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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using data from the 1994 Health Survey for England, logistic multivariate multilevel modelling techniques are used to investigate the simultaneous effect of individual demographic characteristics and socio-structural factors on self-reported problem drinking as revealed by CAGE scores and 'unsafe' levels of alcohol consumption. Whilst the influence of key socio-structural variables is broadly similar for both unsafe alcohol consumption and high CAGE scores, there are notable exceptions when results are examined by tenure group: those in the rented sector are more likely to be problem drinkers as revealed by CAGE, but less likely to consume 'unsafe' amounts of alcohol. Both dimensions of drinking behaviour are influenced by the consumption patterns of others in the household, with both likelihoods increasing as the average consumption of others in the household rises. After taking into account individual compositional variables, the research indicates that there is very little evidence for geographical variation remaining in these two dimensions of drinking behaviour. It is found that the proportion of the population whose drinking behaviour may be classed as (potentially) problematic via the CAGE responses is substantially less than the proportion consuming above recommended 'safe' levels. The research concludes, however, that the two measures are broadly similar in their relationship to social and structural variables. Tenure provides an exception to this conclusion and indicates a continuing need to take account of housing circumstances in developing an understanding of drinking behaviour.
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PMID:Consumed with worry: 'unsafe' alcohol consumption and self-reported problem drinking in England. 1118 16

The selectively bred alcohol-preferring and alcohol-non-preferring lines of rats have been used to study the biology of alcohol abuse and dependence. In our laboratory new lines of Wistar rats have been selectively outbread for 7 years and 19 generations for high and low ethanol intake (WHP--Warsaw High Preferring) and WLP--Warsaw Low Preferring respectively). After the first selection procedure, the highest scoring females and males were used initiate upward selection, while the lowest scoring pairs were used to initiate downward selection. Mated pairs were housed in breeding cages, pups were allowed to nurse for 3 weeks before weaning, then the pups of each litter were culled to the same-sex cage and allowed to mature until they were subjected to the selection procedure. In order to determine the alcohol intake and preference, the rats were individually housed in wire cages containing two graduated drinking tubes mounted at the front. During the entire investigation, the subjects had free access to standard lab chow (Bacutil, Poland). Ethanol solution was prepared from 95% stock ethanol and tap water. The animals were presented with 10% ethanol solution and water (two-bottle choice test). The drinking tubes were rotated daily to prevent position preference. Alcohol intake was calculated as average g/kg/day (absolute ethanol) while alcohol preference (in %) was calculated as the amount of alcohol consumed/total fluid x 100. Our results (17-19 generations) have shown that mean alcohol intake in WHP rats was higher than 5.0 g/kg/24 h ethanol, while WLP rats generally consumed less than 2.0 g/kg/24 h ethanol. Our results also showed that the total fluid intake in WHP rats slightly but not significantly higher as compared with WLP rats. Maximal ethanol consumption (in both lines) occurred during the natural dark phase three bungs (19.00-20.00 hrs, 23.00-02.00 hrs and 04.00-05.00 hrs). Interestingly, the intakes of high concentrations of sucrose and saccharin solutions were significantly higher in WHP than in WLP rats. Furthermore, the WHP rats reduced their alcohol and water intakes in the presence of 10% sucrose solution. Thus, it appears that high consumption of sweets may be a neurobiological factor promoting increased ethanol intake by WHP rats.
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PMID:Animal model of ethanol abuse: rats selectively bred for high and low voluntary alcohol intake. 1129 78

This paper analyses the alcohol consumption patterns in Spanish drivers, the incidence of alcohol-related problems and attempts to ascertain whether, in the end, drivers with alcohol-related problems are considered fit or unfit to drive. In accordance with Spanish and European Union legislation, driving licences cannot be issued or renewed to people suffering from alcohol-related problems. A medical, psychological and eyesight evaluation was performed to test the driving fitness of 8043 drivers attending 25 Medical Driving Test Centres on a national scale. Among other things, information was collected on the patterns of alcohol consumption, the AUDIT and CAGE tests, the incidence of alcohol-related problems (DSM-IV criteria for abuse, dependence and alcohol-induced disorder), as well as an evaluation of their fitness to drive. In all, 60.3% of drivers drink alcohol on a regular basis; 7.3% of drivers scored > or = 8 points in the AUDIT test, and 2% met criteria for DSM-IV alcohol abuse, dependence or induced disorder. Drivers with alcohol-related problems have been involved in traffic accidents (23.2%) and have infringed driving regulations (18.7%) more frequently (P < 0.0001) than those without alcohol-related problems. Of those with alcohol-related problems, 72.2% were considered fit to drive. The study reveals that alcohol consumption is common among drivers, that a significant number of drivers have alcohol-related problems, and that three in four of the latter were considered fit to drive.
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PMID:Alcohol-related problems and fitness to drive. 1137 64

To determine the positive rate of the CAGE questionnaire in an outpatient palliative radiotherapy clinic and to examine the association between problem drinking, pain control, and analgesic consumption, patients referred for palliative radiotherapy were screened with the CAGE questionnaire and asked to rate their symptom distress using the modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). The latter instrument uses 11-point numeric scales (0 = best, 10 = worst). Their daily analgesic consumption in oral morphine equivalent was recorded. A total of 128 patients participated in the study. Only 9 patients answered one of the four CAGE questions affirmatively (positive group). All the rest answered negatively (negative group). The mean pain intensity at index site/overall pain was 4.97 +/- 3.31/3.27 +/- 2.76 for the negative group and 6.29 +/- 4.42/2.89 +/- 3.37 for the positive group. The mean total daily oral morphine equivalent for the negative and positive group were 112.35 +/- 233.58 mg and 36.82 +/- 58.85 mg, respectively. There was no significant difference found in other symptoms in the modified ESAS between these two groups. The positive rate of the CAGE in patients with advanced cancer attending an out-patient radiotherapy clinic was only 7%, and analyses were limited by the small sample size of those with a positive CAGE. Whether our observed low positive rate of CAGE represents the true prevalence of problem drinking or the CAGE questionnaire is an insensitive tool for screening problem drinking in an outpatient palliative radiotherapy clinic requires further investigation. We did not find a statistically significant worse pain intensity nor higher analgesic consumption in patients who screened positive for CAGE questionnaire.
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PMID:Use of the CAGE questionnaire for screening problem drinking in an out-patient palliative radiotherapy clinic. 1139 7

We examined the prevalence and correlates of both general and workplace-related drinking measures using data from a telephone survey of 673 workers in a large municipal bureaucracy and tested the hypothesis that observed differences across job categories can be explained by compositional difference in terms of demographic variables known to be related to drinking behavior. Results suggest such factors account for much of the variation in general drinking measures (prior-28-day quantity, CAGE score, indicating risk for dependence), but that significant variation in a workplace-related drinking measure (times ever drank before, during, or just after work) remains even after such factors are controlled. Implications of these findings for existing theories of workplace effects on drinking are discussed, along with a consideration of appropriate levels of analysis for future studies.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2001 Aug
PMID:General and job-related alcohol use and correlates in a municipal workforce. 1150 68

This study examined the sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of a modified version of the CAGE, a screening measure used in the detection of older alcohol- and drug-abusing individuals. In a retrospective review of clinical records of 976 patients screened by a geriatric substance abuse program, the authors examined patients' responses on a modified version of the CAGE that included queries regarding drug use. The CAGE was administered to individuals age 50 or over draw from three diagnostic groups: alcohol abuse/dependence, drug abuse/dependence, and normal controls. Analysis of variance and discriminant function analyses revealed that the modified CAGE was able to discriminate both alcohol and drug abusers from controls. Analyses examining test sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves revealed the CAGE to demonstrate excellent sensitivity but poor specificity. Omitting the "cut down'' item from the CAGE significantly improved specificity with only a modest drop in sensitivity. Given the ease of administration and sensitivity to both alcohol and drug abuse, these data suggest that the modified CAGE is well suited as a screening instrument for geriatric drug and alcohol abuse.
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PMID:Screening for drug and alcohol abuse among older adults using a modified version of the CAGE. 1178 46

Despite a high prevalence of alcohol-related disabilities and the availability of cost-effective interventions, alcohol abuse and dependence commonly go undetected in hospital inpatients. In a university teaching hospital we compared three well validated screening methods for sensitivity and specificity-the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT, with various cut-off scores), CAGE (a four-question screening tool), and a 10-question version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (BMAST). A subset of patients also completed the DSM IV structured clinical interview for diagnosis. 1133 adult patients were randomly selected from all hospital admissions, with exclusion of day cases and patients too ill to be interviewed. Two-thirds of the patients were interviewed, most of the remainder being unavailable at the time. 30% of the men and 8% of the women met the DSM IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. Sensitivities and specificities of the screening tools were as follows: AUDIT (with cut-off score >8) 89% and 91%; CAGE 77% and 99%; BMAST 37% and 100%. 255 case records of patients scoring above the cut-off on one or more questionnaires were subsequently reviewed. The admitting team recognized an alcohol problem in only 46, of whom 17 were referred for appropriate follow up. As in previous hospital surveys, alcohol abuse and dependence was not receiving proper attention. The most efficient screening tool was the CAGE questionnaire.
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PMID:Alcohol abuse: prevalence and detection in a general hospital. 1182 51

The socio-demographic and forensic characteristics of fifty(50) alcohol abusers were examined in a community survey carried out in Kugiya (a predominantly Christian Berom ethnic group in Jos) who brew and take predominantly a local alcohol, Burukutu. A stratified sampling method was used to select 142 subjects who took part in the study, out of whom 50 (54%) males and 23 (46%) females of ages 16-54 years were identified as Alcohol Abusers through the use of a 4-item CAGE instrument and also the quantity taken. The questionnaire also highlighted the socio-forensic characteristics of the studied group. Alcohol abuse disrupts social, occupational, interpersonal and marital life and tends to induce criminal behaviour.
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PMID:Socio-demographic and forensic characteristics of alcohol abusers in Jos, Nigeria. 1222 52

Farm machinery is a major cause of injury morbidity and mortality among farmers. This case-control study assessed risk factors for machinery-related injuries among Iowa farmers. A screener questionnaire sent to 6,999 farmers in 1998 identified 205 farmers who had machinery-related injuries requiring medical advice/treatment in the previous year. Possible risk factors for injury were assessed among these farmers compared with 473 farmers with no injury in the previous year. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between machinery-related injury and hours per week spent on farmwork (OR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.38-2.94), fewer years of farming experience (OR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.14-2.79), wearing a hearing aid (OR = 4.37; 95% CI 1.55-12.25), and a high CAGE score suggesting problem drinking (OR = 2.49; 95% CI 1.00-6.19). This is the first study to show associations between machinery-related injury and hearing impairment, problem drinking, and fewer years of farming experience. These findings may be useful for future interventions to decrease injuries related to farm machinery.
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PMID:Risk factors for machinery-related injury among Iowa farmers: a case-control study nested in the Agricultural Health Study. 1241 51

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the RAFFT, a brief screening tool, in adult patients with substance use disorders (SUD) when presenting to a psychiatric emergency room. A total of 215 patients were evaluated with the RAFFT, the CAGE, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and urine drug screens. The RAFFT performed well in adults with SUD and was not influenced by factors such as gender, race, socioeconomic status, or the co-existence of psychiatric disorders. In alcohol use disorders, the CAGE performed better than the RAFFT, due to the lower specificity (or more false positive answers) of the latter.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2002 Nov
PMID:The RAFFT as a screening tool for adult substance use disorders. 1249 64


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