Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated during bilateral supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz from surface stimulating electrodes was compared with pressures obtained from needle electrodes inserted under local anaesthesia. Surface electrodes were used to obtain diaphragmatic electromyograms and magnetometers to monitor rib cage and abdominal configuration. Twitch Pdi was recorded at functional residual capacity in three normal subjects. Mean (SD) twitch Pdi in the three subjects during stimulation with surface electrodes was 19.4 (1.8), 22.5 (1.1), and 29.3 (2.2) cm H2O compared with 12.9 (1.5), 17:4 (1.3), and 22.6 (3.0) cm H2O with needle stimulating electrodes. Thus phrenic nerve stimulation with needle electrodes was more complicated and more invasive than stimulation with surface electrodes and resulted in lower transdiaphragmatic pressures.
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PMID:Measurement of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure: surface versus needle electrode stimulation. 194 98

Transdiaphragmatic pressure was recorded during bilateral supramaximal percutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz (twitch Pdi) to investigate the effect of lung volume and rib cage configuration on diaphragm contractility in man. Stimulations were performed in 5 normal supine subjects at resting end expiration (FRC) and at lung volumes above and below FRC, during relaxation against a closed airway and during isovolume manoeuvres. Twitch Pdi at FRC was 24.4 cm H2O. At lung volumes above FRC, twitch Pdi decreased by 7.04 +/- 3.2 cm H2O per litre of volume change. At lung volumes below FRC, twitch Pdi increased by 12.4 +/- 8.6 cm H2O per litre of volume change. When the diaphragm was lengthened during an isovolume manoeuvre at FRC, twitch Pdi increased. A similar relationship between lung volume and twitch Pdi was obtained during stimulations performed with abdominal binding. These results demonstrate that the pressure developed by the diaphragm during phrenic nerve stimulation is significantly affected both by increases and decreases in lung volume and by the rib cage configuration at which stimulation is performed.
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PMID:Influence of lung volume and rib cage configuration on transdiaphragmatic pressure during phrenic nerve stimulation in man. 221

The effect of lung volume and thoracoabdominal shape on the transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdit) amplitude was evaluated in six volunteers during airway occlusion. Twitch stimulation was applied through fine wire electrodes implanted near both phrenic nerves. Stimulations were tolerated with little discomfort and constant phrenic nerve responses were maintained for hours. At FRC the group mean Pdit was 31.4 cm H2O (range, 19 to 36 cm H2O), and its coefficient of variation ranged between 2 and 5% in individual subjects. At 1 L above FRC, the Pdit decreased a mean of 7.8 cm H2O (range, 2.8 to 11.9 cm H2O). This change was caused primarily by a decrease in esophageal pressure amplitude. The shape of the relaxed chest wall was altered by loading the rib cage with a force of 5 to 9 kg. Load and shape had little effect on Pdit independently of lung volume. Our modified technique of phrenic nerve stimulation through small wire electrodes is ideally suited for longitudinal intervention studies in patients. We conclude that the variability of Pdit with shape is small compared with its expected decrease with lung volume.
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PMID:Transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure. Effects of lung volume and chest wall shape. 292 64

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) was diagnosed in six cats during a three-year period, based on clinical, radiographic and laboratory findings. Clinical signs were attributable to severe osteopenia (n = 5) and hypocalcaemia (n = 4), which had resulted in spontaneous fractures of long bones, scapulae, pelvis, nasal bones, or spine, and in excitation, muscle twitching or seizures, respectively. Serum parathormone levels were markedly elevated, and 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 mildly elevated, whereas 25(OH)-vitamin D3 was mildly decreased compared to age-matched healthy cats. Treatment was limited to short-term parenteral calcium gluconate injections, as clinically indicated, a balanced diet and cage rest, which resulted in quick clinical recovery in four cases. The remaining two cats had to be euthanased because of progressive neurological deficits secondary to spinal fractures. At the time of writing, a multitude of commercial balanced diets is widely available and diseases secondary to dietary deficiencies have become rare. Nevertheless, NSH is still an important clinical entity, and should be considered in growing cats presenting with spontaneous fractures or seizures.
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PMID:Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in six cats. 1064 98

Because patients who fail a trial of weaning from mechanical ventilation experience a marked increase in respiratory load, we hypothesized that these patients develop diaphragmatic fatigue. Accordingly, we measured twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure using phrenic nerve stimulation in 11 weaning failure and 8 weaning success patients. Measurements were made before and 30 minutes after spontaneous breathing trials that lasted up to 60 minutes. Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure was 8.9 +/- 2.2 cm H2O before the trials and 9.4 +/- 2.4 cm H2O after their completion in the weaning failure patients (p = 0.17); the corresponding values in the weaning success patients were 10.3 +/- 1.5 and 11.2 +/- 1.8 cm H2O (p = 0.18). Despite greater load (p = 0.04) and diaphragmatic effort (p = 0.01), the weaning failure patients did not develop low-frequency fatigue probably because of greater recruitment of rib cage and expiratory muscles (p = 0.004) and because clinical signs of distress mandating the reinstitution of mechanical ventilation arose before the development of fatigue. Twitch pressure revealed considerable diaphragmatic weakness in many weaning failure patients. In conclusion, in contrast to our hypothesis, weaning failure was not accompanied by low-frequency fatigue of the diaphragm, although many weaning failure patients displayed diaphragmatic weakness.
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PMID:Is weaning failure caused by low-frequency fatigue of the diaphragm? 1466 58

Neisseria meningitidis is the causative agent of epidemic meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia. Type IV pili are surface organelles that mediate a variety of functions, including adhesion, twitching motility, and competence for DNA binding and uptake in transformation. The secretin PilQ is required for type IV pilus expression at the cell surface, and forms a dodecameric cage-like macromolecular complex in the meningococcal outer membrane. PilQ-null mutants are devoid of surface pili, and prevailing evidence suggests that the PilQ complex facilitates extrusion and retraction of type IV pili across the outer membrane. Defining the orientation of the meningococcal PilQ complex in the membrane is a prerequisite for understanding the structure-function relationships of this important protein in pilus biology. In order to begin to define the topology of the PilQ complex in the outer membrane, polyhistidine insertions in N- and C-terminal regions of PilQ were constructed, and their subcellular locations examined. Notably, the insertion epitopes at residues 205 and 678 were located within the periplasm, whereas residue 656 was exposed at the outer surface of the outer membrane. Using electron microscopy with Ni-NTA gold labelling, it was demonstrated that the insertion at residue 205 within the N-terminus mapped to a site on the arm-like features of the 3D structure of the PilQ multimer. Interestingly, mutation of the same region gave rise to an increase in vancomycin permeability through the PilQ complex. The results yield novel information on the PilQ N-terminal location and function in the periplasm, and reveal a complex organization of the membrane-spanning secretin in vivo.
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PMID:Topology of the outer-membrane secretin PilQ from Neisseria meningitidis. 1715 26

Research of analgesic action of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) of red (1 = 640 +/- 30 nm) and infra-red (1 = 880 +/- 30 nm) light-emitting diodes of device "MEDOLIGHT" on a tonic and acute pain of white outbreed male mice is carried out. The tonic pain was caused by hypodermic injection of 20 ml of 5% formalin solution in a back surface pad of a hinder leg. Acupuncture point (AP) E-36 or the center of pain were exposed to the action of red or infrared light-emitting diodes in cumulative density of steam radiation capacity during 10 min by 26 mWt/ cm2 in continuous or pulse regimen for frequencies 10, 600, 8000 Hz. Quantitative intensity of a painful syndrome was estimated by average group duration or quantity of painful (licking of the center of a pain, twitching of a hinder leg) and non-painful (dream, grooming, eating) behaviour manifistation of animals for the certain intervals of observation. Sensitivity of animals to acute pain--"a painful threshold"--was deter- mined in experiences with "an electric floor" on size of the electric voltage caused vocalization. The analgesic action both continuous, and pulse light-emitting diode EMWs, features of their action in relation to the place of the application and modes of influence were shown. Thus, the continuous stimulation of AP E-36 only by red EMW decreased the duration of pain paw licking on 33% and quantities of twitching of animals paw on 37% while the duration of grooming, dream, and consumption of feed raised. Such changes of painful and nonpainful behaviour unequivocally specify reduction of a tonic pain. Combined action of red and infrared EMWs caused diverse changes of painful reactions of animals and increase of extremity hyperemia. Thus at summary action of EMWs on AP E-36 of mice the long increase of painful sensitivity was observed. Exposure of EMWs to the center of a pain reduced the intensity of painful reactions of mice on 30% in average, time of their movings in a cage increased twice and duration of dream increased by 39%. Thus, summary action of red and infrared EMWs on AP E-36 promoted only to improvement of a blood circulation and increase painful sensitivity. In experiments with a tonic pain the summary pulse action on AP E-36 of the red and infrared EMWs with frequencies 10, 600, 8000 Hz reduced twice quantity of paw twitchings of animals with pain. The greatest efficiency in suppression of tonic pain syndrome observed for frequencies of 10 and 8000 Hz. The data received testify that the hypoanalgesic effect of light-emitting diode EMWs depends on area of influence, lengths of wave and the modes of an irradiation chosen in view of intensity and duration of stimulation.
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PMID:[Action of the red and infrared electromagnetic waves of light-emitting diodes on the behavioral manifestation of somatic pain]. 1772 44

To assess the development of inspiratory and expiratory muscle fatigue during normocapnic hyperpnoea, we studied fourteen healthy men performing 8min hyperpnoea, 6min pause, 8min hyperpnoea, etc., until task failure. Twitch transdiaphragmatic (P(di,tw)) and gastric (P(ga,tw)) pressures were measured during cervical and thoracic magnetic nerve stimulation, before hyperpnoea, after every 8min of hyperpnoea, and at task failure (i.e., at 25.3+/-4.7min). P(di,tw) decreased during the first 16min (-28+/-7%, p<0.001) and P(ga,tw) during the first 8min (-20+/-7%, p<0.001) of hyperpnoea without further change until task failure. During inspiration, the pressure-time-product of oesophageal pressure (PTP(oes)) increased relative to PTP(di) during the first 16min (+11+/-21%, p<0.05). Similarly, during expiration, PTP(oes) increased relative to PTP(ga) during the first 8min (+10+/-16%, p<0.05). Also, blood lactate concentration and respiratory sensations significantly increased during the first 8min (+1.0+/-0.5mmoll(-1), p<0.001) and 16min (breathlessness +1.6+/-1.8 points, respiratory effort +5.9+/-2.2points, p<0.001), respectively. We conclude that, during hyperpnoea, contractile fatigue of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles develops long before task failure and may trigger an increased recruitment of rib cage muscles.
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PMID:Development of respiratory muscle contractile fatigue in the course of hyperpnoea. 1880 66