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Target Concepts:
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (
cage
)
29,987
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The use of closed containment (
CCS
) or semi-closed containment systems (S-CCS) for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar aquaculture is under evaluation in Norway. One such system is the Preline S-
CCS
, a floating raceway system that pumps water from 35 m depth creating a constant current through the system. Exposing fish to moderate water currents is considered aerobic exercise and it is often perceived as positive for fish welfare, growth, food utilization, muscle development and cardiac health. The present study compared fish reared in the Preline S-
CCS
and in a reference open pen. Samples were taken in fresh water before being transferred to the seawater systems and after 1, 2 and 4 months in seawater and analysed for growth, mortality, muscle development and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels. Moreover, gene transcription were determined in the skeletal muscle [igf-I, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor a (igf1ra) and insulin-like growth factor 1 binding protein 1a (igf1bp1a)] and cardiac transcription factors [myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (mef2c), gata4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)]. While the results suggest that post-smolts in Preline S-
CCS
were smaller than reference fish, fish from Preline S-
CCS
have less accumulated mortality at the end of the experiment and showed 2.44 times more small muscle fibres than the reference group fish after 4 months in seawater. These results confirmed what was previously observed in the second generation of Preline. Similar levels of big muscle fibres between Preline S-
CCS
and reference suggest a similar hypertrophy of muscle fibres even with lower IGF-I expression in the Preline S-
CCS
. Cardiac gene transcription suggests cardiac hypertrophy was observed after 4 months in seawater in the Preline S-
CCS
group. Altogether, Preline S-
CCS
is a promising technology able to produce more robust S. salar with a faster growth and lower mortality in the subsequent standard open
cage
system growth period.
...
PMID:Comparison between Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts reared in open sea cages and in the Preline raceway semi-closed containment aquaculture system. 2995 1
We present high-resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) measurements for fullerene ions in molecular nitrogen. Three different charge states were studied (monocations, monoanions and dianions) with fullerenes ranging in size from C
60
to C
150
. Ions were prepared by either electrospray ionization (ESI, for mono- and dianions) or by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI, for monocations) of a preformed fullerene soot extract solution. We demonstrate that TIMS allows to identify (and separate) constituent isomers in favorable cases. Using DFT calculations based on known condensed phase structures and trajectory method (TM) calculations we can reproduce the experimental
TIMS
CCS
N2
for fullerenes up to C
108
to within 0.5%. Using candidate structures based on quantum chemical predictions, we have also obtained structural information for fullerenes C
110
-C
150
- a size range not previously accessed in condensed phase studies. We find that soluble fullerenes in this size have near-spherical rather than tubular structures. While the TM programs presently available for
CCS
modelling do a remarkably good job at describing the ion mobility of high (and even giant) fullerenes we observe a slight but systematic size-dependent deviation between
TIMS
CCS
N2
values and our best computational fits which may reflect systematic bonding changes as the
cage
size increases.
...
PMID:Probing the structure of giant fullerenes by high resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry. 3143 67
