Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations were performed with the aim of establishing the influence of various environmental conditions (such as steady field conditions, climatized laboratories, Faraday's cage) on a number of enzymic activities in the rat (including glutamic oxaloacetic tic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase), as well as the serum concentrations of triglycerides, the oxygen consumption of hepatic parenchyma cells, and the influence on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (following partial hepatectomy). In the steady field, the activities of the cytoplasmic enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH) were higher then under Faraday conditions. The same applies both to the hepatic oxygen consumption and to the neutral fat serum levels. The control values always remained within the range of the results obtained under steady field or Faraday conditions. In the structure-linked enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase) the results were not uniform. Following partial hepatectomy, and under steady field conditions, the serum triglyceride concentrations showed a less pronounced drop than they did in the controls. Under selected environmental conditions, the results obtained lie within the physiological range. The present findings, therefore, do not permit definite conclusions to be drawn on favourable or unfavourable effects exerted by the different types of electroclimates.
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PMID:[Metabolism of rat liver in the electrostatic field and in the faraday cage before and after hepatectomy (author's transl)]. 24 66

Fifty-five patients (35 females and 20 males) were studied by noninvasive means 3.5-8.6 years after isolated mitral valve replacement with Models 103 and 104 Beall prostheses. History and physical exams by three physicians, complete hemograms, SMA 18, iron excretion rates, and coagulation profiles were performed. Additionally, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, phonocardiograms, cardiac series, and high-speed cinefluorography of the prostheses were obtained. Valve wear was assessed by the disc/cage ratio measured from a "three-legged view" with magnification. At a mean duration of 5.85 years after operation, the entire group had a mean disc/cage ratio of operation, the entire group had a mean disc/cage ratio of 0.906 +/- 0.031 vs a normal value of 0.944 +/- 0.014. The group was mildly anemic and had a urinary iron loss that was 40 times normal. The lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration was more than five times normal. The coagulation profiles were abnormal with respect to the bleeding and stypven times, antiheparin activity, fibrin degradation products, and megathrombocyte index. These abnormalities were unrelated to sex, degree of valve wear, and history of thromboembolism. Males were less anemic and had higher urine iron losses than females. Nine patients with severe valve wear (disc/cage ratio less than or equal to 0.87) were significantly more anemic with large urine iron losses and had elevated total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and LDH concentrations (ninefold), when compared to nine patients with minimal wear (disc/cage ratio greater than or equal to 0.925). It is emphasized that the findings of a significant anemia, an LDH concentration greater than 1500 mU/ml, and a disc/cage ratio of less than 0.87 in a patient with an isolated Beall mitral valve prosthesis are indicators for the need to replace the prosthesis in the near future. Re-replacement is urged before significant clinical deterioration.
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PMID:Quantification of wear, hemolysis and coagulation deficits in patients with Beall mitral valves. 88 18

There is a common notion that rats are resistant to postoperative wound infection because many recover from surgery performed under nonsterile conditions. As a result, nonaseptic surgical techniques are used commonly in rat surgery. Our aim was to determine if these techniques cause wound infection and, if so, whether or not the infection, inapparent to casual observation, creates measurable changes in rat physiology and behavior. Rats subjected to craniotomies or laparotomies and inoculated with 10(8) Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa or sterile saline were tested for open-field activity, freezing behavior, home-cage behavior score, and wheel-running activity. Physiologic indices included lactate dehydrogenase, blood glucose, plasma fibrinogen, complete blood counts, wound bacterial counts and histology scores, body temperature, and body weight. Although no clinical signs were detected by postoperative observation, rats inoculated with bacteria were significantly less active in the open field and the duration of freezing behavior was shorter. Plasma fibrinogen, serum glucose, total white blood cell counts, and wound histology scores were significantly altered in the bacteria-inoculated rats. These findings underscore the need for sterile techniques in rat surgery to avoid confounding experimental data.
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PMID:Behavioral and physiologic effects of inapparent wound infection in rats. 869 20

Male rats, aged 17 weeks at the end of experiments, were divided into four groups. Two groups lived in normal cage conditions with or without extra load (20% of the body weight) and two groups were trained by running with or without extra load for 8 weeks. Oxidation rates of succinate, glutamate + malate, palmitoylcarnitine, and pyruvate, and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were measured in homogenates of the right ventricle and in those of the subendocardial and subepicardial layers of the left ventricle. Oxidation rates of succinate and palmitoylcarnitine tended to be higher in the subendocardium than in the subepicardium of sedentary control animals (p less than 0.1 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Transmural differences of succinate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation rates were even more clear after running training (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively), after carrying extra load (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively) and after training carrying extra load (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Training also enhanced pyruvate oxidation rate in the subendocardium. Oxidation rates of all substrates were lower in the right ventricle than in the left ventricle. In control animals there were no regional differences in the myocardial enzyme activities and the training- or extra-load-induced changes were modest compared with the changes in the oxidation rates. The most significant change was the training-induced enhancement in the lactate dehydrogenase activity of the subendocardium (p less than 0.001 vs subepicardium). These results show greater subendocardial than subepicardial oxidation rates of certain substrates in the normal heart. These results also suggest that the myocardium adapts to increased work by increasing the subendocardial oxidation rate of some but not all substrates, indicating further that there may be qualitative mitochondrial differences in the different regions of the heart.
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PMID:Regional differences of substrate oxidation capacity in rat hearts: effects of extra load and endurance training. 207 98

Because of the unpredictable risk of failure of the Beall 103 and 104 valves, 29 patients who had such a valve implanted between 1969 and 1975 were identified in 1979 and studied to determine clinical status, degree of hemolysis, and valve function by cinefluoroscopy and echocardiography. Seven had valve replacement early after initial study because of cardiac symptoms or severe hemolysis or both. Of the 22 patients followed from January, 1980 to August, 1985, 13 experienced new symptoms or hemolysis, and had valve replacement. Serial observations over a mean of 2.8 years in patients with an isolated Beall valve eventually requiring operation for severe valve wear showed increasing hemolysis frequently concomitant with onset of cardiac symptoms. There were no perioperative deaths in 20 Beall valve replacements, which included 9 multiple valve operations. The mean interval to replacement for all patients was 8.5 years. When the only prosthetic valve was the Beall mitral valve, severe valve wear was associated with higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (1,117 +/- 67 IU [+/- standard error]) than those with mild or moderate valve wear at reoperation (LDH, 565 +/- 68 IU; p less than 0.01). Cinefluoroscopy identified abnormal disc motion in 3 patients, all with clinical deterioration; all patients with disc to cage ratios of 0.90 or less had severe valve wear, but more patients with severe wear had normal ratios. Cardiac catheterization frequently did not show major abnormalities. The onset of new cardiac symptoms or evidence of increasing hemolysis from serial serum LDH determinations or evidence of abnormal disc size or motion by cinefluoroscopy indicate a high probability of severe Beall valve wear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Indications for replacement of the Beall 103 and 104 disc valves. 375 80

LDHk is a cancer-associated lactate dehydrogenase which is also found at high levels in normal mammalian retina. Such retinas share with most cancer tissues a dependence on aerobic glycolysis, leading to high production of lactate. However, retinas of lower vertebrate species are significantly less dependent on aerobic glycolysis. We find that retinas of species less dependent on aerobic glycolysis express significantly lower levels of an LDHk-like activity, less than or equal to the low levels seen in brains. The enzymes from lower species differ from the mammalian retinal enzyme in their pH optima and responsiveness to oxygen; but share a similar degree of inhibition by 5'-5'-dinucleoside tetraphosphates. Therefore, the expression pattern of LDHk in brain and retina of diverse vertebrate species suggests a link with the Warburg effect.
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PMID:LDHk in the retina of diverse vertebrate species: a possible link to the Warburg effect. 387 42

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables of flunixin were studied in calves after IV administration of the drug at a dose rate of 2.2 mg/kg of body weight. The anti-inflammatory properties of flunixin were investigated, using a model of acute inflammation; this involved surgically implanting tissue cages at subcutaneous sites and stimulating the tissue cage granulation tissue by intracavitary injection of carrageenan. The actions of flunixin on exudate concentrations of several substances related to the inflammatory process, including proteases (metalloprotease [active and total] and cysteine and serine proteases), enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase [beta-glu]), eicosanoid (prostaglandin E2 [PGE2], leukotriene B4, and serum thromboxane B2 [TXB2]) concentrations, and bradykinin (BK)-induced edema, were investigated. Flunixin had a long elimination half-life--6.87 +/- 0.49 hours--and volume of distribution was 2.11 +/- 0.37 L/kg, indicating extensive distribution of the drug in the body. Body clearance was 0.20 +/- 0.03 L/kg/h. Flunixin exerted inhibitory effects on serum TXB2 and exudate PGE2 concentrations, beta-glu activity, and BK-induced swelling. Other enzymes and inflammatory mediators were not significantly affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Determination of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of flunixin in calves by use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling. 765 89

We studied the effects of voluntary exercise on nonspecific immunological mechanisms in mice. In this study, 7 week old male ICR mice were divided into two groups: a non-exercise group (control) and a group given voluntary exercise (Vex group). Each mouse of the Vex group was kept in an individual cage equipped with a voluntarily revolving wheel that the mouse had free access to. The duration of voluntary exercise was 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The following results were obtained: 1) After 8 weeks of voluntary exercise, food consumption, the weight of the anterior tibialis muscle and succinate dehydrogenase activity in the anterior tibialis muscle increased significantly in the Vex group compared to the control group. 2) By means of the carbon clearance method, phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system was increased in the Vex group. 3) Glucose consumption capacity and O-2 production capacity of peritoneal macrophages (M phi) were significantly increased in the Vex group compared to the control group. 4) The acid phosphatase (APH), beta-glucuronidase (GLU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of peritoneal M phi increased significantly in the Vex group. 5) Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cell proliferation in the spleen was high in the Vex group. Based on the above findings, it may be surmised that voluntary exercise enhances nonspecific immunological mechanisms and thereby improves the host defense mechanisms in mice.
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PMID:[Effects of voluntary exercise on nonspecific immunological mechanisms in mice]. 910 77

The effect of various activity regimes on metabolism of pigeon pectoralis was examined by measurement of blood lactate following exercise, total lactate dehydrogenase activity of pectoral muscle, and proportions of specific isoenzymes of pectoral muscle lactate dehydrogenase. Sprint-trained birds had the highest pectoral muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity (1409 IU.g-1 wet tissue), while endurance-trained birds had the highest peak lactate levels (287 mg.dl-1, extra-polated from decay curves) and fastest half-time of the lactate response (4.8 min) following exercise, but the lowest lactate dehydrogenase activity (115 IU.g-1 wet tissue). Immobilization of one wing for 3 weeks following endurance training produced a marked increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity of the immobilized muscle, compared to that in the contralateral pectoralis and endurance-trained muscle. Aerobic forms of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (that favor conversion of lactate to pyruvate) predominated in pectoral muscle of endurance-trained birds, while cage-confined birds exhibited primarily the anaerobic isoenzymes. These results demonstrate that conversion of pectoral muscle lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, total lactate dehydrogenase activity, and half-time of lactate response after exercise is dependent on activity regime in pigeons. In this respect, pigeon pectoral muscle responds to training and disuse in a manner similar to that of mammalian skeletal muscle.
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PMID:The effect of exercise and restraint on pectoral muscle metabolism in pigeons. 915 30

Aerobic exercise training evokes adaptations in the myocardial contractile machinery that enhance cardiac functional capacity; in comparison, the effects of training on the myocardium's energy generating pathways are less well characterized. This study tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training can increase the capacities of the major pathways of intermediary metabolism in canine myocardium. Mongrel dogs were conditioned by a 9-week treadmill running program or cage rested for 4 weeks. Exercise conditioning was evidenced by 26% and 22% decreases (P<0.05) in respective heart rates at rest and during submaximal exercise and by a 40% increase (P<0.05) in citrate synthase (CS) activity of the vastus lateralis. Glycolytic, TCA cycle, and beta-oxidative enzymes were assayed in myocardial extracts at 37 degrees C. Relative to sedentary controls, training increased glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity by 49% in left and 33% in right ventricle, and pyruvate kinase, CS, and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) activities by 74%, 91%, and 77%, respectively, in left ventricle (P<0.05). Immunoblotting further confirmed that training increased left ventricular contents of CS and GAPDH. Other measured enzymes (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase) were not altered by training in either ventricle. Kinetic analyses revealed increased maximum rates but unaltered substrate affinities of GAPDH, CS and HADH following training. Thus, aerobic exercise training augments the intermediary metabolic capacity of canine myocardium by selectively increasing the concentrations of regulatory enzymes of glycolysis and oxidative metabolism.
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PMID:Exercise training enhances glycolytic and oxidative enzymes in canine ventricular myocardium. 1088 45


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