Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The vaginal absorption of a homologous series of ionizable compounds, the 1-alkanoic acids, was studied using a perfusion method with a rib-cage cell surgically implanted in the rabbit vagina. The absorption rates of these compounds followed first-order kinetics. The physical model previously used for the 1-alkanols, but accounting for the pKa and pH effects in the present case was employed in the analysis of the carboxylic acid data. The aqueous diffusion layer thickness was 0.031 cm. The permeability coefficient for the lipoidal pathway increased 3.5-fold per methylene group. Both values agree reasonably well with those obtained in the alcohol study.
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PMID:Systems approach to vaginal delivery of drugs V: in situ vaginal absorption of 1-alkanoic acids. 1 17

Earlier reports from these laboratories described a procedure for determining vaginal drug absorption in the rabbit based upon a perfusion system, and data on the vaginal absorption of the straight-chain aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids were given. These studies have been extended to the rhesus monkey. Rib-cage-type cells were designed for intravaginal insertion through the vulval orifice and to fit the specific dimensions of the monkey vagina. The general design of the cell was similar to that used in the rabbit vaginal absorption studies. The persusion system was checked by using 3H-polyethylene glycol 4000, and no significant leaks from the cell were found. The absorption of the alcohols followed first-order kinetics. The computed apparent permeability coefficients for the alcohols were of comparable magnitude to those previously reported for the rabbit vaginal membrane.
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PMID:Vaginal drug absorption in rhesus monkeys I: development of methodology. 40 67

This study is aimed at a better understanding of the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) by examining factors influencing the bacterial ecology of the genital tract. It comprises two sets of experiments in a monkey model. In the first the persistence and transmission between individuals of a P-fimbriated Escherichia coli (strain DS17) in faeces was examined and in the second we studied the influence of amoxicillin on the occurrence of this strain in the vagina. Orally administered E. coli DS17 was shown to spread to cage mates and to persist in the gut for at least 17-18 months. One of four monkeys so colonized developed three separate UTIs with the DS17 strain. The second set of experiments comprised four other monkeys, who either harboured the E. coli DS17 strain in the faeces and/or in small amounts in the vagina, probably through contamination during defaecation. Amoxicillin induced a persistent vaginal E. coli DS17 colonization in nine of ten experiments. The study thus shows that uropathogenic E. coli may persist for long time in the faeces and that, in this situation, amoxicillin may promote an abnormal, vaginal E. coli colonization similar to that characteristic of females prone to recurrent UTI and often preceding manifest urinary infections.
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PMID:Amoxicillin promotes vaginal colonization with adhering Escherichia coli present in faeces. 270 73

Beta-Endorphin, infused into the pre-optic/anterior hypothalamus (40 pmoles bilaterally) of the male rat before he was placed in an arena containing an oestrous female, inhibited mounting, intromitting and ejaculation, but investigative behaviour continued at control levels. If the infusion was delayed until the male had made an intromission, then beta-endorphin no longer had any effect on sexual interaction, the male mounting and ejaculating as if he had received a control infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. However, if the male was returned to a different female after the infusion had been completed, then the suppressive effects of beta-endorphin returned. Males infused during the refractory period following an ejaculation (and returned to the same female) showed unimpaired return of sexual activity. Imposing a delay of up to 2 h after an intromission and an infusion showed that the effect of beta-endorphin was still antagonized when the male was again paired with the same female; however, by 6 h, its inhibitory effects were beginning to return. Allowing the male to mount (but not intromit) a female whose vagina had been taped partially counteracted the behavioural effect of beta-endorphin. If the female was separated from the male by a small wire cage which allowed limited interaction with her, subsequently infusing the males with beta-endorphin suppressed their mounting behaviour. These results show that both investigative and mounting behaviour can occur after infusions of beta-endorphin into the pre-optic/anterior hypothalamus, but that the transition between them is prevented if infusions are made before a critical point in the behavioural sequence. This is the onset of following the female and mounting her. Analysis of the behavioural sequence after either artificial cerebrospinal fluid or beta-endorphin infusions confirmed this; beta-endorphin interrupted the sequence at the first transition between investigative and mounting behaviour. These results suggest that beta-endorphin acts on a neural mechanism in the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus which allows matching of incentive stimulus to specific behavioural response, and this may be a general property of this part of the brain.
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PMID:Differential effects of beta-endorphin infused into the hypothalamic preoptic area at various phases of the male rat's sexual behaviour. 274 21

The risk of cancer associated with a broad range of organ doses was estimated in an international study of women with cervical cancer. Among 150,000 patients reported to one of 19 population-based cancer registries or treated in any of 20 oncology clinics, 4188 women with second cancers and 6880 matched controls were selected for detailed study. Radiation doses for selected organs were reconstructed for each patient on the basis of her original radiotherapy records. Very high doses, on the order of several hundred gray, were found to increase the risk of cancers of the bladder [relative risk (RR) = 4.0], rectum (RR = 1.8), vagina (RR = 2.7), and possibly bone (RR = 1.3), uterine corpus (RR = 1.3), cecum (RR = 1.5), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 2.5). For all female genital cancers taken together, a sharp dose-response gradient was observed, reaching fivefold for doses more than 150 Gy. Several gray increased the risk of stomach cancer (RR = 2.1) and leukemia (RR = 2.0). Although cancer of the pancreas was elevated, there was no evidence of a dose-dependent risk. Cancer of the kidney was significantly increased among 15-year survivors. A nonsignificant twofold risk of radiogenic thyroid cancer was observed following an average dose of only 0.11 Gy. Breast cancer was not increased overall, despite an average dose of 0.31 Gy and 953 cases available for evaluation (RR = 0.9); there was, however, a weak suggestion of a dose response among women whose ovaries had been surgically removed. Doses greater than 6 Gy to the ovaries reduced breast cancer risk by 44%. A significant deficit of ovarian cancer was observed within 5 years of radiotherapy; in contrast, a dose response was suggested among 10-year survivors. Radiation was not found to increase the overall risk of cancers of the small intestine, colon, ovary, vulva, connective tissue, breast, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. For most cancers associated with radiation, risks were highest among long-term survivors and appeared concentrated among women irradiated at relatively younger ages.
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PMID:Radiation dose and second cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. 318 29

The genitals of male and female rats were tactilely stimulated (glass rod) for 10 successive days beginning on postnatal Days 5, 15, 35; handled but nonstimulated litter mates served as the reference groups. Limbic seizures were induced by a single systemic injection of lithium and pilocarpine when the rats were adults. The genitally stimulated female rats displayed a lower seizure threshold (as inferred from shorter seizure-onset times) relative to their cage mates. The single largest effect occurred for those females which had been stimulated after the vagina had opened (postnatal 35-45 days).
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PMID:Early genital stimulation of rats lowers limbic seizure latencies for females but increases latencies for males. 766 67

A case of a fistula between the hip and the vagina in a 46-year-old woman after acetabular revision for a failed total hip arthroplasty (THA) is presented. This patient had undergone multiple revision procedures complicated by infection after a primary THA failed because of chronic recurrent dislocation. The patient 18 months after reconstruction of a pelvic discontinuity using an antiprotrusio cage. The chief complaint was weight-bearing groin pain and persistent atypical vaginal discharge. Plain radiographs showed a fracture of the antiprotrusio cage with medial and superior migration of the acetabular cage into the pelvis. An arthrogram showed a fistula between the hip joint and the vagina. To our knowledge, a hip-vaginal fistula has not been reported previously as a complication of THA.
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PMID:Hip-vagina fistula after acetabular revision. 1282 Jan 3

The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of patients with endometriosis-related cancers. Patients meeting Sampson and Scott's criteria for cancer associated with endometriosis in the Sacramento region were identified by chart review and pathology reports. Twenty-seven patients were identified with endometriosis-related malignancies (mean age 51.4 years). The site of origin was ovary in 17 (63.0%) and extra-ovarian in 10 (37%) including vagina, fallopian tube or mesosalpinx, pelvic sidewall, colon, and parametrium. The pattern of spread was local in five (18.5%), regional in 20 (74.1%) and distant in two (7.4%). Six patients had taken unopposed estrogen replacement (mean duration 23.4 years) and all six had extragonadal disease. Surgical procedures included hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, radical local excision, partial colectomy, and surgical staging. Eighteen patients received postoperative chemotherapy since the majority of patients had ovarian involvement. Fifteen patients received regional radiation therapy. Nineteen patients are without evidence of recurrence (70.4%, mean follow-up of 31 months). Endometriosis-related malignancies have a favorable prognosis. Extragonadal disease was commonly associated with unopposed estrogen replacement therapy. The predominance of local and regional disease strongly influence the application of treatment modalities.
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PMID:Endometriosis-related malignancies. 1291 23

In the female rat, the integrity of the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNAB) is necessary to carry stimuli from the uterine cervix and vagina to brain areas involved in mating-induced pseudopregnancy. Because adrenal hormones are known to alter noradrenergic function, we examined whether adrenalectomy altered mating-induced Fos expression in the A1 and A2 noradrenergic cell groups that project through the VNAB. Ovariectomized females were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-operated (Sham) and, 2 weeks after surgery, were given oestrogen and progesterone and mated. They received 15 intromissions, five intromissions or 15 mounts-without-intromission (mounts-only) from a male. Two hours after mating, rats were perfused and brains were collected; controls were perfused after being taken directly from their home cage. After immunocytochemical staining, Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-IR) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive (DBH-IR) cells and the percentage of DBH cells that were labelled with Fos (% DBH/Fos) were counted. In the A1 area, Fos-IR and percentage DBH/Fos were not affected by adrenalectomy. Although an overall effect of mating treatment was found for both measures, no specific mating treatment increased labelled cells above home cage levels. In the caudal, middle and rostral A2, 15 intromissions induced a significant increase in Fos-IR in Sham females above all other groups and a higher percentage of DBH/Fos in the middle and rostral A2 areas. ADX females showed no rise in either Fos-IR or percentage DBH/Fos after 15 intromissions. However, in the middle and rostral A2, ADX females showed significantly increased Fos-IR and percentage DBH/Fos after mounts-only treatment above Sham mounts-only females and all other ADX groups. These results demonstrate that adrenal hormones suppress activation of A2 cells to mounts-only stimuli but contribute to A2 activation in response to intromissions from males. The latter effect may result from stress associated with receipt of vaginocervical stimulation during mating.
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PMID:Fos expression after mating in noradrenergic cells of the A1 and A2 areas of the medulla is altered by adrenalectomy. 1534 13

Previous results showed that male rats pubertally exposed to anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) displayed aggression towards females in response to physical provocation. This experiment examined two factors that may modulate AAS-induced behavior towards females: olfactory cues and frustration. Gonadally intact males began one of three AAS treatments at puberty (D40): testosterone propionate (T), stanozolol (S), T+S, or vehicle control. To test for the relevance of olfactory cues in the elicitation of behavior toward females, a hidden neighbor paradigm was used. The proximal stimulus was an ovariectomized (OVX) female, estrogen plus progesterone (E+P) female, or an E+P female with tape-obstructed vagina (OBS). Distal olfactory cues from a hidden neighbor were delivered from a separate cage connected to the testing arena. The vaginally obstructed, sexually receptive female (OBS) was used to determine the effects of frustration on behavior by AAS males. Both sexual and aggressive behaviors were measured. The presence of distal olfactory cues had no effect on either sexual or aggressive behavior. In the presence of E+P and OBS females, all males displayed sex behaviors, not aggression. However, AAS males displayed significantly more aggression towards proximal OVX females than controls. AAS males mounted OBS females significantly more than controls, indicating a persistence of once rewarded behavior. These results suggest (1) proximal cues of the conspecific female are more salient than distal olfactory cues in determining behavior and (2) AAS males display frustration-induced persistence in response to vaginally obstructed receptive females.
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PMID:Factors influencing aggression toward females by male rats exposed to anabolic androgenic steroids during puberty. 1704 21


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