Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High available phosphorus corn (HAP) developed using the low phytic acid 1-1 (lpal-1) allele of the corn LPA1 gene containing 0.27% P, with 0.17% nonphytate P (NPP), was compared to near isogenic normal corn (LPA1), which contained 0.23% P and 0.05% NPP. Five levels of NPP from either HAPC or normal corn (0.40, 0.35, 0.30, 0.25 and 0.20% + 300 phytase units (FTU)/kg microbial phytase) were combined in a 2 x 5 factorial experiment for a total of 10 dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment was fed to eight replicate cages with five Hy-Line W-36 hens per replicate cage from 20 to 40 wk of age. Feed consumption and egg production were not significantly affected by dietary NPP level or corn type. Feed conversion ratio (g feed:g egg mass) was improved at the 0.35% NPP level (1.856) compared to the other levels of NPP--0.40, 0.30, 0.25, and 0.20% + phytase having feed conversion ratios of 1.872, 1.905, 1.930, and 1.898, respectively. Egg weight and egg mass decreased significantly as dietary NPP decreased; diets with 0.20% NPP plus phytase had equal egg mass to the 0.35 and 0.40% NPP diets. A significant corn type x NPP interaction effect was observed for egg weight, such that within the HAP corn diets, egg weight decreased more markedly at the 0.25% NPP levels compared to the normal corn 0.25% NPP diets. Specific gravity was not affected by dietary treatment, but percent dry shell was improved at the lower AP levels and with phytase treatment. Dietary NPP level and corn type had no significant effect on bone ash. Excreta levels of total phosphorus decreased significantly as dietary NPP decreased and were lower in the HAP corn excreta compared to normal corn excreta. Total P, Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn retention were significantly affected by NPP level and corn type. HAP corn reduced Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn retention compared to normal corn; this negative effect was alleviated by phytase supplementation to HAP corn diets. HAP corn allowed less dicalcium phosphate supplementation in layer diets compared to normal corn while supporting equal egg production. Phytase supplementation of low NPP diets had no significant positive effects on egg production parameters in either corn type diets.
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PMID:High available phosphorus corn and phytase in layer diets. 1276 2

A gradient elution HPLC method with a wavelength switch technique was developed to simultaneously analyze the beta-lactam ticarcillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate in rabbit serum and tissue cage fluid (TCF). A C18 reversed-phase column with a programmable UV detector changing the wavelength from 218 to 254 nm at 9 min was used for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile, phosphate buffer and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate by following a gradient elution program at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min. Sample processing was carried out with liquid-liquid extraction. Good linearity, recoveries, precision and accuracy were obtained. The ranges of the standard curves were 1-100 microg/ml for ticarcillin, and 0.2-20 microg/ml for clavulanate. This assay has been successfully applied to analyze ticarcillin and clavulanate in rabbit serum and tissue cage fluid samples from a pharmacokinetic study.
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PMID:Simultaneous determination of ticarcillin and clavulanate in rabbit serum and tissue cage fluid by liquid chromatography. 1295 75

The radiosensitizing effect of 5 micrograms/mL of alkaloid fraction of Alstonia scholaris (ASERS) was evaluated in various neoplastic cell lines, namely: HeLa, HePG2, HL60, MCF-7, and KB exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy of gamma-radiation. The irradiation of various cells caused a dose-dependent elevation in the cytotoxicity, and a maximum cytotoxic effect was observed at 4 Gy (the highest dose) in all the cell lines studied. The ASERS pretreatment increased the effect of radiation as evidenced by enhanced cell killing when compared with the concurrent phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) treated irradiation group. The greatest elevation in cell killing was observed for HeLa and KB cells, followed by HL60, MCF7, and HePG2 cells. The in vitro observations were confirmed by in vivo studies, where the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice were treated with 120 mg/kg body weight of ASERS before exposure to 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of hemibody (below the rib cage) gamma-radiation. Irradiation of EAC mice caused a dose-dependent tumor regression, as evidenced by increased life span of the animals. The pretreatment of tumor-bearing animals with 120 mg/kg ASERS resulted in a further remission in the tumor when compared with the concurrent nondrug-treated irradiated controls; as a result there was a radiation dose-dependent increase in the life span of tumor-bearing animals receiving 120 mg/kg ASERS, except for 8 Gy, where it was less than the concurrent control. The above findings corroborate with a time-dependent decrease in the glutathione (GSH) contents, accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxidation. Our study demonstrates that ASERS treatment enhances the effect of radiation and results in disease-free survival of the mice.
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PMID:Treatment with Alstonia scholaris enhances radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. 1496 4

Phosphatidic (PtdOH) acid formation is recognized as an important step in numerous signaling pathways in both plants and mammals. To study the role of this lipid in signaling pathways, it is of major interest to be able to increase the amount of this lipid directly. Therefore, "caged" PtdOH was synthesized, which releases the biologically active PtdOH upon exposure to UV. Analysis of the product revealed that two 2-nitrophenylethyl (NPE) caging groups were coupled to the phosphate headgroup of PtdOH. To measure the quantum efficiency of uncaging, a fluorimetric assay, based on the notion that the NPE cage is an efficient quencher of pyrene fluorescence, was developed. Consequently, after NPE-caged PtdOH and (N-pyrene)-PtdEtn had been mixed in DOPC vesicles, the extent of photolysis of caged PtdOH can be quantified by monitoring the increase in pyrene fluorescence. Using this assay, a quantum yield of 9.6% was determined for the uncaging reaction. The swimming green alga Chlamydomonas moewusii deflagellates upon addition of PtdOH. This response was used to study the release of PtdOH in vivo. Algae incubated with caged PtdOH only arrested swimming after exposure to UV, indicative of PtdOH release. This effect was not observed in the absence of the caged compound or when a control caged compound (caged acetic acid) was added. Fluorescein diacetate staining was used to show that the cells remained viable after UV exposure. The anticipated effect of PtdOH release is confirmed by phase contrast images of UV-exposed algae showing excision of flagella. Together, these results show that caged PtdOH can be used to efficiently increase PtdOH levels, demonstrating that it is a promising precursor for studying PtdOH-dependent signaling.
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PMID:Photolysis of caged phosphatidic acid induces flagellar excision in Chlamydomonas. 1506 70

GroEL encapsulates nonnative substrate proteins in a central cavity capped by GroES, providing a safe folding cage. Conventional models assume that a single timer lasting approximately 8 s governs the ATP hydrolysis-driven GroEL chaperonin cycle. We examine single molecule imaging of GFP folding within the cavity, binding release dynamics of GroEL-GroES, ensemble measurements of GroEL/substrate FRET, and the initial kinetics of GroEL ATPase activity. We conclude that the cycle consists of two successive timers of approximately 3 s and approximately 5 s duration. During the first timer, GroEL is bound to ATP, substrate protein, and GroES. When the first timer ends, the substrate protein is released into the central cavity and folding begins. ATP hydrolysis and phosphate release immediately follow this transition. ADP, GroES, and substrate depart GroEL after the second timer is complete. This mechanism explains how GroES binding to a GroEL-substrate complex encapsulates the substrate rather than allowing it to escape into solution.
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PMID:GroEL mediates protein folding with a two successive timer mechanism. 1514 92

Beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was examined as a substitute for autograft for packing into interbody fusion cages in the canine lumbar spine model. Discectomy and interbody cage fusion were performed at three disc spaces in eight dogs. Examination of microradiographs and histological sections of the lumbar spine at 16 weeks postsurgery revealed three fusions in the autograft cages (Group A), three in the beta-TCP cages (Group B), and five in the beta-TCP-BMP-2 cages (Group C). The mean percentage of trabecular bone area in the cages was 51.9% in Group A, 48.8% in Group B, and 65.6% in Group C. Mean percentage of trabecular bone formation and mechanical stiffness were highest in the cages filled with beta-TCP and BMP-2. Combination of BMP to beta-TCP may act as an osteoconductive and osteoinductive bone graft substitute in clinical spine surgery.
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PMID:Beta-tricalcium phosphate combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: a substitute for autograft, used for packing interbody fusion cages in the canine lumbar spine. 1520 57

A new mixed zinc-aluminum phosphate Zn(3)Al(6)(PO(4))(12), 4tren, 17H(2)O (MIL-74) has been hydrothermally synthesized with the tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) as a structure-directing agent (453 K, 36 h, autogenous pressure). The solid was characterized by a nonclassical method combining single-crystal X-ray diffraction and several solid-state NMR experiments, RFDR, C7 double quantum ((31)P), and 3QMAS ((27)Al). Its crystal structure is cubic, a = 16.7942(1) A, but the choice of the space group does not follow usual routes of structure determination, due to some "disorder" between Zn and Al. It can be assigned as well to I-43m or to P-43n. The open-framework is built up from an enneameric unit (T = Zn, Al) containing five TO(4) and four PO(4) tetrahedra (one of the P-O bonds is terminal). A central TO(4) tetrahedral unit shares all of the corners with four phosphates groups. Two phosphate groups are connected to two other peripheral TO(4) units. It results in the formation of a "pseudo" planar building block T(5)P(4) consisting of four square 4-rings. The connection of the T(5)P(4) units generates a three-dimensional framework, which defines a super-sodalite topology. The resulting cavities (diameter of 10 A) are bound by 12-ring windows in which are located the tren species in interaction with the phosphate groups (mainly terminal P-O bonds) through hydrogen bonds. A cluster of 17 water molecules occupies the center of the super-sodalite cage. The cationic (Zn, Al) occupancy is discussed for this specific topology.
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PMID:Order-disorder in the super-sodalite Zn3Al6(PO4)12, 4tren, 17H2O (MIL-74): a combined XRD-NMR assessment. 1536 67

Background Impaction grafting can be achieved inside the spinal fusion cages, but its effect on bone graft incorporation and spinal fusion has not been studied. Animals and methods We investigated the effect of impaction grafting on the bone graft healing and fusion potential of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) inside the carbon fiber reinforced spinal fusion device (Brantigan cage) in 10 Danish landrace pigs. Lumbar spine interbody fusion of L2/3, L4/5 and L6/7 using carbon fiber cages was performed on each pig. Cages filled with either loosely-packed autologous iliac bone graft, rod-impacted autologous bone graft or beta-TCP were randomly distributed to the three fusion levels. Half of the animals were followed for 8 weeks, and the other half for 16 weeks. Results Radiographs and CT evaluations showed that autograft levels had significantly better results than beta-TCP levels (p<0.001 Fisher's Exact Test). However, the difference between impacted and loosely-packed levels was not significant. Histomorphometric analysis showed no difference between the loosely-packed and impacted cages with regard to bone volume, bone marrow volume, cartilage and fibrous tissue volume, while both of the autograft levels differed from the beta-TCP levels in all of the aforementioned parameters. Fluorochrome studies demonstrated that bone mineral apposition rate was significantly higher in the impacted cages than in the loosely-packed cages at 16 weeks. Interpretation Manual impaction of autologous bone graft into the carbon fiber cages resulted in a faster mineral apposition rate by 16 weeks. Bone ingrowth and spinal fusion were not influenced by impaction grafting.
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PMID:Effects of autogenous bone graft impaction and tricalcium phosphate on anterior interbody fusion in the porcine lumbar spine. 1537 May 91

Formation of intramolecular tetraplex structures by the thrombin-binding DNA aptamer (TBA) in the presence of K(+), Pb(2+), Ba(2+), Sr(2+) and Mn(2+) has been studied by vibrational spectroscopy. All tetraplex structures contain G-G Hoogsteen type base pairing, both C2'endo/anti and C2'endo/syn deoxyguanosine glycosidic conformations and local B like form DNA phosphate geometries. Addition of Pb(2+) ions modifies the structure by interacting at the level of the guanine carbonyl groups. The very important downshift of the guanine C6=O6 carbonyl vibration mode in the TBA spectrum induced by the addition of one Pb(2+) ion per TBA molecule is in agreement with a localization of the metal ion between both guanine quartets. FTIR melting experiments show an important stabilization of the tetraplex structure upon addition of Pb(2+) ions (DeltaT = 15 degrees C). This strong interaction of lead cations may be correlated with a change in the geometry of the cage formed by the two guanine quartets. A similar but weaker effect is observed for barium and strontium cations.
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PMID:Tetraplex structure formation in the thrombin-binding DNA aptamer by metal cations measured by vibrational spectroscopy. 1547 10

A simple and rapid assay is developed for the simultaneous analysis of piperacillin and tazobactam in rabbit serum and tissue cage fluid (TCF). To eliminate endogenous interferences, a wavelength switch technique was applied, in which the programmable UV detector changed the monitoring wavelength from 218 to 254 nm at 10 min. After liquid-liquid extraction, sample analyses were performed on a C(18) column by gradient elution; the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (0.014 m, pH 2.4). Owing to the limited amount of rabbit TCF available, a cross-validation of a proxy matrix was evaluated. The relative standard deviation of the between- and within-batch precision of both compounds was less than 5.1%; the relative error of the between- and within-batch accuracy was less than 7.3%. The recoveries of both compounds in serum and TCF were larger than 80%. This assay was successfully applied to simultaneously analyze piperacillin and tazobactam in rabbit serum and TCF samples.
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PMID:Simultaneous analysis of piperacillin and tazobactam in rabbits: application to pharmacokinetic study. 1548 23


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