Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of immobility on the biomechanical properties of an anterior cruciate bone-ligament-bone unit of rhesus monkey is reported. Wild primates were used and the captivity time was minimized to lessen disuse changes from cage confinement. The ligament-bone specimens were tested in tension to failure under high strain-rate conditions. After 8-weeks total-body plaster immobilization of the primate, the ligament units showed significant decreases in maximum failure load and energy absorbed to failure (39 per cent and 32 per cent respectively). A dramatic change in ligament load-elongation behavior occurred. There was a statistically significant decrease in stiffness (slope of the load-deformation curve) of the ligament unit which may also be expressed as an increase in ligament compliance (elongation per unit load). The change in mechanical properties following immobility indicated a significant alteration in the projected functional capacity of the ligament unit to resist loading and to resist elongation; factors which relate directly to the ligament's ability to provide joint stability. The mechanisms of failure of the ligament unit, where an increase in osseous avulsion fractures occurred after immobilization correlated with histological changes of bone resorption in the cortex immediately beneath the ligament insertion site. Ultimate failure occurred in many, but not in all specimens, through the weakened bone. This emphasizes the potential for such effects in clinical conditions characterized by reduced bone mass. Alterations in the strength of the cortical bone may affect the integrity of ligament units as a whole. The effect of immobility on ligament units about the knee depended on histological characteristics of the ligament-bone attachment. The anterior cruciate ligament-bond junction, through zones of fibrocartilage, was little affected. In contrast, the tibial insertion of the superficial tibial collateral ligament, directely into bone in relation to the periosteum without well-defined zones of catilage, showed marked interruption after immobility due to bone resorption in the subperiosteal and outer cortical regions. In places the ligament was attached only to the overlying periosteum. In a second and third group of animals, the long-term effects of disuse were investigated. After 5 months' resumed activity following total-body-immobilization, there was only partial recovery in ligament strength although ligament stiffness and compliance parameters had returned to control values. It required up to 12 months for the complete recovery of ligament strength parameters.
 ...
PMID:Functional properties of knee ligaments and alterations induced by immobilization: a correlative biomechanical and histological study in primates. 40 10

This report summarizes our experience during a four-year period with the repair of 8 thoracic cage and 3 diaphragmatic defects requiring reinforcement with prosthetic material. Defects as large as the entire left hemidiaphragm or the right anterior chest wall including ribs two through six from the midsternum to the midaxillary line were adequately repaired. The technical approach utilized to obtain a secure, nonmobile thoracic cage involved the placement of sutures through drill holes or around ribs, rather than through the periosteum or pericostal soft tissues. Successful diaphragmatic repair was dependent on proper anchoring of the medial border of the prosthesis, placing sutures in the pericardium as necessary. Skin coverage for thoracic cage defects was achieved with widely undermined and advanced local tissue or previously delayed pedicle flaps. All patients had good evidence of chest wall stabilization after operation, and all were removed from mechanical ventilation within three days. One patient died of myocardial infarction twenty days after operation, and a second patient died later of metastatic disease. On the basis of our experience, we conclude that the range of chest wall lesions that can be surgically corrected or palliated is increased by the use of prosthetics implanted with techniques described here.
 ...
PMID:Repair of chest wall defects with prosthetic material. 45 17

Belt protected car occupants involved on head-on collisions do not seem to suffer as severe injuries as unembalmed cadavers subjected to comparable simulated head-on collisions. Therefore it has been questioned if cadavers constitute adequate test specimens for study of thoracic tolerances. This investigation compares injuries in safety belt wearing living and dead pigs which have been subjected to simulated head-on collisions on an acceleration tract. Tests were performed on all 20 pigs (10 living and 10 dead). The arterial side of the circulatory system of the dead pigs was infused. The force in the safety belts, the intraaortic pressure, the impact velocity and the deceleration of the sled were recorded. The tests were high speed filmed. Post mortem examination of the pigs revealed differences in injury severity. Dead pigs more easily suffered rib fractures. Deformation of the rib cage due to stripping of the periosteum and laceration of surrounding tissue occurred mainly in the dead pigs. Laceration of intrathoracic blood vessels was seen in dead pigs while isolated heart lesions were seen only in living animals. The main cause of these differences in tolerance level seems to be post mortem changes of the mechanical properties of the different tissues. The results are valid for pigs but indicate that great care has to be exercised when results obtained from cadaver experiments are evaluated concerning thoracic tolerance.
 ...
PMID:Influence of post mortem changes on experimental safety belt injuries. 60 45

When an aggressive tumor develops in a flat muscle near the thoracic cage the question may arise as to how achieve an adequate margin on the deep side of the tumor. This is especially the case if the tumor has recurred after a previous non-radical operation. A method is described by which the external thoracic fascia, the external intercostal musculature, and the periosteum on the external surface of the ribs can be included in the specimen as a continuous wall of healthy tissue on the deep side of the tumor. This technique has been used in 11 patients, 9 of whom had undergone one or more inadequate operations earlier. Eight patients had a malignant tumor, three an extra-abdominal desmoid. In one of the latter patients, in whom a recurrent tumor was adherent to rib periosteum, the method was unsuitable. In the other patients the method appears to have been adequate for local control of the tumor.
 ...
PMID:Extirpation of tumors located near the thoracic cage. A method for increasing the margin of healthy tissue on the deep side of the tumor. 60 49

An autogenous graft of tibial periosteum was sutured (with its cambium layer facing into the joint) to the base of a five by ten-millimeter full-thickness defect in the patellar groove of each of forty-five adolescent rabbits. The rabbits were randomly treated postoperatively by either four weeks of immobilization in a cast, intermittent active motion in a cage, or two weeks of continuous passive motion. One year postoperatively, the regenerated tissue from each rabbit was analyzed macroscopically, histologically, histochemically, and biochemically. Gross degenerative changes were seen in 57 per cent of the rabbits that had been immobilized in a cast, in 73 per cent of the rabbits that had been allowed intermittent active motion, and in 22 per cent of the rabbits that had been subjected to continuous passive motion (p less than 0.05). Out of a possible score of 7.0 points for the nature of the regenerated tissue, the scores for the three groups were: immobilization in a cast, 4.1 points; intermittent active motion, 4.0 points; and continuous passive motion, 5.9 points (p greater than 0.05). Out of a possible perfect combined score of 10.0 points for the structural characteristics of the regenerated tissue, the cast-immobilization group scored 3.8 points; the intermittent active-motion group, 2.5 points; and the continuous passive-motion group, 6.4 points (p less than 0.001). The total scores for freedom from cellular changes of degeneration, a perfect score being 5.0 points, were: immobilization in a cast, 2.4 points; intermittent active motion, 2.3 points; and continuous passive motion, 3.9 points (p less than 0.01). Degenerative changes in the adjacent cartilage, which were noted in 42 and 46 per cent of the knees in the immobilization and intermittent active-motion groups, respectively, were not found in the knees that had been subjected to continuous passive motion (p less than 0.05). The total indices, which were derived by combining the scores for all categories (maximum, 24.0 points), revealed that the index for the continuous passive-motion group was significantly better than the index for either of the other two groups: immobilization in a cast, 12.9 points; intermittent active motion, 11.2 points; and continuous passive motion, 19.2 points (p less than 0.0005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Durability of regenerated articular cartilage produced by free autogenous periosteal grafts in major full-thickness defects in joint surfaces under the influence of continuous passive motion. A follow-up report at one year. 335 27

We report the results of chondrogenesis from a free autograft of periosteum taken from the medial tibial condyle transplanted over a partial-thickness defect created on the medial femoral articular surface in immature white rabbit. A total of 69 rabbits were randomly divided into four groups as follows, Group I received the free autograft and were allowed intermittent activity in a cage. Group II also received a free autograft but were allowed only continuous passive motion in a CPM apparatus for 8 hours a day for the first two weeks after the operation. Group III received a freeze-dried periosteal graft and were allowed intermittent activity in a cage. And Group IV as controls received no graft over the created defect and were allowed intermittent activity in a cage. In specimens from Group I and from Group II at 3 weeks postoperatively, hypertrophic cells were recognized. In both groups at 4 weeks postoperatively, the autograft had sealed the defect with interposition of fiber bundles. At 8 weeks postoperatively, the union of both matrices was clearly demonstrated. The chondrocyte arrangement and matrix bonding was observed to be better in Group II than in Group I. In specimens from Group III at 8 weeks postoperatively, the freeze-dried periosteum had deteriorated without sealing the defect. In Group IV at 8 weeks postoperatively, the surface of the shaved cartilage was irregular and similar to that in arthrosis. These findings indicated that a periosteal free autograft produced bonding between the matrix of the graft and the matrix of the host cartilage, and was therefore effective for chondrogenesis to seal over a joint defect.
 ...
PMID:[Chondrogenic potential of a free autogenous periosteal graft for biological resurfacing over a half-thickness defect in a joint surface: an experimental study]. 853 Aug 91

Six cases of elastofibroma located in the subscapular region are reported. The age of the patients ranged from 45 to 71 years (mean 59.5 years). In three cases the symptoms were posterior shoulder pain with arm motion, and one of these also had a snapping scapula. Two cases had tumor prominence as the only symptom, and in one case the tumor was found accidentally while thoracotomy was being performed. On magnetic resonance imaging a nonencapsulated soft-tissue mass closely related to the thoracic wall and elevating the scapula was identified. At surgery the tumor was densely adherent to the periosteum of the ribs and the external fascia of the rib cage, and peripherally it proceeded into the loose connective tissue of the subscapular space. Local excision was performed. At follow-up 1 to 8 years after surgery no recurrence was observed, and all patients with painful lesions had complete relief of pain.
 ...
PMID:Subscapular elastofibroma: a reactive pseudotumor. 881 41

The aims of the study are to develop a non-invasive animal model of circular motion exercise and to evaluate the effect of this type of exercise on bone turnover in young rats. The circular motion exercise simulates isometric exercise using an orbital shaker that oscillates at a frequency of 50 Hz and is capable of speeds from 0-400 rpm. A cage is fixed on top of the shaker and the animals are placed inside. When the shaker is turned on, the oscillatory movement should encourage the animals to hold on to the cage and use various muscle forces to stabilize themselves. Rats at 8 weeks of age were trained on the shaker for 6 weeks and static and dynamic histomorphometric analyses were performed for the proximal tibial metaphysis and the tibial shaft. The exercise resulted in no significant effect on animal body weight, gastrocnemius muscle weight and femoral weight. Although the bone formation rate of cancellous and cortical periosteum was increased by the exercise, trabecular bone volume was decreased. The exercise increased periosteal and marrow perimeters and the cross-sectional diameter of cortical bone from medial to lateral without a significant increase in the cortical bone area. These results suggest that circular motion exercise under force without movement or additional weight loading will cause bone-modeling drift with an increase in bone turnover to reconstruct bone shape in adaptation to the demand in strength. Since there is no additional weight loading during circular motion exercise, the net mass of bone is not increased. The bone mass lost in trabecular bone could possibly be due to a re-distribution of mineral to the cortical bone.
 ...
PMID:Effect of circular motion exercise on bone modeling and bone mass in young rats: an animal model of isometric exercise. 1575 97

We herein report a technique which facilitates a retroperitoneal approach to the kidney in cases of highly deformed thorax due to kyphoscoliosis. The operation consists of a lumbar oblique incision with removal of the 11th rib, combined with the additional removal of the 12th and 10th ribs. Resection of the upper two ribs was performed subperiosteally, leaving the periosteum of the deep side untouched. However, the deep side periosteum of the 12th rib was incised caudal from the pleural margin in order to facilitate exposure of the diaphragm. The retroperitoneal space was entered through the tip of the 11th rib bed. The diaphragm was incised dorso-medially at a level 1 cm caudal from the lower margin of the pleura, to an extent necessary to enable the pleura together with the cranial diaphragm to be manoeuvred in an upward direction. Two cases with renal tuberculosis associated with high-grade kyphosis and one case with staghorn calculi accompanied with lordosis were operated on utilizing this technique. In the former two cases, the thoracic cage was in direct contact with the iliac bone and there was practically no space between the rib border and the iliac crest. This was also true of the third case, but the grade of deformity was not as extensive as in the former two cases. Removal of the 10th, 11th and 12th ribs could be achieved without injuring the pleura and a satisfactorily large operating field could thus be developed which enabled a simple nephrectomy to be performed without difficulty. The characteristic feature of the described approach is that resection of the 10th and 11th ribs is simply to facilitate manoevrability of the wound margin, without going through the rib bed. The technique could be advantageous in selected cases where there is a highly deformed thorax.
 ...
PMID:[A modified retroperitoneal approach to the kidney in patients with a highly deformed thorax: obtaining a wide operative field through subperiosteal resection of the 10th, 11th and 12th ribs]. 1608 38

Tibia segmental defect healing in sheep were clinically, radiographically and histologically evaluated. Twelve young sheep aged four to five months were divided into two groups, G1 and G2. A 3.5 cm long segmental defect was created in the right tibial diaphysis with maintenance of the periosteum. The bone defects in both groups were stabilized with a bone plate combined with a titanium cage. In G1 the cage was filled with pieces of autologous cortical bone graft. In G2 it was filled with a composite biomaterial which consisted of inorganic bovine bone, demineralized bovine bone, a pool of bovine bone morphogenetic proteins bound to absorbable ultra-thin powdered hydroxyapatiteand bone-derived denaturized collagen. Except for one G1 animal, all of them showed normal limb function 60 days after surgery. Radiographic examination showed initial formation of periosteal callus in both groups at osteo-tomy sites, over the plate or cage 15 days postoperatively. At 60 and 90 days callus remodeling occurred. Histological and morphometric analysis at 90 days after surgery showed that the quantity of implanted materials in G1 and G2 were similar, and the quantity of new bone formation was less (p = 0.0048) and more immature in G1 than G2, occupying 51 +/- 3.46% and 62 +/- 6.26% of the cage space, respectively. These results suggest that the composite biomaterial tested was a good alternative to autologous cortical bone graft in this experimental ovine tibial defect. However, additional evaluation is warranted prior to its clinical usage.
 ...
PMID:Tibial segmental bone defect treated with bone plate and cage filled with either xenogeneic composite or autologous cortical bone graft. An experimental study in sheep. 1803 2


1 2 Next >>