Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

California has 12% of the U.S. population. In 1991, the newly diagnosed cancer cases in California represented 10% of all new cancer cases in the country, and the yearly toll was 10% of all cancer deaths. Relative to all new cancer cases in the U.S., California had 10, 9.8, 9.8, and 9.3% of breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers, respectively. Because of its large population and cancer incidence, the epidemiology of cancer in California is of particular interest. Epidemiological factors reviewed in this article include ethnicity, lifestyle, occupation, and environmental conditions. Ethnic factors: There is an increased incidence of cervical and gallbladder cancer among Hispanic women, and of stomach cancer in Hispanic men and women. In U.S.-born Chinese men, the most prevalent cancers are those of the lung and colon, which is also seen in American white men. In U.S.-born Chinese women, there is an upward displacement of breast cancer incidence. In U.S.-born Japanese men and women, the mortality rate is closer to that of American whites. Life-style: Members of the Mormon Church and Seventh-Day Adventists have only 50% of the U.S. standardized mortality rate for cancer associated with smoking. Increased coffee consumption has been found to be associated with increased occurrence of colon and bladder cancer; alcohol use has been reported to have a positive association with colorectal cancer. The large AIDS population in San Francisco has a 144-fold odds ratio of Kaposi's sarcoma and a fivefold odds ratio of lymphoma when compared with the general U.S. population. Occupational factors: An increased incidence of mesothelioma in asbestos workers, of gastric cancer, skin cancer, and lymphoma in men working in dusty environments, and of astrocytoma in individuals with prolonged exposure to low-frequency electric and magnetic fields has been recorded. Environmental factors: The drinking-water pool in northern California is contaminated with asbestos of the serpentine type, which is associated with mesothelioma of the peritoneum and carcinoma of the lung, gallbladder, and pancreas. Petrochemical fumes in the heavily industrialized San Francisco Bay area have not been associated with an increased occurrence of cancer. No significant incidence in cancer has been noted in the counties surrounding the nuclear power plant at San Onofre during 18 years of close observation.
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PMID:Epidemiological factors of cancer in California. 146 11

The clinical features of gallbladder carcinoma associated with acute cholecystitis and problems in diagnosing this condition by ultrasonography were investigated. Nine cases of gallbladder cancer with acute cholecystitis and 51 cases of gallbladder cancer without acute cholecystitis were reviewed. There were no obvious differences between those two groups as far as depth of invasion, location of cancer, and the prevalence of gallstones were concerned. However, there was a tendency for detection of cancer associated with acute cholecystitis by ultrasound to be more difficult than detection of cancer without acute cholecystitis. Macroscopic examination of resected specimens showed that superficial or flat type cancers tended to occur more often in cases of acute cholecystitis. This is considered to be the main cause of the difficulty in diagnosing such cancer by ultrasound.
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PMID:[Clinical study of gallbladder cancer associated with acute cholecystitis]. 833 9

Patients with gallbadder cancer associated with remarkable lymph node involvement along the para-aortic region are usually excluded from therapeutic plans because of their oppressive outlook. We experienced two patients with Stage IV gallbadder cancer who had undergone intra-aortic infusion chemotherapy and experienced its tumoricidal effects. By keeping the tip of the catheter in the aorta at the Th 9-10 level, we intended to improve the efficiency of drug delivery to both primary lesion and para-aortic metastatic lymph nodes. The anti-cancer drugs employed were gemcitabine (day 3, 9, 1,000 mg/m2/30 min) and low-dose CDDP (day 1-5, day 8-12, 5 mg/30 min) combined with 5-FU (day 1-5, day 8-12, 250 mg/24 h). Day 15-21 was the treatment-free time for recovery from drug toxicities. Since this regimen was well tolerated, the patients could undergo this plan repeatedly. The evidence on CT scans or cholangiography revealed remarkable regression of both primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, or resolution of the biliary obstruction. The survival periods from the induction of the treatment were 12 and 14 months, respectively. Thus intra-aortic infusion chemotherapy may be beneficial for the treatment of gallbladder cancer associated with para-aortic lymph node involvement.
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PMID:[Two cases of advanced gallbadder cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis responding to intra-aortic infusion of gemcitabine and low-dose CDDP/5-FU]. 1618 39

T-cadherin is believed to act against carcinogenesis in various tissues; however, its tumor-suppressor mechanism remains largely unclear. Using subtractive mRNA hybridization and immunoblotting, the present study identified several cancer-associated molecules whose expression was modified by T-cadherin in gallbladder cancer cells. Restoration of T-cadherin decreased the expression of Akt3 and phosphorylated Akt molecules. SET7/9, which stabilizes chromatin-bound p53, was downregulated by silencing of T-cadherin but was not regulated by the expression of T-cadherin. These finding suggest that T-cadherin might inhibit tumor progression through multiple pathways, including the Akt and SET7/9-p53 pathways.
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PMID:T-cadherin modulates tumor-associated molecules in gallbladder cancer cells. 2012 46

Anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct (AUPBD) is a congenital anomaly that is defined as a junction of the bile duct and pancreatic duct outside the duodenal wall. This anomaly results in a loss of normal sphincteric mechanisms at the pancreaticobiliary junction. As a result, regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the biliary system develops and causes choledochal cysts, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, pancreatitis and malignancy of the biliary tract. Gallbladder cancer or common bile duct cancer associated with AUPBD and choledochal cysts have been frequently reported. But, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with this condition has been only rarely reported. Here, we report a case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with AUPBD and choledochal cyst.
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PMID:[A case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with Type IV choledochal cyst]. 2292 25

The identification of cancer-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the investigation of their molecular and biological functions are vital for understanding the molecular biology and progression of cancer. The lncRNA-LET, a newly identified lncRNA, was demonstrated to be down-regulated in hepatocellular cancer. However, little is known about its role in gallbladder cancer. In the present study, an obvious down-regulation of lncRNA-LET was observed in gallbladder cancer compared to their adjacent normal tissues. Meanwhile, patients with low expression of lncRNA-LET have significantly poorer prognosis than those with high expression. We confirmed that hypoxia decreased lncRNA-LET levels in gallbladder cancer cells. Moreover, lncRNA-LET overexpression was further validated to inhibit the invasion of gallbladder cancer cells under hypoxic or normoxic conditions in vitro. We demonstrated that lncRNA-LET overexpression conferred a proliferative advantage to tumor cells under hypoxic conditions. The ectopic expression of lncRNA-LET led to the promotion of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and to the induction of apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Ectopic expression of LncRNA-LET also suppressed gallbladder tumor growth in vivo. Our findings indicate that lncRNA-LET may represent a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for gallbladder cancer.
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PMID:Long non-coding RNA-LET is a positive prognostic factor and exhibits tumor-suppressive activity in gallbladder cancer. 2521 60

Carrying excess body fat is a leading cause of cancer. Epidemiologic evidence gives strong clues about the mechanisms that link excess adiposity to risk for several cancer sites. For postmenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer, the hyper-estrogenic state that is induced by excess body fatness is the likely cause. For esophageal cancer and gallbladder cancer, chronic local inflammation induced by acid reflux and gallstones is the likely cause, and for liver cancer, local inflammation induced by hepatic fatty infiltration is the likely cause. However, for several other cancers known to be associated with excess adiposity, including cancers of the colon, pancreas, ovary, kidney, and prostate, specific causes are not known. Possible candidates include elevated systemic or local tissue inflammation induced by adiposity and effects of the elevated levels of leptin, insulin, IGFs, and depressed immune function that are seen with excess adiposity. There is growing evidence that intentional weight loss not only reduces circulating levels of cancer-associated factors but that it also reduces cancer incidence and recurrence. Better research is needed to understand the mechanisms that link excess body fat to cancer risk as well as to understand the amount of weight loss needed for substantial cancer risk reduction. Finally, as we develop better understanding of the mediators of the effects of excess body fatness on cancer risk, we should identify pharmacologic interventions that target those mediators so that they can be used to complement weight loss in order to reduce cancer risk.
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PMID:Body fatness as a cause of cancer: epidemiologic clues to biologic mechanisms. 2587 Feb 50

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common and aggressive form of biliary tract carcinoma with an alarmingly low 5-year survival rate. Despite its high mortality rate, the underlying mechanisms of GBC pathogenesis are not completely understood. Recently, from a growing volume of literature, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression and appear to play vital roles in many human cancers. To date, a number of lncRNAs have been implicated in GBC, but their potential roles in GBC have not been systematically examined. Thus, in this review, we critically discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in GBC, and the pathways involved. Specifically, we note that some lncRNAs show greater expression in T1 and T2 tumor stages compared to T3 and T4 tumor stages and that their dysregulation leads to alterations in cell cycle progression and can cause an increase in GBC cell proliferation or apoptosis. In addition, some lncRNAs control the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, while others take part in the regulation of ERK/MAPK and Ras cancer-associated signaling pathways. We also present their potential utility in diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment of GBC. The overall goal of this review is to stimulate interest in the role of lncRNAs in GBC, which may open new avenues in the determination of GBC pathogenesis and may lead to the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for GBC.
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PMID:The emerging role of long non-coding RNA in gallbladder cancer pathogenesis. 2789 46

Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a congenital malformation in which the pancreatic and bile ducts join anatomically outside the duodenal wall, usually forming an abnormally long common channel. In PBM, since the long common channel defeats the effect of the sphincter of Oddi, pancreatobiliary reflux frequently occurs, resulting in high rates of biliary tract cancers. We present the case of a 68-year-old female with advanced gallbladder cancer concomitant with bile duct cancer associated with PBM without biliary dilatation that had an extremely rare configuration showing a connecting duct without a long common channel. Pancreatography in the selectively cannulated main pancreatic duct showed the terminal portion of the common bile duct via an abnormal connecting duct. Cholangiography in the selectively cannulated lower bile duct showed the main and accessory pancreatic ducts via the connecting duct. The bile amylase level was markedly elevated. This case of a rare configuration of PBM with a connecting duct without a long common channel is the first such reported case in the English literature.
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PMID:A case of pancreaticobiliary maljunction with a connecting duct without a long common channel. 2822 43

We previously demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promoted the proliferation of gallbladder cancer (GBC) cells, but the mechanism is not clear. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) plays an important role in various malignancies as transmembrane glycoprotein. Our goal was to reveal the relationship between CAFs and NRP-1 and their potential functions in GBC. In this study, we found NRP-1 was overexpressed in GBC tissue, associated with poor survival and was up-regulated by CAFs. The cytokine array cluster analysis revealed IL-8 secreted by CAFs facilitated the up-regulation of NRP-1 in tumour cells. NRP-1 knockdown suppressed tumour growth in vivo. Gene expression microarray analysis showed 581 differentially regulated genes under NRP-1 knockdown conditions. Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrated that NRP-1 knockdown may inhibit tumour progression by affecting cell proliferation. We then confirmed that NRP-1 knockdown in NOZ and GBC-SD cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Additionally, the IL-8 mediated MDM2 and CCNA2 expression were affected by NRP-1 knockdown. Our findings suggested that NRP-1 was up-regulated by CAF-secreted IL-8, which subsequently promoted GBC cell proliferation, and these molecules may serve as useful prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GBC.
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PMID:Neuropilin-1 is up-regulated by cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted IL-8 and associated with cell proliferation of gallbladder cancer. 3295 27


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