Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The singlet and triplet states of the anthralin (1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone) dehydrodimer have been produced selectively in benzene via pulsed laser excitation and pulse radiolysis respectively. The lifetime of S1 is less than or equal to 30 ps, that of T1 short but unspecified. Both states fragment spontaneously to yield a pair of anthralin radicals. The singlet radical pair predominantly undergoes geminate recombination within the solvent cage. In contrast, the corresponding triplet radical pair undergoes essentially exclusive cage escape to give the anthralin free radical (lambda max 370, 490 and 720 nm) which recombines under normal diffusive conditions. Both recombination processes lead, at least in part, to one or more species which have been assigned as tautomeric forms of the original dimer. The anthralin free radical in benzene is insensitive to the vitamin E model 6-hydroxy-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman and reacts only slowly with oxygen.
 ...
PMID:Anthralin-derived transients--II. Formation of the radical by spontaneous fragmentation of both singlet and triplet states of the 10,10'-dehydrodimer: radical pair multiplicity effects. 221 48

Lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is thought to be derived from phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segment disc membranes. Based on this hypothesis, one would predict that the rate of lipofuscin deposition in the RPE would be proportional to the density of photoreceptor cells in the retina. In previous studies it was demonstrated that specific loss of photoreceptor cells due to a genetic defect resulted in a substantial decrease in the rate of age-related lipofuscin accumulation in the RPE. In order to confirm that this decreased RPE lipofuscin deposition was directly related to reduced photoreceptor cell density, experiments were conducted to determine whether light-induced photoreceptor cell destruction affected RPE lipofuscin content. The effects of retinal light damage on RPE autofluorescent pigment accumulation resulting from both normal aging and vitamin E deficiency were examined. Starting immediately after weaning, albino Fisher 344 rats were fed diets either containing or lacking vitamin E. All animals were maintained on a 12 hr/12 hr light/dark cycle. During the light phases of the cycles, the cage illuminance for one-half the animals in each dietary group was 750 lux, while the remaining rats were exposed to a light level of 15 lux. Illumination was provided by 40 watt cool-white fluorescent lamps. After 17 weeks, rats in both dietary groups that were maintained under the higher light intensity had substantially reduced photoreceptor cell densities relative to animals in the same dietary group maintained under dim light conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Retinal light damage reduces autofluorescent pigment deposition in the retinal pigment epithelium. 291 13

As we consider the epidemiologic evidence on diet-cancer associations, we should keep in mind the geographical differences in cancer incidence that stimulated us to look for a diet-cancer link in the first place. For many cancers, the variation in geographic incidence is in the range of an order of magnitude (see Table 2). Thus, if variation in dietary components are primarily responsible for these huge geographic variations in cancer incidence, then the effect of dietary components will not be subtle. Based on the magnitude of geographic variation, one might be primed to look for large differences in cancer incidence associated with different dietary intakes--relative risks of two or greater. This is not to say that a true relative risk of 1.2 or 0.8 for cancer associated with some dietary habit is not potentially important, but it will not get us very far along the way of explaining the geographic variation. The recommendation of the National Research Council is the consumption of five servings of fruit and vegetables daily. This level of consumption would place one in the "high consumption" group in most of the epidemiological studies showing a strong association between fruit and vegetable intake and cancer. Unfortunately, only 10% of the U.S. population actually consumes the recommended amount. Conversely, 20% to 35% of the U.S. population consume levels of fruits and vegetables that put them in the "low consumption" groups. Although causality cannot be established, the evidence is overwhelming that some constituent(s) of fruits and vegetables is (are) protective; low intake carries a greater than two-fold risk of cancer. The risk of cancer associated with low fruit or vegetable consumption may only be exceeded by that of smoking. In the typical diet in the United States, the main source of antioxidant nutrients vitamin C, carotenoids, and vitamin E comes from fruit and vegetable consumption. Without a complete understanding of the mechanism for the effect of fruits and vegetables or antioxidants, the epidemiologic evidence strongly supports the clinical benefits that can be achieved by promotion of consumption (Table 5).
 ...
PMID:Diet, aging, and cancer. 855 88

Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between nutrition and cervical cancer is reviewed. Cervical cancer is the leading cancer among women in many developing countries, and remains a major public health problem worldwide. This review of nutritional research on cervical neoplasia encompasses the range of epithelial abnormalities from early preneoplastic lesions to invasive cancer. Identified risk factors for cervical neoplasia suggest a multifactorial etiology with several cancer-associated human papillomaviruses (HPV) as the central cause. Studies of nutritional predictors of cervical neoplasia to date, however, have been limited by inadequate HPV measures, which compromise the interpretations of findings. Current research using accurate measures of HPV will be most revealing. Nonetheless, agreement in findings from previous studies suggest a role for nutritional factors in some or all stages of cervical neoplasia. Low vitamin C and carotenoid status are associated fairly consistently with both cervical cancer and precursors, whereas results for vitamin E status are less consistent. The effect of folate status may be restricted to early preneoplastic cervical lesions and not to more advanced disease. Current research is addressing nutritional influences on HPV infection and persistence and on progression of cervical disease. Limitations and recommendations for future research directions are discussed in light of methodologic issues related to nutritional and HPV research.
 ...
PMID:Nutrition and cervical neoplasia. 885 Apr 40

Poly(etherurethane) elastomers are useful materials in medical devices because of their mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, it is necessary to stabilize these elastomers against the oxidation of their ether soft segments. Synthetic antioxidants such as Santowhite and Irganox are often satisfactory; however, particularly for biomedical applications, it was of interest to test the natural antioxidant vitamin E in poly(etherurethane urea) (PEUU) elastomers in vivo. The alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E was added to PEUU at 5% by weight. Biaxially strained PEUU specimens with and without vitamin E were tested in vivo in the cage implant system. The influence of vitamin E on PEUU biostability was analyzed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) characterization of the PEUU surface. ATR-FTIR results showed that vitamin E prevented chemical degradation of the PEUU surface up to 5 weeks implantation, and at 10 weeks 82% of the ether remained. In contrast, without an antioxidant, only 18% of the ether remained after 10 weeks. No surface pitting or cracking was observed by SEM on PEUU with vitamin E; PEUU without antioxidant ruptured owing to extensive pitting and cracking. It was concluded that the antioxidant properties of vitamin E prevented oxidation of strained PEUU elastomers in vivo. The influence of vitamin E on PEUU biocompatibility was characterized by exudate leukocyte counts, density of leukocytes adherent to the PEUU, and morphology of adherent leukocytes. These results indicated decreased leukocyte counts in the exudate and less active adherent cells on the PEUU with vitamin E compared to PEUU without antioxidant. A proposed cell-polymer feedback system demonstrates how vitamin E improves both biostability and biocompatibility of PEUU elastomers in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Vitamin E as an antioxidant for poly(etherurethane urea): in vivo studies. Student Research Award in the Doctoral Degree Candidate Category, Fifth World Biomaterials Congress (22nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials), Toronto, Canada, May 29-June 2, 1996. 895 38

Vitamin E (+/-alpha-tocopherol) was recently investigated as an antioxidant for implanted poly(etherurethane urea) (PEUU) elastomers. In that work, vitamin E prevented chemical degradation of biaxially strained PEUU up to 5 weeks implantation, and prevented pitting and cracking of the PEUU surface for the duration of the 10-week cage implant study. The promising results of the in vivo studies motivated a detailed comparison of vitamin E with Santowhite, the standard antioxidant used in PEUU elastomers. To evaluate vitamin E and Santowhite as antioxidants in PEUU, an accelerated in vitro treatment system was used that mimics the in vivo degradation of PEUUs. Vitamin E was even more effective than Santowhite in preventing pitting and cracking to the biaxially strained PEUU elastomers. The inhibition of ether oxidation was greater with vitamin E than with Santowhite when compared by equivalent concentrations and molar concentrations, respectively. It is hypothesized that the increased effectiveness of vitamin E in this system, compared to Santowhite, is due to differences in antioxidant mechanism(s). Vitamin E is more efficient in preventing PEUU oxidation than Santowhite because its phenoxy radical is more stable and it can terminate more than one chain per vitamin E molecule.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of two antioxidants for poly(etherurethane urea) in an accelerated in vitro biodegradation system. 905 33

Several earlier case-control studies reported inverse associations of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) with high dietary or biomarker levels of carotenoids, folate, and vitamins C and E. However, most studies did not measure the primary causal factor, cancer-associated genital human papillomaviruses (HPV), now detected by sensitive viral DNA tests. This nested case-control study assessed whether high dietary intakes of these nutrients, plus zinc and vitamin A, reduced SIL risk in cancer-associated HPV DNA-positive women. Using a 60-item food-frequency questionnaire, nutrient estimates were obtained for 33 incident cases with high-grade lesions, 121 with low-grade lesions, 97 with equivocal SIL, and 806 cytologically normal controls sampled from a large prospective cohort study. Baseline cervicovaginal lavages were tested for HPV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Among DNA-positive cases (n = 68) and controls (n = 69), age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of SIL in the highest vs. the lowest nutrient quartiles were 1.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5-4.2] for vitamin A, 0.6 (CI = 0.2-2.0) for beta-carotene, 1.3 (CI = 0.4-3.6) for vitamin C, 1.0 (CI = 0.4-3.6) for vitamin E, 0.7 (CI = 0.3-2.1) for folate, and 0.8 (CI = 0.3-2.2) for zinc. ORs in HPV DNA-negative women approximated 1.0, with the exception of vitamin E (OR = 0.5, CI = 0.3-0.9). These results do not support a protective role for the above nutrients against low-grade or equivocal SIL, which constituted the majority of diagnoses in this study.
 ...
PMID:A nested case-control study of dietary factors and the risk of incident cytological abnormalities of the cervix. 958 31

Vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) was evaluated for its effects on performance, lymphocyte proliferation, and antioxidation in layers during heat stress. In Trial 1, 25, 45, or 65 IU of vitamin E/kg were fed to four replicated pens (five hens/cage) of DeKalb Delta or Hy-Line W-36 per treatment starting at 20 wk of age. At 34 wk of age, hens were heat-stressed at diurnal temperature ranging from 21 C to 35 C for 3 wk. The performances of hens not exposed to heat stress were not influenced by supplemental vitamin E. Supplemental vitamin E did not affect egg production; however, egg mass was greater (P < 0.05) with supplementation of 65 IU of vitamin E/ kg during heat stress. Egg yolk was significantly increased (P < 0.04) when hens were fed 45 and 65 lU/kg compared with the control vitamin E level (25 lU/kg). Haugh units were higher (P < 0.01) for hens fed 65 IU of vitamin E/kg compared to 25 and 45 lU/kg. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were greater (P < 0.0001) in hens fed 45 and 65 IU of vitamin E/kg during heat stress. Strain had no effect on any of the parameters measured. In Trial 2, a 2 x 2 factorial was designed to test effects of vitamin C in drinking water (0 and 1,000 ppm) and dietary vitamin E (25 and 65 IU/kg). Eight replications per treatment with four hens per replication cage were heat-stressed at constant temperature of 35 C for 3 wk. Egg production and egg mass were higher when hens were fed 65 IU of vitamin E/kg than when hens were fed 25 lU/kg (81.5 vs. 75.9%, P < 0.03 and 48.2 vs. 44.6 g, P < 0.03, respectively). Yolk solids weight for the 65 IU vitamin E/kg group was higher (P < 0.01) compared to the 25 IU/kg group. ConA and LPS mitogenic responses were greater in hens fed 65 IU of vitamin E (P < 0.001 or P < 0.003, respectively) or 1,000 ppm of vitamin C (P < 0.001 or P < 0.002, respectively). The combination of 65 IU vitamin E/kg and 1,000 ppm vitamin C showed the highest ConA and LPS mitogenic responses among the treatments. No interaction effects of the two vitamins on production measurements or lymphocyte proliferative responses were observed. TBA values in egg yolk and plasma of hens fed 65 IU of vitamin E/kg were lower (P < 0.0001) than those of hens that received 25 IU of vitamin E/kg. These results suggest that vitamin E supplementation at 65 IU/kg diet may enhance production, induction of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation by ConA and LPS, and antioxidant properties of egg yolks and plasma of White Leghorn hens during heat stress and that supplementation of 1,000 ppm vitamin C may further enhance in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses of hens during heat stress.
 ...
PMID:Effects of vitamin E and C supplementation on performance, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, and antioxidant status of laying hens during heat stress. 1149 72

Supplementation of hen diets with vitamin E was investigated as a means to alleviate egg quality deterioration associated with high temperature exposure. One hundred eighty layers (60 birds/diet) were randomly placed on diets supplemented with vitamin E at 20, 60, and 120 IU/kg feed. After 2 wk on feed, one-half of the birds were maintained at environmental temperatures of 21 C, whereas the other half were acclimated over 3 d to increasing environmental temperatures reaching 34 C. Birds were exposed to 21 or 34 C for 2 wk (five hens per cage x six replications). Egg production, feed intake, and egg weights were determined daily. Twenty eggs were collected from each treatment group and analyzed for vitamin E content in yolk, percentage egg solids, yolk color, yolk pH, albumen pH, foaming ability of albumen proteins, emulsification capacity of yolk, yolk viscosity, yolk color, and vitelline membrane strength (VMS). Results suggested that high temperature exposure (HTE) caused a reduction in feed intake, egg production, Haugh units, egg weights, VMS, yolk and albumen solids, foam stability, angel cake volume, yolk color, and emulsification capacity. Supplementation of HTE hen diets with 60 IU vitamin E/kg feed improved feed intake, egg production, VMS, yolk and albumen solids, foam stability, and angel cake volume. However, egg weight, emulsification capacity, yolk color, yolk index, and yolk viscosity were not improved by vitamin E supplementation of HTE hens. Vitamin E levels in the yolk were lower from HTE hens compared with controls at all levels of vitamin E supplementation.
 ...
PMID:The efficacy of vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) supplementation in hen diets to alleviate egg quality deterioration associated with high temperature exposure. 1155 26

Successful treatment of one Grade IlI and two Grade IV pressure sores on two female Macaca fascicularis, subsequent to a T11 hemilaminectomy and left spinal cord hemisection, was achieved through a combined strategy of wound care, diet, and husbandry. Wound care consisted of early and thorough debridement of all necrotic tissue, initial twice daily cleaning with an iodine scrub and application of a multi-ingredient ointment. Tissue hydrolyzer, a drying agent, vitamin E, ground selenium, and topical antibiotics were applied to the wound during the respective 45- and 46-day courses of treatment. Oral antibiotics were administered; vitamins C and E, and selenium were increased in the diet. No infection occurred and both animals recovered fully to complete the study. Importantly, pressure sores in subsequent study animals were prevented by post-operative padding of the perch with towel-covered foam and placement of a wheelchair cushion on the floor of the cage.
 ...
PMID:Multi-tiered treatment of pressure sores in two cynomologous macaques (Macaca fascicularis). 1199 Feb 44


1 2 3 4 Next >>