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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sediment oxygen consumption, TCO2 production and nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface were measured in sediments within and along a transect from four fish pens with production of milkfish (Chanos chanos) in the Bolinao area, The Philippines. The four fish pens were each representing a specific period in the production cycling. There was a positive linear relationship between the rates of sedimentation inside the fish pens and the sediment oxygen consumption indicating that the benthic processes were controlled by the input of organic matter from fish production. The nutrient fluxes were generally higher inside the fish pens, and nitrate was taken up (1.7-5.8 mmol m(-2) d(-1)) whereas ammonium (1-22 mmol m(-2) d(-1)) and phosphate (0.2-4.7 mmol m(-2) d(-1)) were released from the sediments. The sediments were enriched in organic matter with up to a factor 4 compared to outside. A mass balance for one crop of milkfish was constructed based on production data and on measured fluxes of nutrients in the fish pens to assess the loss of carbon and nutrients to the environment. There was a loss to the surroundings of carbon and nitrogen of 51-68% of the total input, whereas phosphorus was buried in the sediments inside the fish pens which acted as net sinks of phosphorus. The results obtained suggest that fish pen culture as practiced in the Bolinao area, leads to even greater impacts on benthic carbon and nutrient cycling than those found in suspended cage cultures.
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PMID:Impacts of milkfish (Chanos chanos) aquaculture on carbon and nutrient fluxes in the Bolinao area, Philippines. 1222 93

Complexation of the ligand 1 with Pd(NO3)2 leads to the self-assembly of a very stable M2L4 type macrotricyclic cage that encapsulates a nitrate ion inside its cavity.
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PMID:Self-assembly of a novel macrotricyclic Pd(II) metallocage encapsulating a nitrate ion. 1224 Apr 27

A tris(3-pyridyl)-substituted C3 symmetric subphthalocyanine (SubPc) was dimerized into a M3L2 cage in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of (en)Pd(NO3)2. NMR studies demonstrated the recognition event to be accompanied by chiral self-discrimination between the two enantiomers of the SubPc. Moreover, the specificity is such that only one of four possible isomers was detected in solution.
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PMID:Chiral self-discrimination in a M3L2 subphthalocyanine cage. 1246 47

The reaction of peroxynitrite with the biopolymer hyaluronan has been studied using stopped-flow techniques combined with detection of molecular weight changes using the combination of gel permeation chromatography and multiangle laser light scattering. From the effect of peroxynitrite on the yield of hyaluronan chain breaks, it was concluded that the chain breaks were caused by hydroxyl radicals which escape a cage containing the *OH NO*(2) radical pair. The yield of free hydroxyl radicals was determined as 5+/-1% (as a proportion of the total peroxynitrite concentration). At high peroxynitrite concentrations, it was observed that the yield of chain breaks leveled out, an effect largely attributable to the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals by nitrite ions present in the peroxynitrite preparation. These experiments also provided some support for a previous proposal that the adduct formed between ONOOH and ONOO(-) might itself produce hydroxyl radicals. The rate of this reaction would have to be of the order of 0.05 s(-1) to produce hydroxyl radical yields that would account quantitatively for chain break yields at high peroxynitrite concentrations. By carrying out experiments at higher hyaluronan concentrations, it was also concluded that an additional yield of chain breaks was produced by the bimolecular reaction of the polymer with ONOOH at a rate constant of about 10 dm(3)mol(-1)s(-1). At 5.3 x 10(-3)mol dm(-3) hyaluronan, this amounted to 3.5% chain breaks (per peroxynitrite concentration). These conclusions support the proposal that the yield of hydroxyl radicals arising from the isomerization of ONOOH to nitrate ions is relatively low.
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PMID:Chain scission of hyaluronan by peroxynitrite. 1259 Sep 25

The use of a ligand directed strategy in the assembly of discrete clusters, 1D chains, 2D layers, and 3D networks using aliphatic N-donor ligands has been investigated. The ligands are a family of amines with rigid backbones [cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane (cis-tach), cis,trans-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane (trans-tach), cis-1,3-diaminocyclohexane (cis-dach), and cis-3,5-diaminopiperidine (cis-dapi)], and their complexation with Ag(I) salts results in a diverse set of architectures with the following compositions: [Ag3(cis-tach)2]F3.4CH(3)OH.0.5H2O (1), [Ag3(cis-tach)2]F3.6H2O (2), ([Ag(cis-dach)]ClO4)n (3), ([Ag(cis-tach)]NO3)n (4), ([Ag(trans-tach)]PF6)n(5), and ([Ag(cis-dapi)]CF3SO3)n (6). Structural analysis shows that compounds 1 and 2 are discrete M(3)L(2) cage-type clusters with varying solvent molecule content. Short Ag...Ag contacts (3.021(8) A) are observed to dimerize discrete units in compound 2. Compound 3 is a 1D zigzag chain formed by coordination to the two primary amines of cis-dach, whereas the tridentate ligands in compounds 4 and 5 (cis-tach and trans-tach, respectively) are able to form tubular architectures by virtue of their ability to "wrap" round the channel walls. An infinite 2D coordination network is demonstrated by compound 6, in which the three coplanar amino donors of cis-dapi coordinate to the trigonal planar Ag(I) ions to form a layered structure of 6(3) topology. These are compared with a previously reported 3D structure, ([Ag(trans-tach)]NO3)n (7), that belongs to this family of architectures.
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PMID:Coordination networks through the dimensions: from discrete clusters to 1D, 2D, and 3D silver(I) coordination polymers with rigid aliphatic amino ligands. 1528 72

Self-assembled particles of genetically engineered human L subunit ferritin expressing a silver-binding peptide were used as nanocontainers for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The inner cavity of the self-assembled protein cage displays a dodecapeptide that is capable of reducing silver ions to metallic silver. This chimeric protein cage when incubated in the presence of silver nitrate exhibits the growth of a silver nanocrystal within its cavity. Our studies indicate that it is possible to design chimeric cages, using specific peptide templates, for the growth of other inorganic nanoparticles.
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PMID:Engineered protein cages for nanomaterial synthesis. 1547 82

Hemibody irradiation in multiple fractionated doses is frequently used for the treatment of various neoplastic disorders. It produces both acute and late effects on the skin and subcutaneous tissues that have profound implications in the healing of surgical wounds. Because of the crucial practical importance of hemibody radiation exposure associated with skin wounds, it is imperative to investigate the efficacy of cost-effective herbal products in the reconstruction of irradiated wounds. Therefore, the effect of pretreatment of curcumin was studied on the healing of excision wound in mice exposed to 2, 4, 6, or 8 Gy of hemibody gamma-radiation. A full-thickness skin wound was created by removing the skin flap of the dorsum of 8- to 10-week-old Swiss albino mice partially (lower half, below the rib cage) exposed to 2, 4, 6, or 8 Gy of gamma-radiation. The progression of wound contraction was monitored periodically by capturing video images of the wound, where the first image of each wound from different groups was obtained 1 day after wounding and that day was considered as day 0. Eight animals were used in each group at each exposure dose for wound contraction studies. Furthermore, the effect of curcumin on mean healing time after exposure of mice to 2, 4, 6, or 8Gy of hemibody gamma-radiation was also evaluated, where eight animals were used in each group at each exposure dose. Collagen, hexosamine, DNA, nitric oxide, and histologic profiles were also evaluated during the course of healing of excision wounds at days 4, 8, and 12 after irradiation treated or not with curcumin before exposure to 0 or 6 Gy of gamma-radiation. Six animals were used in each group at each interval for each biochemical parameter studied, except for histologic evaluations, where four animals were used in each group at each interval. Exposure of mice to different doses of gamma-radiation resulted in a dose-dependent delay in contraction and wound-healing time of excision wound, whereas curcumin pretreatment caused a significant elevation in the rate of wound contraction and a decrease in the mean wound-healing time. Treatment with curcumin before irradiation enhanced the synthesis of collagen, hexosamine, DNA, nitrite, and nitrate, and histologic assessment of wound biopsy specimens revealed improved collagen deposition and an increase in fibroblast and vascular densities. The authors' study demonstrates that curcumin pretreatment has a conducive effect on the irradiated wound and could be a substantial therapeutic strategy for ameliorating radiation-induced delay in wound repair in cases of radiation-induced skin injuries.
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PMID:Curcumin treatment enhances the repair and regeneration of wounds in mice exposed to hemibody gamma-irradiation. 1569 58

The aim of this work was to study the efficiency of the packed cage rotating biological contactor (RBC) system with synthetic wastewater (SWW) containing 800 mg/l BOD(5) with various cyanide residue concentrations and hydraulic loading time. The results showed that cyanide had a negative effect to both the system's efficiency and bio-film quality. An increase in cyanide concentration led to a decrease in bio-film growth and the consequent reduction in the removal efficiency of the system. Also, the effluent suspended solids (SS) of the system was increased with increasing cyanide concentrations because the bio-film detached from the media due to the toxicity of the cyanide residue. The system showed the highest COD, BOD(5), TKN and cyanide removal efficiencies of 94.0 +/- 1.6%, 94.8 +/- 0.9%, 59.1 +/- 2.8% and 95.5 +/- 0.6%, respectively, with SWW containing 5 mg/l cyanide under HRT of 8 days, while they were only 88.8 +/- 0.7%, 89.5 +/- 0.5%, 40.3 +/- 1.1% and 93.60 +/- 0.09%, respectively, with SWW containing 40 mg/l cyanide. In addition, the effluent ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were increased with increases in cyanide concentration or loading. However, the system with SWW containing the highest cyanide concentration of 40 mg/l showed almost constant COD and BOD(5) removal efficiencies of 89% and 90%, even when the system was controlled under the lowest HRT of 8 h.
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PMID:Packed cage rotating biological contactor system for treatment of cyanide wastewater. 1653 Apr 9

Urbanization has deleterious effects on water quality and biota in stream systems. This project used caged bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) to assess metazoan fish parasite communities in 2 urbanizing streams of the upper San Antonio River Basin, Bexar County, Texas. Field studies on Leon and Salado creeks were conducted during late summer in 1999 and 2000. Juvenile bluegill, obtained from a local aquaculturist, were held in cages for 10-22 days at middle and lower watershed sites to expose them to in-stream conditions and to allow parasite communities to establish. After removal from cages, fish were examined for metazoan parasites. In 2000, wild Lepomis spp. also were collected at study sites for parasite assessment. In both years, physical and chemical water properties were monitored at each site. Of the 120 fish examined for parasites, 96.7% were infected by at least 1 organism from among the 11 parasitic taxa observed. For caged fish, both diversity and equitability of parasite communities tended to be lower at the more eutrophic downstream sites; accordingly, parasite diversity and equitability were inversely correlated with nitrate concentrations. Ectoparasites were more prevalent in caged fish and endoparasites were more abundant in wild fish. An Ergasilus sp. copepod and a Posthodiplostomum sp. trematode dominated the ecto- and endoparasite faunas, respectively. This study suggests that assessment of watershed health can benefit from comparative cage studies of parasite community development involving sentinel fish species.
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PMID:Metazoan parasite communities of sentinel bluegill caged in two urbanizing streams, San Antonio, Texas. 1653 17

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have shown great promise as anion getters. In this paper, we demonstrate that the sorption capability of a LDH for a specific oxyanion can be greatly increased by appropriately manipulating material composition and structure. We have synthesized a large set of LDH materials with various combinations of metal cations, interlayer anions, and molar ratios of divalent cation M(II) to trivalent cation M(III). The synthesized materials have then been tested systematically for their sorption capabilities for pertechnetate (TcO(-)(4)). It is discovered that for a given interlayer anion (either CO(2-)(3) or NO(-)(3)) the Ni-Al LDH with a Ni/Al ratio of 3:1 exhibits the highest sorption capability among all the materials tested. The sorption of TcO(-)(4) on M(II)-M(III)-CO(3) LDHs may be dominated by the edge sites of LDH layers and correlated with the basal spacing d(003) of the materials, which increases with the decreasing radii of both divalent and trivalent cations. The sorption reaches its maximum when the layer spacing is just large enough for a pertechnetate anion to fit into a cage space among three adjacent octahedra of metal hydroxides at the edge. Furthermore, the sorption is found to increase with the crystallinity of the materials. For a given combination of metal cations and an interlayer anion, the best crystalline LDH material is obtained generally with a M(II)/M(III) ratio of 3:1. Synthesis with readily exchangeable nitrate as an interlayer anion greatly increases the sorption capability of a LDH material for pertechnetate. The work reported here will help to establish a general structure-property relationship for the related layered materials.
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PMID:Compositional and structural control on anion sorption capability of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). 1675 Feb 15


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