemed complex, involving inhibition of PTHrP production, suppression of excessive bone resorption, and an antitumor activity. OCT also markedly inhibited the body weight loss with tumor growth, while AHPrBP, which exhibited a similar antihypercalcemic effect, was less effective than OCT in preventing cachexia. The anticachectic activity of their combination did not exceed that of OCT alone, suggesting a hypercalcemia-dependent as well as an independent mechanism of cancer cachexia. It is concluded that OCT may be useful, either as a single agent or in combination with bisphosphonates, for the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia and cachexia.
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PMID:Effect of combination treatment with a vitamin D analog (OCT) and a bisphosphonate (AHPrBP) in a nude mouse model of cancer-associated hypercalcemia. 973 9

Cage layer fatigue was first noticed after laying hens began to be housed in cages in the mid-20th century. Hens producing eggs at a high rate were most susceptible to the disease. Early research revealed that cage layer fatigue was associated with osteoporosis and bone brittleness. Severe osteoporosis leads to spontaneous bone fractures commonly in the costochondral junctions of the ribs, the keel, and the thoracic vertebrae. Vertebral fracture may damage the spinal cord and cause paralysis. Osteoporosis appears to be inevitable in highly productive caged laying hens. The condition can be made worse by metabolic deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D. Hens in housing systems that promote physical activity tend to have less osteoporosis and rarely manifest cage layer fatigue. Genetic selection may produce laying hens that are less prone to bone weakness. The welfare implications of osteoporosis stem from pain, debility, and mortality associated with bone fracture. The chicken has well-developed neural and psychological systems specialized to respond to pain associated with trauma and inflammation. Although studies on the chicken have not focused on pain due to bone fracture, physiological and behavioral similarities to other species allow inference that a hen experiences both acute and chronic pain from bone fracture. There is little information on osteoporosis in commercial caged layer flocks, however, evidence suggests that it may be widespread and severe. If true, most caged laying hens suffer osteoporosis-related bone fracture during the first laying cycle. Osteoporosis also makes bone breakage a serious problem during catching and transport of hens prior to slaughter. Estimates of mortality due to osteoporosis in commercial caged layer flocks are few, but range up to a third of total mortality. Many of these deaths would be lingering and attended by emaciation and possibly pain. Osteoporosis-related bone breakage during processing has reduced the marketability of spent caged laying hens, contributing to the need to develop humane on-farm killing methods to support alternative means of spent hen disposition. Overall, the evidence indicates that cage layer osteoporosis is a serious animal welfare problem. A determined effort must be made to make the laying hen no longer susceptible to the harmful effects of excessive bone loss.
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PMID:Welfare implications of avian osteoporosis. 1497 68

Over 23 months, zinc toxicosis was diagnosed in 35 baboons aged 5-12 months in one galvanized metal and concrete cage complex with conditions that led to excessive exposure to environmental zinc. Clinical signs included reduced pigmentation of hair, skin, and mucous membranes (whiteness), alopecia, dehydration, emaciation, cachexia, dermatitis, diarrhea and, in six cases, severe gangrenous dermatitis of extremities. The syndrome was characterized by pancytopenia, elevated zinc and low copper serum concentrations, low vitamin D and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels, and atypical myelomonocytic proliferation of bone marrow. This syndrome emphasizes the importance of proper husbandry and cage design and indicates the potential of infant baboons as a model to study the effects of excessive zinc on development. This is the first report describing the epidemiologic and clinical presentation of zinc toxicosis in infant baboons in captivity.
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PMID:White monkey syndrome in infant baboons (Papio species). 1527 Oct 69

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation (285-320 nm) is considered important for metabolic processes and reproduction in many reptile species by facilitating the synthesis of vitamin D(3). In captivity, UVB radiation reaching an animal may be diminished by the properties of the materials used in enclosure construction. We investigated the UVB-attenuating properties of 14 materials commonly used in cage tops for reptile enclosures. Irradiances were measured by two types of hand-held broadband radiometers and the D(3)-synthesizing potential was assessed by the use of an in vitro model. For UV-transmitting acrylic, a significant discrepancy between meter irradiances and in vitro model values for D(3)-synthesizing ability was observed, with meter readings underestimating the blocking effect. In contrast, attenuation of UVB irradiances by air-permeable materials, such as wire screen, measured with meters was generally comparable to the attenuation of D(3)-synthesizing ability as measured by in vitro models. Relatively simple meter readings can therefore be used to reflect reduction of D(3)-synthesizing ability through air-permeable materials. Zoo Biol 26:417-423, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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PMID:Evaluation of UVB reduction by materials commonly used in reptile husbandry. 1936 May 90

Initially thought to play a restricted role in calcium homeostasis, the pleiotropic actions of vitamin D in biology and their clinical significance are only now becoming apparent. However, the mode of action of vitamin D, through its cognate nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), and its contribution to diverse disorders, remain poorly understood. We determined VDR binding throughout the human genome using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq). After calcitriol stimulation, we identified 2776 genomic positions occupied by the VDR and 229 genes with significant changes in expression in response to vitamin D. VDR binding sites were significantly enriched near autoimmune and cancer associated genes identified from genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Notable genes with VDR binding included IRF8, associated with MS, and PTPN2 associated with Crohn's disease and T1D. Furthermore, a number of single nucleotide polymorphism associations from GWA were located directly within VDR binding intervals, for example, rs13385731 associated with SLE and rs947474 associated with T1D. We also observed significant enrichment of VDR intervals within regions of positive selection among individuals of Asian and European descent. ChIP-seq determination of transcription factor binding, in combination with GWA data, provides a powerful approach to further understanding the molecular bases of complex diseases.
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PMID:A ChIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: associations with disease and evolution. 2073 30

In the course of cancer disease, many oncological patients develop tumor-associated malnutrition characterized by an insufficient supply of macro- and micronutrients. The inadequate nutritional status and the cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome related to it are clinically relevant, as the response to antineoplastic measures, such as radiation and chemotherapy, is diminished, their side effects aggravated and the patient's quality of life and prognosis negatively affected. Therefore, the supportive nutrition care of oncological patients is of central importance. In this context, vitamins, minerals and long-chain omega -3 fatty acids are becoming more and more relevant in oncology although the benefit of such supplements is discussed controversially. Starting from a description of the etiopathogenesis and the pathophysiological consequences of cancer-associated malnutrition, the present study provides an overview of the importance of micronutrients for oncological patients. In the case of reduced food intake and/or inappropriate food choice the use of a multi-vitamin-multimineral supplement administered in physiological doses, i.e. nutrient quantities approximately corresponding to the recommended daily allowances, can be generally recommended. However, to enhance postoperative wound healing, it seems that cancer patients require higher amounts of micronutrients than healthy individuals. Because vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in oncological patients, improvement of vitamin D status is of special interest.
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PMID:Nutrition in oncology: the case of micronutrients (review). 2081 59


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