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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is a need to improve the diagnosis of alcoholism in clinical settings because alcoholism, particularly in its early stages, is often unrecognized in general medical practice and in hospitals. In this study the CAGE questionnaire was used to detect alcoholism or heavy drinking in three populations, namely, alcoholics in treatment (ALC), primary-care outpatients (PC), and the general population (GP). Nearly all the ALC tested positive on the CAGE (97.8%), both for current (past year) and for lifetime alcohol-related problems. Among the PC subjects, 44.8% tested positive for lifetime alcohol problems, but the prevalence decreased to 17.2% when only past-year problems were considered. Likewise, 38.3% of the GP sample tested positive for lifetime, but half of these did not meet the 1-year recency criterion. Compared to DSM-III-R criteria during the same time intervals, the sensitivity/specificity of the lifetime CAGE was 91.2%/84.0% and 76.9%/85.1% in the PC and GP, respectively. The corresponding sensitivity/specificity of the past-year CAGE was 94.4%/97.0% and 74.6%/91.6%, respectively. Thus, the CAGE is an appropriate screening test for alcohol problems in these two populations, but other confirmatory tests or interviews are necessary to eliminate false positives. There were neither gender nor racial differences in the ALC sample responses to individual CAGE questions. However, there were gender differences in the PC and GP samples, with more males responding yes to each of the questions. The gender differences probably reflected the higher prevalence of heavy drinking and alcoholism among males.
J Subst Abuse 1994
PMID:Detection by the CAGE of alcoholism or heavy drinking in primary care outpatients and the general population. 780 13

The linkage of the gender mix of occupations to drinking patterns has been suggested by Wilsnack and Wilsnack (1991). Using a national sample of American workers, associations among gender, the gender mix of occupations, occupation, and drinking variables were explored. The results suggest that the relationship between the gender mix of occupations and drinking variables operates through opportunities to drink with coworkers. Gender mix is associated with opportunities to drink with coworkers. Opportunities to drink with coworkers are, in turn, associated with whether respondents drink, who they are with when they drink, average number of drinks per month, and CAGE scores. Gender is associated with opportunities to drink with coworkers, drinks per month, and CAGE scores. Occupation is associated with opportunities to drink with coworkers, drinking patterns, and problem drinking. Further elaboration of the mechanisms linking the gender mix of occupations and drinking patterns is warranted.
J Subst Abuse 1993
PMID:Drinking patterns and the gender mix of occupations: evidence from a national survey of American workers. 840 Aug 38

The purpose of this descriptive study was to characterize the nicotine and alcohol use of African American women who smoke crack. Particular attention was paid to treatment status and whether treatment influenced perceptions of alcohol addiction and nicotine consumption. Two hundred and eight African American women who smoke crack comprised the convenience sample. One hundred and fifty-two women were in drug treatment, and the rest were "on the streets" still using crack cocaine. In a 3-hr interview, women were asked about their drug and alcohol use, family, and social, health, and drug-related behaviors. All women were administered the CAGE and asked questions about their nicotine use. There were no statistical differences between treatment and nontreatment groups on the CAGE or on smoking. As expected, women in treatment were significantly more likely to report that their behaviors were indicative of an alcohol addiction, although they did not differ from the nontreatment group in potential problems identified by the CAGE.
J Subst Abuse 1996
PMID:Nicotine and alcohol abuse in African American women who smoke crack cocaine. 905 58

The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive as well as brief screening questionnaire by combining the well-known instruments CAGE and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) in detecting patients with alcohol dependence or abuse in general hospitals and general practices. The number of items was reduced by means of logistic regression and item analysis based on data of 1,167 consecutive admissions of a general hospital who completed both questionnaires. Further data were derived from a sample of 774 patients from 10 randomly selected general practices. A solution with nine items was validated in a second sample of 436 hospital inpatients. In all three samples, cases screening positive were interviewed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry to provide ICD-10 and DSM-III-R or DSM-IV diagnosis. In addition, 103 subjects with negative screening results were interviewed in the second general hospital sample. On grounds of the data of all three samples, a solution of seven items was chosen. This instrument comprises two CAGE and five MAST questions (Leubeck Alcohol Dependence and Abuse Screening Test; LAST) and was significantly higher in sensitivity than CAGE and SMAST. Data were robust in all three samples. It is concluded that the LAST is an optimized instrument for use in general hospital and general practice.
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PMID:Development of a screening questionnaire for the general hospital and general practices. 926 40

Alcohol consumption is a primary or secondary factor in many work-related accidents, suicides, homicides, violent crimes, and motor vehicle accidents. The absentee rate in alcoholics is 3.8 to 8. 3 times greater than that for nonalcoholic workers. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of two interview questionnaires-the Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (BMAST) and the CAGE (cut down, annoyed by criticism, guilty about drinking, and eye-opener drinks). The validity of the BMAST and the CAGE as screening tools for alcohol problems has been verified in a number of nonworkplace settings. If they prove to be as effective for screening workers in an occupational medical setting, follow-up definitive diagnoses could result in earlier detection of alcohol problems and allow prompt intervention. Positive outcomes could include a safer workplace, less absenteeism, improved worker productivity, and a reduction in personal and family problems caused by drinking.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2000 Jul
PMID:Occupational medical program alcohol screening. Utility of the CAGE and BMAST. 1086 1

This study examines the relationship between physical abuse and periconceptional drinking in women presenting to a mid-Atlantic, urban hospital-based OB/GYN clinic serving a largely indigent population between April 2003 and May 2004. During their first prenatal visit, 308 women completed a screening battery that included the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and measures of alcohol use, including the CAGE, T-ACE, TWEAK, and the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Bivariate analyses, including odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), revealed that women with a history of physical abuse were more likely to report drinking alcohol within the 3 months prior to their prenatal care visit and were significantly more likely to meet criteria for risk drinking on multiple measures. A history of physical abuse appears to be associated with higher self-reported rates of periconceptional drinking in pregnant women. Study findings support the need for assessment of abuse history as a potential risk factor for alcohol use in pregnant women.
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PMID:History of physical abuse and periconceptional drinking in pregnant women. 1864 33

Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union tend to drink more frequently than other Israelis. However, little is known about alcohol consumption among older Former Soviet Union immigrants in Israel. In the current study, male and female Former Soviet Union immigrants residing in independent living facilities were studied to determine their patterns of alcohol use and attitudes toward drinking. Interviews were conducted using a modified version of the CAGE instrument. Findings show that men use alcohol more than women, believe they need to reduce consumption, and are more likely to be criticized and feel guilty about their drinking behavior. Additional research is needed to further understand the extent of improper alcohol use among late life immigrants and older people in the country. Such information should be applied to the development of policy and services that will address their quality of life needs.
J Ethn Subst Abuse 2009
PMID:Late life alcohol use and gender differences among Former Soviet Union immigrants. 1945 25