Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present experiments investigated the effects of the specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole, alone and in combination with a dopamine agonist, on motor function in rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigro-striatal pathway and on exploratory behaviour and cardiovascular function in rats equipped with telemetry transmitters. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist and the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists idazoxan and yohimbine were used as reference compounds. In the unilaterally lesioned animals, direct dopamine agonists, such as apomorphine, induce contralateral turning behaviour. Indirect agonists, such as amphetamine, induce ipsilateral circling in the animals. Atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg s.c) potentiated and dexmedetomidine (10 micro g/kg s.c.) decreased contralateral circling evoked by apomorphine (50 micro g/kg s.c.) and by l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, 5 mg/kg i.p.). Atipamezole also prolonged the duration of action of L-DOPA. Atipamezole dose-dependently induced ipsilateral turning behaviour and potentiated turning induced by amphetamine (1 mg/kg i.p.). The alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) partially antagonised the effect of amphetamine and had a strong inhibitory effect on the atipamezole-induced potentiation of the amphetamine response. Prazosin did not have any major effect on either the apomorphine response itself or on the potentiation of the apomorphine response by atipamezole. This suggests that atipamezole can modulate motor function both indirectly, by stimulating the release of noradrenaline and directly, by blocking postsynaptic alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in neurones other than noradrenergic nerves. The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists, when tested at comparably effective central alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonising doses in a rat mydriasis model: atipamezole 0.3 mg/kg s.c., idazoxan 1 mg/kg s.c. and yohimbine 3 mg/kg s.c., all induced ipsilateral turning behaviour and potentiated apomorphine-induced contralateral circling. The effects of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists were in general similar in these experiments. In habituated non-lesioned rats equipped with telemetry transmitters, apomorphine (50 micro g/kg s.c.) decreased blood pressure in the home cage and in an open-field test. It also decreased spontaneous motor activity in the open field. Neither atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) nor idazoxan (1 mg/kg s.c.) had any effect on blood pressure when given alone, but reversed the apomorphine-induced decrease in blood pressure. Atipamezole also diminished apomorphine-induced sedation in the open-field test. In conclusion, atipamezole improved the efficacy of L-DOPA and apomorphine in an animal model of Parkinson's disease and also reduced adverse dopaminergic effects on vigilance and on cardiovascular function. These results suggest that an investigation of the effects of specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists in Parkinson's disease patients is warranted.
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PMID:The alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole potentiates anti-Parkinsonian effects and can reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects of dopaminergic drugs in rats. 1456 51

There is currently no available information regarding the veterinary management of Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi), either in captivity or in the wild. In this study, 12 Sunda clouded leopards were anesthetized between January 2008 and February 2014 for medical exams, and/or GPS-collaring. Seven wild-caught individuals were kept in captivity and 5 free-ranging animals were captured by cage traps. Two anesthesia combinations were used: medetomidine-ketamine (M-K) or tiletamine-zolazepam (T-Z). Atipamezole (0.2 mg/kg im) was used as an antagonist for medetomidine. Medetomidine (range: 0.039-0.054 mg/kg) and ketamine (range: 3-4.39 mg/kg) were administered during 5 immobilizations, resulting in median induction times of 7 min. After a median anesthesia time of 56 min, atipamezole was injected, observing effects of antagonism at a median time of 12 min. T-Z (range: 6.8-10.8 mg/kg) was administered on 7 occasions. Median induction times observed with this combination were shorter than with M-K (4 min vs 7 min; P=0.04), and anesthesia and recovery times were significantly longer (244 and 35 min vs 56 and 16 min, respectively; P=0.02). Lower heart rates were measured in the M-K group, while lower rectal temperatures were found in the T-Z group. Both combinations resulted in safe and reliable immobilizations, although given the favorable anesthesia and recovery times of M-K, we recommend this approach over T-Z for the veterinary handling of Sunda clouded leopards.
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PMID:Chemical immobilization of free-ranging and captive Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) with two anesthetic protocols: medetomidine-ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam. 2890 61