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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Wheel-running rhythms were examined in male hamsters with access to 28% ethanol in lieu of water. One group was recorded in a light-dark (LD) cycle that was phase advanced by 8 h on three occasions separated by 23-27 days. On two of the three occasions, hamsters were subjected to a 2- to 3-h cage change procedure designed to stimulate wheel running, which accelerates the rate of reentrainment to 8-h advances. Ethanol and control hamsters showed no group differences in rhythm amplitude, entrained phase, or reentrainment rate. Both groups showed faster reentrainment in the cage change condition. A second group of hamsters recorded in constant dim showed a small but significant lengthening of the free-running period of their wheel-running rhythm when provided with a 28% ethanol solution. Wheel running decreased during ethanol access in this group. Voluntary ethanol consumption evidently can slow the circadian pacemaker regulating activity rhythms in hamsters but has no measurable effect on photic entrainment or pacemaker response to LD shifts or nonphotic manipulations (stimulated activity). Period lengthening may be secondary to decreased activity, but other period-activity correlations obtained did not reveal a strong association between these two variables.
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PMID:Ethanol and circadian rhythms in the Syrian hamster: effects on entrained phase, reentrainment rate, and period. 140 99

The effect of ethanol on intermale fighting behavior, measured mainly as the total fighting time, was studied using Swiss-Webster mice in 5-min encounters in a neutral arena (i.e., not the home cage). Ethanol treatment compared to control treatment had no statistically significant effect on fighting behavior when given to both equal-sized members of a pair of males socially isolated for a) 5 or 10 days at a dose of 0.4 g/kg IP; b) 4 weeks at 0.8 g/kg IP; and c) 38 weeks at 0.4 g/kg IP. Moreover, no significant effect was found when ethanol was given only to the expected dominant member of a pair, that is, to: a) a male isolated for 48 weeks confronting a younger and smaller group-housed male at 0.4 g/kg PO; and b) a male that had been pair housed with a female conspecific for 5 weeks confronting a group-housed male of equal age and weight at 0.4 g/kg IP. The results suggest that under these conditions ethanol does not lead to increased fighting behavior in Swiss-Webster male mice.
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PMID:Lack of increased intermale fighting behavior in mice after low ethanol doses. 152 44

Unit activity was recorded from the motor cortex of eight freely moving rabbits in order to examine the acute effect of ethanol (1 g kg-1) on organization of unit activity and to compare it with our earlier results from the limbic cortex. The rabbits performed a food-acquisition task in the experimental cage. Unit activity was recorded during behaviour in the control experiment followed by the alcohol experiment on the next day. After ethanol, behavioural mistakes and the duration of the behavioural cycle significantly increased. In the control experiments activation of 58% of the units had no constant relation to the phases of the behavioural cycle (non-involved units), whereas 42% of the units were constantly activated during certain phases (involved units). Two per cent of the latter units were activated in relation to newly learned behavioural acts (e.g. pedal pressing; L units), 28% in relation to food seizure and/or grinding (S units) and 12% in relation to certain movements during different behavioural acts (M units). Ethanol had no effect on the number of active units and the same relation between the number of non-involved and involved units or between the number of different types of involved units was found. However, the number of involved units decreased in the upper and increased in the lower cortical layers. Also the number of units with low background frequency increased, although the frequency within activations did not change. In our earlier study the number of active units in the limbic cortex decreased after ethanol by one third and the relation between the number of L and M units was reversed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute effects of alcohol on unit activity in the motor cortex of freely moving rabbits: comparison with the limbic cortex. 192 55

1. This study was designed to determine whether or not endogenous prostaglandins (PG) contribute to the healing of gastric ulcers induced by high concentrations of ethanol or water immersion stress. 2. Ethanol-induced gastric lesions; rats were divided into four groups: (1) the control group: untreated; (2) the indomethacin group: indomethacin (2 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) once daily until the end of the experiment; (3) the ethanol group: rats were given 1 mL of 50% ethanol intragastrically; (4) the ethanol + indomethacin group: indomethacin (2 mg/kg) was injected (i.m.) once daily from 1 h after administration of 50% ethanol until the end of the experiment. 3. Water immersion stress-induced gastric lesions; rats were divided into three groups: (1) control group: untreated; (2) stress group: rats were placed in a stress cage and immersed into a water bath (23 degrees C) for 6 h; (3) stress + indomethacin group: indomethacin (2 mg/kg) was injected (i.m.) once daily for 3 consecutive days immediately after stress treatment or from 3 days after stress treatment until the end of the experiment. 4. Immediately after observation of the lesions, the fundic mucosal layer was separated from the muscle layer and mucosal PG levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in each group. 5. Indomethacin did not inhibit ulcer healing until 48 h after administration in the ethanol experiment, and until 3 days after administration in the water immersion experiment. In contrast, indomethacin inhibited ulcer healing thereafter in each experiment respectively. 6. Four kinds of PG, that is 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PGD2 were detected in gastric mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship between gastric mucosal prostaglandin levels and healing of gastric lesions in rats. 207 3

The interaction between restraint-stress and ethanol was investigated in the rat. The effects of ethanol pretreatment (0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg, 20% v/v) on locomotor depression and corticosterone release induced by restraint-stress (15, 60 min) were measured. Restraint durations of 15, 30, 90 and 120 min were found to decrease locomotor activity while animals restrained for 60 min did not differ from home cage controls. All restraint durations induced a significant increase in plasma levels of corticosterone. Locomotor activity counts of ethanol-pretreated (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg; 20% v/v) animals restrained for 15 min were not found to be lower than those of ethanol-pretreated animals remaining in home cages. Ethanol pretreatment did not differentially affect the locomotor activity of restrained or home cage animals in the 60-min condition. Plasma corticosterone levels of ethanol-pretreated animals restrained for 15 min were identical to those of ethanol-pretreated home cage controls. However, ethanol-pretreated animals restrained for 60 min demonstrated plasma corticosterone levels higher than those obtained by ethanol pretreatment or 60-min restraint alone. Blood ethanol levels were not found to be different between ethanol-control and ethanol-stress animals. These results provide support for a stress-ethanol interaction. They also suggest a differential interaction of ethanol with different intensities of stress.
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PMID:Effects of ethanol on locomotor depression and corticosterone release induced by restraint-stress: support for a stress-ethanol interaction. 235

Ethanol has been shown to produce a biphasic dose-dependent effect on urine output in rats. Experiments were carried out to examine factors which may influence ethanol diuresis. Immobilization stress (30 min) decreased and ethanol (2.5 g kg-1) increased urine output of intragastrically hydrated rats. In stressed rats, ethanol had a more pronounced diuretic effect compared with home cage control rats. This increased sensitivity to ethanol disappeared when rats were immobilized daily for four days, indicating development of tolerance. The diuretic action of ethanol was not influenced by adrenalectomy.
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PMID:Ethanol diuresis in rats: possible modifying factors. 286 Feb 29

Rats were maintained on an ad lib diet containing 100 ppm cadmium (Group Cadmium-Diet) or a control diet with no added cadmium (Group Control-Diet). After 55 days of exposure to their respective diets, animals were tested for fluid intake using a nonchoice procedure that presented a 15% ethanol solution in the home cage for 5 days. Subsequently, all animals were offered a 10% ethanol solution or tap water in a 3-bottle, 2-fluid choice test in the home cage. This fluid intake test was conducted for a 5 day baseline period, and then again concurrently with avoidance acquisition (14 days) and extinction (4 days) training on a free operant (Sidman) avoidance task that required animals to lever press to avoid electric footshock. After training was terminated the choice test was continued further in the home cage for a 15 day post-avoidance period. Ethanol intake was greater for animals exposed to cadmium on all tests of fluid consumption, and all animals consumed more ethanol during the periods following termination of the stressor (avoidance extinction, post-avoidance) than during the actual period of stress (avoidance acquisition). Interpretive comments focus on the effects of cadmium on stress reactivity, sensory processing, and metabolism.
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PMID:Ethanol self-administration in rats following exposure to dietary cadmium. 369 4

Long-Evans rats were gavaged twice each day with 4 g/kg/day, of ethanol on days 10-14 of gestation. Ethanol and control offspring were reared by untreated surrogate dams to minimize possible postnatal maternal treatment influences. Ethanol-exposed offspring exhibited delayed olfactory orientation (discrimination) to home cage scent and delayed lower incisor eruption compared to pair-fed or ad lib fed controls. After weaning, the ethanol offspring exhibited increased open-field section entries, particularly of centrally located sections, and facilitated swimming performance in a water maze. Ethanol exposure significantly decreased weight gain and increased postnatal, but not prenatal, mortality in the progeny. The female ethanol offspring also showed delayed vaginal patency development. This was due to large delays in vaginal development in a small number of individuals in this group; no such lag was seen in any members of either control group. The data confirm that short-term prenatal alcohol exposure can produce many of the behavioral effects previously reported when alcohol is administered throughout most or all of pregnancy.
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PMID:Effects of short-term prenatal alcohol exposure on maze, activity, and olfactory orientation performance in rats. 370 92

The pharmacokinetics of IV ethanol (0.6 g/kg) were examined in 11 male colony-bred pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) aged 3 to 13 years. The animals were either chaired during blood sampling (4 hr) or connected to a tether system that allowed injections and blood sampling while the animal moved freely about its cage. In all instances, ethanol pharmacokinetics could be described by a single Michaelis-Menten function; inclusion of a parallel first-order rate constant to account for non-alcohol dehydrogenase elimination of ethanol did not improve the fit. Volume of distribution was 0.802 +/- 0.054 L/kg (mean +/- SD), Km (the apparent in vivo Michaelis constant) was 0.063 +/- 0.022 micrograms/ml, and Vmax was 0.199 +/- 0.039 g/kg/hr. The pharmacokinetic parameter values of chaired and tethered monkeys did not differ. Three of the tethered monkeys received 3 g/kg of ethanol daily for two weeks by IV infusion (subchronic administration). Ethanol pharmacokinetics, determined on five occasions before and five occasions after subchronic ethanol administration, showed that the treatment did not alter the volume of distribution or Km in any of the three monkeys. The value of Vmax increased approximately 23% in one of the three monkeys that received subchronic ethanol; this increase may have been due to a single, inadvertent administration of a 4.5-g/kg dose over a 20-min period. Vmax did not change in the other two monkeys.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of ethanol in pigtailed macaques: intersubject variability and effect of subchronic administration. 370 84

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between activity stress, alcohol consumption and ulcer proliferation. Ethanol consuming rats were initially divided into low, medium or high ethanol preferring groups on the basis of daily ethanol intake (g/kg/day). Following a habituation period in activity cages, animals were fed for 1 hr per day. Access to both water and ethanol remained ad lib. Yoked control home cage animals were fed the same amount of food consumed by their wheel-housed partners. This procedure continued until wheel-housed animals died, at which time they and their yoked home cage control partners were examined for ulcers. Results indicated that in contrast to the yoked controls, only the high ethanol-preferring rats reduced their ethanol consumption. Although no differences were apparent in ulcer frequency (mean number of ulcers per rat) or severity (mean cumulative ulcer length in millimeters), animals exposed to ethanol had a lower ulcer incidence (number of rats per group developing ulcers) and mortality rate than non-ethanol exposed animals.
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PMID:Activity stress effects on voluntary ethanol consumption, mortality and ulcer development in rats. 371 79


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