Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A random sample of over 700 adults resident in Northern Ireland answered a questionnaire about their drinking practices. Approximately one-quarter of the men and almost 40% of the women described themselves as non-drinkers. Logistic regression analyses identified religious denomination, marital status, and age as the most important predictors of drinking. Of the drinkers 15.8% of the men and 5.7% of the women obtained a CAGE score of 3 or 4. Further logistic regression analyses identified gender, marital status, and religious denomination as the most important predictors of problem drinking.
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PMID:Problem drinking in Northern Ireland: results of a community survey using the CAGE questionnaire. 839 30

The relationship between acute alcohol intoxication and increased risk of traffic violations, crashes, and injuries is well known. We designed this study to investigate the usefulness of behavioral risk factor surveys (BRFSs) in identifying drivers at risk for subsequent motor vehicle violations and crashes. We carried out a retrospective cohort study in a random sample of members of a health maintenance organization, who were followed for five years after ascertainment of alcohol use. Reported problem drinking behavior increased the risk of motor vehicle violations or crashes for women drivers and older drivers (older than 65 years of age) of both sexes. Women "binge drinkers" had an age-adjusted relative risk (RR) for violations of 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 2.8) and an age-adjusted RR for crashes of 1.9 (95% CI = 1.1, 3.2). Older drivers reporting drinking and driving or multiple drinking problems had an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes (sex-adjusted RR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.2, 5.8, and 3.0; 95% CI = 1.1, 8.4). A CAGE score of 2 or more identified older drivers at increased risk for both violations and crashes. We found no increased risk for male drivers under 65 years of age for any of the problem drinking behaviors. We conclude that BRFSs in a general population can help identify high-risk drivers among women and drivers older than 65 years of age.
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PMID:Use of behavioral risk factor surveys to predict alcohol-related motor vehicle events. 839 22

The linkage of the gender mix of occupations to drinking patterns has been suggested by Wilsnack and Wilsnack (1991). Using a national sample of American workers, associations among gender, the gender mix of occupations, occupation, and drinking variables were explored. The results suggest that the relationship between the gender mix of occupations and drinking variables operates through opportunities to drink with coworkers. Gender mix is associated with opportunities to drink with coworkers. Opportunities to drink with coworkers are, in turn, associated with whether respondents drink, who they are with when they drink, average number of drinks per month, and CAGE scores. Gender is associated with opportunities to drink with coworkers, drinks per month, and CAGE scores. Occupation is associated with opportunities to drink with coworkers, drinking patterns, and problem drinking. Further elaboration of the mechanisms linking the gender mix of occupations and drinking patterns is warranted.
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PMID:Drinking patterns and the gender mix of occupations: evidence from a national survey of American workers. 840 Aug 38

Some recent proposals in management of alcoholic liver disease are discussed focusing on early diagnosis and treatment of alcohol abuse itself, alcoholic hepatitis early mortality, clinical meaning of nutritional therapy, serological approach and treatment of hepatic fibrosis, and problems in liver transplantation for end stage alcoholic liver cirrhosis. CAGE or similar systematized brief questionnaires, and desialylated transferrin/total transferrin ratio as serological marker, seems to be interesting contributions to "hidden" alcohol abuse diagnosis and abstinence control while psycho-social support and voluntary incorporation to self-aid groups are the best weapons to reach persistent abstinence. Corticosteroids seems to improve survival in a selected group of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, specially in those presenting encephalopathy but free of GI bleeding, decompensated diabetes, active infections, pancreatitis, and other contraindications or adverse effects of these drugs. Relationship between direct toxicity and nutritional deficiencies in pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury are not clear enough, but malnutrition is generally present in patients requiring hospitalization, and related to clinical severity; oral, enteral or parenteral nutritional supplementation in this order of preference according to patients condition, associated or not with steroid anabolics, are useful in cases with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis or decompensated cirrhosis to eliminate the catabolic state, reaching a better nitrogen balance and liver function tests, without special adverse effects. A special role on liver regeneration is discussed. Antioxidants and supernutrients are special "modern" aspects of nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease generally related to the MEOS activation in chronic alcoholism, the excessive production of free radicals, and the depletion of glutathione, membrane phospholipids (specially phosphatidycholine), and vitamin A, E, and C. Natural supplements as soybean polyunsaturated lecithin, with high concentration of phosphatidycholine, or oral supplementation with natural metabolic products depleted from the liver of chronic heavy drinkers, such SAMe, have an interesting rationale based on experimental and clinical findings besides availability and costs. Carotenoids and tocopherols supplementation seems to be an useful tool, but are limited in the case of vitamin A because its special toxicity in chronic alcoholism. Serological markers of metabolism of liver connective tissue are clearly involved in fibrogenesis process and other inflammatory connected events; standardization of laboratory methods surely will result in new possibilities of non-invasive valuation of liver injury, evolution and therapeutic response; special histological damage such as sinusoidal "cappilarization" (type i.v. collagen and laminin), endothelial sinusoidal cell function (seric hyaluronate), or collagenase activity (TIMP-1 or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1) seems to be valuable by these new technologies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[New suggestions for the management of alcoholic liver diseases]. 852 63

The performances of 134 primary care physicians at initial screening about alcohol use and screening with the CAGE questions were assessed using 17 standardized patients. For three-fourths of the standardized patients, more than 50% of the physicians asked an initial alcohol screening question. However, use of the CAGE questions with six patients who reported drinking more than one drink per day was less consistent; for most of these patients, few physicians asked any CAGE questions. Fewer than 50% of the physicians included alcohol abuse in the differential diagnosis for three of four patients who drank four or more drinks per day. Methods are needed to incorporate the CAGE questions into primary care practices in a more systematic manner.
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PMID:Do primary care physicians screen patients about alcohol intake using the CAGE questions? 858 66

Naltrexone (NTX) has been shown to be a useful drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence (AD). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum is a new biologic marker of alcohol abuse. To evaluate the efficacy of NTX (50 mg/d) in AD, a group of 20 alcoholics with CDT > 20 U/l was studied using monthly laboratory tests (CDT, ESR, AST, ALT, GGT) and specific psychological testing (CAGE). After the second month statistically significant differences in CDT levels were found. By the end of the study, 13 patients (responders) had normalized their CDT levels. There was no correlation between CDT values and the other laboratory markers. The difference in routine laboratory markers between responders and non responders was not significant. NTX was well tolerated by all the patients and significant alcohol abstinence was achieved. CDT was demonstrated to be a effective marker for the evaluation of alcoholic abstinence during treatment with NTX. Superior results were obtained in comparison with the routine customary markers for AD.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the efficacy of naltrexone in alcoholism by the determination of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin]. 867 1

This paper compares the sensitivity and specificity of a five-item Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen (RAPS) optimized in this sample with the CAGE, brief MAST, AUDIT, TWEAK, History of Trauma Scale and breathalyzer reading against ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence or harmful drinking, by gender, ethnicity and injury status in a probability sample of emergency room patients (n = 1330) from the University of Mississippi Medical Center. The RAPS performed better than all other screening instruments for the total sample of current drinkers who reported ever having had three or more drinks at one time (sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 78%), and performed consistently better across all subgroups than any other single instrument, even at alternate cut points. The Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen may hold promise for use in clinical settings in identifying those who could benefit from a brief intervention or referral for problem drinking, particularly since the instrument is short and patients need not be asked additional questions after screening positive on one of the five items. Further research is necessary to analyze and compare the performance of the RAPS with other screening instruments across demographic subgroups in other emergency room and primary care settings.
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PMID:Screening for alcohol problems in the emergency room: a rapid alcohol problems screen. 874 35

Our objective was to identify factors that might correlate with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease stage in intravenous drug abusers (IVDA). Particular attention was given to alcohol abuse. We accordingly explored in a cross-sectional study the relation between stage of HIV disease and age, sex, needle sharing, ethnicity, self-reported history of alcohol consumption and CAGE scores. IVDA from a single municipal hospital were subdivided into three groups according to HIV disease status. Group 1 comprised 42 individuals with AIDS; group 2 comprised 114 who were HIV positive but without AIDS; and group 3 comprised 52 who were HIV negative. Information on alcohol consumption and CAGE responses were obtained by questionnaire and interview. Discriminant analysis indicated that alcohol abuse, assessed either by self-reported consumption or by CAGE scores, was significantly more common in the AIDS group than in either the HIV positive or the HIV negative groups, when controlled for age, sex, and needle sharing status. The relative risk of AIDS was 3.8 times higher in the heavy drinkers than in moderate drinkers. Needle sharing was also more common in the AIDS group than in the HIV positive or HIV negative groups when the other factors were controlled for. AIDS was more common in black than white IVDA, and this increased frequency did not appear related to alcohol consumption since the distribution of heavy drinkers within each category of HIV disease did not differ within the ethnic groups. These data indicate that a history of heavy alcohol consumption is more common in IVDA with AIDS than in IVDA at earlier stages of HIV disease.
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PMID:Alcohol abuse and stage of HIV disease in intravenous drug abusers. 877 37

The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model for behavioral features of type II, early-onset alcohol abuse. To perform this research, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolite concentrations and home-cage social behaviors of 29 rhesus macaque subjects were examined in a 4-year longitudinal study. Half of the monkeys were reared for their first 6 months with their mothers, and the other half were reared without adults, instead with access only to monkeys of similar age. When the subjects were 6 months old, and again when they were 50 months old, they underwent a series of four, 4-day social separations. We obtained cisternal CSF before and during the first and last separation of each series to quantify 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylgycol (MHPG), and homovanillic acid concentrations. After the 6-month separations, subjects were placed into social groups, and social dominance rankings were assessed. Before and after the 50-month separations, social dominance rankings were evaluated again, and home-cage aggression and social behavior data were collected. Over the 3 1/2 years between CSF samplings, records were maintained of subjects' removal from their social groups for excessive aggression or treatment for wounding. Our results showed that among infants, reduced CSF 5-HIAA was correlated with low social dominance. As young adults, subjects from both rearing groups with low CSF 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations exhibited reduced rates of social interaction and low social dominance rankings. In addition, peer-reared subjects with low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations exhibited inept social behaviors, and were frequently removed from their social groups for excessive aggression and deviant social behaviors. From these results, we conclude that the peer-rearing paradigm aggravates the untoward social consequences associated with low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations over and beyond reducing CSF 5-HIAA concentrations, suggesting that early experiences may contribute to CNS serotonin changes that increase the disposition to type II-related behaviors.
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PMID:A nonhuman primate model of type II alcoholism? Part 2. Diminished social competence and excessive aggression correlates with low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations. 880 Mar 79

Adolescents and young adults are among the highest users of alcohol and other drugs in the United States. One of the tools most commonly employed in screening for problem drinking and alcohol dependence is the CAGE questionnaire. Research has indicated, however, that not only may the CAGE be a poor detection device for identifying youthful substance abuse, but it may particularly lack strength in the detection of alcohol abuse by young women. The current study examined the predictive power of the CAGE relative to other common assessment indicators of youthful substance abuse in a sample of college students. It focused on the relative predictive power of the CAGE in detecting a high level of drinking-related problems. In addition, the interaction of gender and a positive CAGE score was included in the logistic regression analysis to test the hypothesis that the CAGE is predictive for men but not for women. Results suggest that the CAGE is a relatively weak predictor of alcohol-related problems in this sample of college students, and it lacks predictive power for detecting, problems in college women. Issues concerning substance-abuse assessment in young people are discussed, with special consideration given to gender differences.
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PMID:Predicting problem drinking in college students: gender differences and the CAGE questionnaire. 902 68


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