Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 57-year-old male patient, recently known with an anal carcinoma with inguinal lymph node involvement, was admitted because of anorexia, nausea, vomiting and constipation. On physical examination the patient was dehydrated, and a systolic murmur, grade III/VI, punctum maximum apex cordis, was heard. Serum calcium was raised (4.50 mmol/l), as was the serum creatinine (328 mumol/l). Both values had been normal 14 days before admission. Serum parathormone was suppressed. A bone scan did not reveal evident lesions in the skeleton. FDG-PET scan showed uptake of the tracer into the bone marrow. A bone biopsy showed metastasis of a squamous cell carcinoma. Shortly after that the patient died. Hypercalcaemia is associated with cancer. Colorectal/anal carcinomas have a low incidence of hypercalcaemia. The prognosis of patients with cancer associated with hypercalcaemia is poor.
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PMID:[Clinical thinking and decision making in practice. A patient with anal cancer and hypercalcemia]. 1110 69

Loss of appetite and weight predict a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Although caloric supplementation might benefit subgroups of patients--specifically, perioperative, severely malnourished cancer patients, stem cell and bone marrow transplant patients and head and neck cancer patients--its use remains controversial and is not recommended for the majority of patients with cancer-associated weight loss. Most patients with advanced cancer, anorexia, and/or weight loss do not appear to benefit from nutritional supplementation. Instead, discussions with patients and families about realistic eating goals ans, at time armacologic interventions with progestational agents or corticosteroids--both of which are aimed at palliating anorexia--provide clinical benefit. Other phamalogic interventions such as eicosapentaenoic acid, thalidomide (Thalomid), adenosine triphosphate and nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory agents focus on the fact that cancer-assciated weight loss is an enitty dintinct for simple starvation These interventions promise to replenish lean tissue but require further investigation before they can be recommndedas standard clinical practice.
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PMID:Current management of cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss. 1134 35

To test whether activity-based anorexia (ABA) still occurs after preadaptation to the feeding schedule, 20 rats were first exposed to a feeding schedule of one 90-min meal per day until adaptation occurred (measured by maintenance of stable body weight). Then, during ABA training, half the rats (wheel group) were confined in running wheels except during the daily meal, and half (cage group) were not. Wheel running suppressed feeding--that is, food intake in the wheel group was less than that in the cage group. Also, the rats in the wheel group lost weight, whereas those in the cage group did not. Wheel running increased over days. Thus, the defining characteristics of ABA were evident in rats that were not subjected to ABA training until after they had become well adapted to the feeding schedule. These findings support the view that the suppression of feeding produced by wheel running triggers the vicious circle of ABA. They also cast doubt on the hypothesis that activity-induced interference with adaptation to the feeding schedule plays a key role in causing ABA.
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PMID:Preadaptation to the feeding schedule does not eliminate activity-based anorexia in rats. 1154 10

Two cage birds, a two-month-old Fisher's lovebird (Agapornis fischeri) and a one-year-old budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), manifested clinical symptoms with general weakness, loss of appetite and ruffled feathers, then died. Pathological findings revealed a large quantity of yellowish-white pseudomembrane on the mucosal membrane of the esophagus and crop in these two birds. Histopathologically, blastospores (5.5 microm long x 3.4 microm wide) and pseudohyphae were detected in the lesions of conspicuous parakeratosis and moderate acanthosis in the stratified squamous epithelium. These two birds were diagnosed as having had candidiasis.
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PMID:Occurrences of candidiasis in a Fisher's lovebird and a budgerigar. 1155 56

Fatigue is prominent in cancer patients and probably multifactorial in origin. Factors contributing to fatigue include anemia, weight loss, fever, pain, medication, and infection. In cancer patients, many of these factors are influenced by a frequently disrupted balance between endogenous cytokine levels and their natural antagonists. Indeed, cancer cells and the immune system appear to overexpress a range of cytokines in patients with malignancies. Some of these cytokines act as autocrine or paracrine growth factors for the neoplastic tissue while simultaneously causing secondary symptoms related to fatigue. For instance, cancer-associated anemia may be due to a blunted erythropoietin response and/or cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]), which suppress erythropoiesis. Cancerous cachexia, a wasting syndrome and a hallmark of cancer, can be attributed to loss of appetite or enhanced energy expenditure. Several different interleukins, as well as TNF, interferon-gamma, and leukemia inhibitory factor, act as cachectins in animal models. Similarly, fever and night sweats are influenced by pyrogenic cytokines. Recently, molecules that function as cytokine antagonists have been identified. These molecules may be exploitable in combating the components of cancer-related fatigue, and may inhibit tumor growth as well.
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PMID:The role of cytokines in cancer-related fatigue. 1159 87

Megestrol acetate improves appetite and abrogates weight loss in some patients with advanced cancer. Moreover, preliminary studies suggest that progestational agents down-regulate interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine widely implicated in cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss. The present investigation examined the effects of megestrol acetate on IL-6 in an attempt to confirm these earlier, preliminary studies. The translational component of a large multi-institutional trial, this investigation examined 85 patients with advanced cancer and weight loss. Patients had been randomly assigned to receive megestrol acetate liquid suspension 800 mg/day + placebo tablets, or oral dronabinol tablets 2.5 mg b.i.d. + liquid placebo, or both agents. Other testing included serial physician-reported weight and patient-reported appetite and global quality of life. We found no significant differences in 1-month changes in serum IL-6 according to whether patients had been treated with megestrol acetate, dronabinol, or the combination: the mean differences +/- standard deviation were -1.52+/-4.7 pg/ml, -0.62+/-3.5 pg/ml, and -0.2+/-3.1 pg/ml, respectively (P=0.40, by one-way ANOVA). Among the patients who noted alterations in their appetite over 1 month, we observed no significant changes in IL-6. Finally, changes in serum IL-6 were not associated with shifts in weight or global quality of life. Our investigation provides no evidence that megestrol acetate down-regulates IL-6 in patients with cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss.
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PMID:Does megestrol acetate down-regulate interleukin-6 in patients with cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss? A North Central Cancer Treatment Group investigation. 1232 13

Appendiceal cancer associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is a relatively low-grade malignancy rarely associated with extraperitoneal metastasis. We report herein the case of a 71-year-old man in whom a metastasis was found in the stomach 2 years after he underwent surgery for pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal cancer. He was referred to our hospital after presenting with anorexia and vomiting. Gastrofiberscopy, abdominal computed tomography, and ultrasound examination all revealed a mass 4 x 4cm in size, containing a small ulcer, in the antrum of the greater curvature of the stomach. The histopathological diagnosis made from a biopsy of the tumor was mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. A distal partial gastrectomy was performed and the resected specimens from the appendiceal cancer resected 2 years earlier showed the same histological pattern as that of the gastric lesion. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second report of pseudomyxoma peritonei secondary to mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix that metastasized to the stomach.
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PMID:Pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal cancer with metastasis to the stomach: report of a case. 1210 84

Cachexia--a wasting condition--seriously impairs the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. Previous studies have shown that several inflammatory cytokines mediate the development of cancer-associated cachexia. Experimentally, cachexia-like symptoms can be induced in tumor-bearing mice and treatment of such mice with chemotherapeutic agents reverses cachexia as a result of its therapeutic action. Nonetheless, cancer chemotherapy occasionally induces anorexia as an adverse reaction. For example, treatment with antitubulin taxanes reduces body weight in tumor-bearing mice more than healthy mice, even when the agents significantly reduce tumor growth. However, the complex relationship between cancer cachexia and the effects of anticancer drugs remains to be elucidated. This review outlines what is known about the development of cachectic reactions, especially in tumor-bearing mice, that occur during treatment with anticancer agents and highlights the clinical relevance of the information.
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PMID:Anticancer drugs that induce cancer-associated cachectic syndromes. 1211 61

Patients with cancer frequently report gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. A reduction of the severity of some of these symptoms would benefit the patient by enhancing quality of life and improving their treatment. Forty-eight patients (25 female and 23 male; mean age 63 +/- 11 years) with a minimum two-week history of cancer-associated gastrointestinal symptoms were assigned to a single, open-label treatment group and received controlled-release metoclopramide 20 mg-80 mg q12h for a maximum period of 12 weeks (mean 46 +/- 35 days). There was a 40%-60% decrease in the severity of nausea over the first two weeks of treatment, and an approximate 50% reduction in severity of vomiting over the first four weeks of treatment. Appetite and bloating also improved, although smaller and less consistent changes were observed. Patient ratings of overall clinical effectiveness with respect to relief from symptoms and tolerability of side effects indicated that controlled-release metoclopramide was highly and moderately effective in 36% and 30% of the patients, respectively. Controlled-release metoclopramide is a useful treatment for the management of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the cancer-associated dyspepsia syndrome including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and bloating.
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PMID:Long-term safety and clinical effectiveness of controlled-release metoclopramide in cancer-associated dyspepsia syndrome: a multicentre evaluation. 1216 5

Cachexia is a common manifestation of late stage malignancy and is characterized by anemia, anorexia, muscle wasting, loss of adipose tissue, and fatigue. Although cachexia is disabling and can diminish the life expectancy of cancer patients, there are still no effective therapies for this condition. We have examined the feasibility of using a myogenic plasmid to express growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in severely debilitated companion dogs with naturally occurring tumors. At a median of 16 days after intramuscular delivery of the plasmid, serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a measure of GHRH activity, were increased in 12 of 16 dogs (P < 0.01). These increases ranged from 21 to 120% (median, 49%) of the pretreatment values and were generally sustained or higher on the final evaluation. Anemia resolved posttreatment, as indicated by significant increases in mean red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentrations, and there was also a significant rise in the percentage of circulating lymphocytes. Treated dogs maintained their weights over the 56-day study and did not show any adverse effects from the GHRH gene transfer. We conclude that intramuscular injection of a GHRH-expressing plasmid is both safe and capable of stimulating the release of growth hormone and IGF-I in large animals. The observed anabolic responses to a single dose of this therapy might be beneficial in patients with cancer-associated anemia and cachexia.
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PMID:Effects of plasmid-mediated growth hormone-releasing hormone in severely debilitated dogs with cancer. 1249 79


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