Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of disturbing groups of 24 hr fasted rats on plasma unesterified fatty acid (UFA) and tryptophan concentrations and brain tryptophan concentrations were investigated. Removing rats from cages rapidly increased plasma UFA and corticosterone and decreased plasma and whole blood tryptophan of cage mates. The disturbance also appeared to influence biochemical values of rats in other cages within the same chamber. Effects specific to individual cages were also suggested. In subsequent experiments 24 fasting rats caged together were rapidly transferred to 24 separate cages and killed at intervals. Plasma UFA rose to a maximum by 12 min and then fell toward initial values. Plasma total tryptophan concurrently fell then rose. Its percentage in the free (ultrafilterable) state, and in some experiments the absolute values of free tryptophan rose then fell. When the latter rise was marked then brain tryptophan and the 5-HT metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid rose. Tyrosine changes were negligible. Thus altered brain tryptophan level and 5-HT metabolism may be associated with plasma tryptophan changes caused by brief environmental disturbance.
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PMID:Fatty acid and tryptophan changes on disturbing groups of rats and caging them singly. 56 80

Rats with chronic experimental portocaval anastomosis were hypoactive as indicated by diminished activity in the home cage, during habituation in red light to an observation box and during exposure in white light to an open-field. Food intake and responsiveness to electric shock were also decreased. However, there was an abnormally high frequency of social activity when anastomosed rats were paired together after having been caged singly for 3 weeks. Also, sham-operated rats interacted more with anastomosed rats than they did with other sham-operated animals. Anastomosis also raised brain concentrations of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Administration of tryptophan to sham-operated rats increased shock threshold and decreased ambulation in an open-field. Thus, while anastomosed rats are not comatose they do have considerable behavioural abnormalities for which brain tryptophan changes may be in part responsible.
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PMID:Effects of chronic experimental liver dysfunction and L-tryptophan on behaviour in the rat. 71 68

1 Changes of plasma unesterified fatty acid (UFA) and tryptophan concentration in group-housed rats following removal of their cage-mates and the effects of antilipolytic drugs on these changes were investigated. 2 Removal of group-housed 24 h fasted rats but not fed rats from cages resulted in increased plasma UFA concentration in the remaining rats which was associated with significant increases of the proportion of free tryptophan but significant falls of total tryptophan concentration. These rapid changes were not associated with brain tryptophan changes. Plasma tyrosine concentration was unaffected. 3 The fall of plasma tryptophan did not appear to be due to passage into red cells as erythrocyte tryptophan concentration remained unchanged. 4 Plasma UFA concentrations correlated positively and significantly with corticosterone concentrations which were also increased following removal of cage-mates. 5 Plasma UFA increases and tryptophan changes in the fasting rats were both prevented by nicotinic acid or propranolol. Corticosterone concentration was increased by nicotinic acid but unaffected by propranolol. 6 The possible importance of these rapid changes of plasma tryptophan and of their prevention by antilipolytic drugs is discussed.
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PMID:Rapid effects of environmental disturbance on rat plasma unesterified fatty acid and tryptophan concentrations and their prevention by antilopolytic drugs. 116 95

The circadian rhythms of hypothalamic serotonin (5HT), tryptophan (TP) and 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5HIAA), and serum corticosterone were determined in male Wistar rats. The animals underwent a five-week 12:12-hr light/dark cycle conditioning period and were divided into three groups: rats housed four to a cage (group C, control), rats housed individually (group I), and rats housed individually and treated for two weeks with 10 mg/kg/day of imipramine continuously administered by osmotic pumps implanted under the skin (group T). Significant differences were found in the acrophases of 5HT, TP and 5HIAA between group I and group C, and corticosterone mesor was higher in group I than in group C. On the contrary, no differences were observed between group T (individually housed, but given imipramine) and group C. Therefore, chronically administered imipramine antagonizes the circadian changes induced by individual housing.
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PMID:Chronic administration of imipramine antagonizes deranged circadian rhythm phases in individually housed rats. 170 Apr 47

In a counter-balanced, cross-over study, we examined the contributions of serotonergic systems to the acquisition of social dominance in adult male vervet monkeys. Subjects were members of 12 social groups, each containing 3 adult males, at least 3 adult females, and their offspring. Animals were observed in 5 intervals including a first baseline, a first experimental, a second baseline, a second experimental, and a third baseline period. At the end of the first baseline period, the dominant male was removed from each group. In each group, one of the two remaining subordinate males was selected at random for treatment and during the first experimental period, 6 of the 12 treated males received drugs that enhanced serotonergic activity (3 were given tryptophan 40 mg/kg/day and 3 fluoxetine 2 mg/kg/day). The other 6 treated males received drugs that reduced serotonergic function (3 were given fenfluramine 2 mg/kg/day and 3 cyproheptadine 60 micrograms/kg/day). At the end of the first experimental period, the original dominant male was returned to his group and the second baseline period began. In all instances, the originally dominant male regained his dominant position. The second experimental period began with the dominant male again being removed and, the 12 treated males were given the treatment they had not received in the first experimental period. At the start of the third 12-week baseline period, the original dominant male was returned to his group and resumed his dominant status. When the 12 treated subjects received tryptophan or fluoxetine, they became dominant in all instances. When they received fenfluramine or cyproheptadine, their vehicle-treated cage mates became dominant. The sequence of the behavioral changes shown by the treated males as they acquired dominance status paralleled those seen in naturalistic conditions. These observations support the distinction between dominance and aggression and strongly suggest that when hierarchical relationships are uncertain, serotonergic mechanisms may mediate the behaviors which permit a male to attain high dominance status.
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PMID:Serotonergic mechanisms promote dominance acquisition in adult male vervet monkeys. 179 96

Two groups of vervet monkeys were fed, on alternate days, either before or after a morning observation period. This enabled us to determine changes in behavior when the animals were fed a nutritionally balanced breakfast of monkey chow. Feeding did not alter the proportion of behaviors that were social or non-social, but had a marked effect on individual behaviors. Feeding increased active behaviors among the adult animals except for the vervets who were lowest in the social hierarchy in each cage. For some of the individual behaviors that were altered by feeding, the changes were most marked early on in the observation period, when the animals were still feeding. Other behavioral changes were seen only later in the observation period, a time course consistent with a food-mediated change in brain biochemistry. A parallel biochemical experiment showed that feeding decreased the levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the CSF. Our data indicate that feeding can influence both brain biochemistry and behavior. The behavioral changes may be influenced by social and psychological factors as well as changes in brain biochemistry.
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PMID:The effect of breakfast on social behavior and brain amine metabolism in vervet monkeys. 335 16

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), median raphe nucleus (MRN)-lesioned and sham-lesioned rats were submitted to one-trial passive avoidance conditioning followed by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or sham-ECS. On test session (24 h later) MRN-lesioned rats presented a longer conditioned response and, chiefly, a remarkable reduction of ECS-induced retrograde amnesia in comparison to sham-lesioned animals. This effect appeared unrelated to major changes in spontaneous behavior: on training session MRN-lesioned rats exhibited a faster stepping-down from the platform; their exploratory activity into a novel cage was characterized by a slightly higher initial response; moreover MRN lesion did not significantly effect pain threshold. A reduced brain 5-HT functional activity following MRN lesion was suggested by the study of the hyperactivity syndrome induced by tranylcypromine plus L-tryptophan. Lastly, MRN-lesioned rats showed a significantly lower brain 5-HT steady level without differing from the sham-lesioned ones with respect to turnover rate. The reduction of ECS-induced retrograde amnesia observed in 5,7-DHT, MRN-lesioned rats was considered as due to a lower synaptic availability of 5-HT at the time of ECS administration.
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PMID:Reduction of ECS-induced retrograde amnesia of passive avoidance conditioning after 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine median raphe nucleus lesion in the rat. 696 65

During tumor growth, anorexia and reduced food intake markedly contribute to the development of malnutrition, thus worsening overall patients' survival. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of eating behavior may lead to new and more effective therapies, aiming at counteracting the detrimental effects of anorexia and reduced food intake on nutritional status and survival in cancer patients. Brain tryptophan and serotonin concentrations seem to play a pivotal role in the regulation of eating behavior. Increased brain serotonin activity is indeed associated with a reduction of food intake. It has been recently hypothesized that increased availability of tryptophan to the brain and the consequent increased serotonin activity may represent the pathogenic mechanism for cancer-associated anorexia. According to this hypothesis, the modulation of brain serotonin activity may result in an improvement of anorexia. Reducing brain tryptophan availability represents a possible mechanism to restore brain serotonin activity to normal. There is evidence that the oral administration of neutral amino acids competing with tryptophan for brain entry results in a significant improvement of cancer anorexia. The same treatment may also be effective in improving secondary anorexia, which is associated with other chronic illnesses, including renal and liver failure, sepsis, and so forth, sharing a similar pathogenic mechanism.
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PMID:Cancer anorexia: new pathogenic and therapeutic insights. 885 Feb 21

The internal motion of lysozyme was described by the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of its tryptophan residues. The fluorescence of mutant lysozymes W62Y- and W108Y-lysozyme, in which Trp62 or Trp108 of hen egg white lysozyme was replaced with a tyrosine residue, could be respectively assigned to Trp108 or Trp62 at the longer wavelength region of the total fluorescence spectrum. The segmental motion of Trp62 as shown by its fluorescence anisotropy decay was described with two components originating from the fluctuational rotation of an indole moiety about the Calpha-Cbeta bond and rotational wobble of the peptide segment adjacent to Trp62. Although Trp62 showed a high degree of motional freedom, its motion was significantly suppressed by the interaction of the mutant protein with a trimer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. By contrast, the segmental motion of Trp108 is hindered by the local cage structure at temperatures below 30 degreesC, but Relief from restricted motion occurred on the formation of ligand complex or by thermal agitation. Because of overlaps of the fluorescence spectrum, it is difficult to assign the segmental motion of Trp28 or Trp111, the other two tryptophan residues in lysozyme. However, a careful analysis of the fluorescence anisotropy decay of W62Y- and W108Y-lysozyme showed that the fluctuation of the hydrophobic matrix box was greater than that expected from lysozyme's crystal structure, although it was suppressed by the binding of the ligand to the active site of lysozyme.
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PMID:Internal motion of lysozyme studied by time-resolved fluorescence depolarization of tryptophan residues. 954 45

The fluorescence spectral distributions of four tryptophan residues of hen egg-white lysozyme were analyzed using time-resolved and quenching-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Trp62 and Trp108 gave the fluorescence maxima at 352 nm and 342 nm, respectively. The fluorescence of Trp28 and Trp111 occurred only at 300-360 nm and they were observed as an unresolved emission band with a maximum and shoulder at 320 nm and 330 nm. The fluorescence quenching and decay parameters of each tryptophan residue reconfirmed that Trp62 was fully exposed to the solvent but Trp108 was sealed in the cage of the peptide chains and furthermore showed that Trp28 and Trp111 are under the influence of the larger fluctuational motion at the hydrophobic matrix box. The fluorescence responses of each tryptophan residue to the lysozyme-ligand interaction suggested that the internal fluctuation was reduced by the binding of ligand to give a distorted conformation to the hydrophobic matrix box region.
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PMID:Resolution and characterization of tryptophyl fluorescence of hen egg-white lysozyme by quenching- and time-resolved spectroscopy. 1019 15


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