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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cancer-associated proteins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and pregnancy-associated alpha2 glycoprotein (PAG), together with 13 normal serum proteins were measured in the serum and effusion fluid of patients with ascites and pleural effusions. The results indicate that CEA measurement in effusion fluid is more effective than serum measurement in distinguishing cancerous from congestive or inflammatory effusions. Comparisons with the results of cytological examination suggest that fluid CEA estimation may prove a useful clinical tool. Serum PAG levels were higher in patients with cancer, but fluid determination offers no advantage in separating the disease groups. Similarly, the estimation of individual normal serum proteins in effusion fluids is unlikely to be of diagnostic value.
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PMID:Cancer-associated proteins in effusion fluids. 87 10

Double antibody radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a cancer-associated antigen of the human digestive system, was subjected to certain modifications and critically evaluated. Modifications pertained to: (a) the production of a high titer goat anti-CEA antiserum that was rendered highly specific by solid phase immunoabsorption with cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose conjugates of normal plasma liver, and colon perchloric acid-soluble glycoprotein antigens: (b) the introduction of suitable alterations in the experimental conditions of radioiodination procedure to minimize and to prevent breakdown of the antigen, thus prolonging the storage of the labeled antigen; (c) the extended incubation period of CEA-anti-CEA immune reaction; and (d) the use of sodium acetate buffer, pH 6.1. Furthermore, the use of an automatic pipetting station for accurate and rapid reagent dispensation and statistical analysis of the radioimmunoassay data on a modern computer to ensure strict quality control of the assay provided some definite improvement over the existing assay.
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PMID:Modifications and evaluation of double antibody radioimmunoassay of human carcinoembryonic antigen. 94 17

With the aid of specific monoclonal antibodies, tumor tissues from 68 patients with lung cancer were examined for their expression of two small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) antigens, Fuc-GM1 (fucosyl GM1; IV2FucII3NeuAc GgOse4) and neural-cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and two broader tumor antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate cancer-associated antigen CA 50. Expression of Fuc-GM1 was seen in 75% and NCAM in 78% of the SCLC specimens, but also in 12 and 20% of non-SCLC. Either or both of these antigens were expressed in more than 90% of SCLC and in 25% of non-SCLC. CEA was found in more than 80% of SCLC and non-SCLC. Expression of CA 50 was seen in 65-68% of non-SCLC and SCLC, showing preference for SCLC and lung adenocarcinoma. In SCLC, cellular expression of Fuc-GM1 was generally seen together with NCAM and CA 50, but rarely with CEA. There was considerable inter- and intratumor heterogeneity in the expression of all four antigens. The results suggest that CEA is the antigen of choice for the detection of lung cancer regardless of histotype. In combined analysis of CEA, CA 50, Fuc-GM1 and NCAM, two patterns of antigen expression were recognized that appear to discriminate between SCLC and non-SCLC tumors, respectively. A considerable fraction of SCLC and non-SCLC tumors, however, exhibited similar patterns of antigen expression. The biological and clinical significance of these observations remains to be investigated.
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PMID:Coexpression of ganglioside antigen Fuc-GM1, neural-cell adhesion molecule, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate tumor-associated antigen CA 50 in lung cancer. 133 98

This article reviews the history and status of cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Although CEA and many other cancer-associated antigens are not distinct for neoplasia, the quantitative increase of these markers in malignant tissues provides a sufficient differential for selective antibody targeting. Animal studies with xenografted human tumors provided the first evidence of the prospects of this technology, followed by initial clinical success with purified goat whole IgG antibodies to CEA, labeled with 131I and with the use of dual-isotope subtraction methods. Subsequently, improved and earlier imaging could be accomplished with monoclonal antibody fragments, which then would permit the use of shorter-lived radionuclides, such as 111In, 123I, and 99mTc. The preferred use of a monoclonal anti-CEA IgG Fab' fragment, labeled with 99mTc by a recently developed, simple and rapid kit, has enabled the detection of small lesions, including those in the liver, within 4 h of injection. By means of SPECT imaging, a high sensitivity and specificity for RAID could be achieved.
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PMID:Cancer imaging with CEA antibodies: historical and current perspectives. 143 43

Elevation of the carcinoembryonal antigen concentration in patients with pulmonary carcinoma is directly dependent on the tumor process dissemination. Measurements of mucinous cancer-associated antigen, neurospecific enolase, CA-125 improve the reliability of enzyme immunoassays of tumor markers of lung cancer. Measurements of carcinoembryonic antigen over the course of treatment may become a valuable test permitting an objective assessment of the treatment efficacy.
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PMID:[Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in lung cancer using an immunoenzyme assay]. 171 51

A novel method has been developed to quantify alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity in human sera by applying a sandwich-type immunoradiometric assay. H type 2 trisaccharide (6Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc) covalently attached to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as an acceptor and incubated with serum samples in the presence of guanosine diphosphate-fucose. The resulting product, Y tetrasaccharide (Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3] GlcNAc beta-BSA), was detected by a sequential use of anti-BSA antibody-coated bead and 125I-labeled anti-Y antibody. Inter- and intra-assay CVs for alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase were both less than 4%, and the results of the dilution linearity and analytical recovery studies were satisfactory. Using the present assay method, we measured alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase in serum from patients with benign and malignant gastric disorders and in healthy subjects. The detection rate of alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase for cancer was apparently higher than that of carcinoembryonic antigen measured in the same samples, particularly in the early clinical stage; indeed, no correlation was observed between the concentrations of the two potential markers. The results indicate that the present assay method seems to be excellent for the determination of serum alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity and useful for the detection of cancer-associated increases of the enzyme activity at the early stage of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Novel method for quantifying alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity in serum. 176 83

The development of new and effective marker substances has optimized tumor-marker-guided follow-up programs to monitor generalization of disease and to assess the therapeutic outcome. Isoferritins of placental origin were first determined in the serum of patients with lymphoproliferative disease by way of the recently developed monoclonal antibody CMH-9. We have set up an Austro-Israeli working group and analysed 64 patients in terms of the sensitivity of placental ferritin (PLF) compared with the standard markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and mucinous-like cancer-associated antigen (MCA) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We have additionally evaluated the importance of combined marker determination. Analysis of the data in view of site of metastatic spread yielded satisfying results both for PLF (sensitivity 70.4%) as well as MCA (sensitivity 76.9%) for visceral metastases; a combination of these two markers revealed a striking sensitivity of 88.4%, which, however, could not be improved by adding the third marker (CEA). With regard to non-visceral metastases, CEA and MCA were clearly superior.
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PMID:Placental isoferritin (PLF) in comparison with MCA and CEA in advanced breast cancer--first data from a pilot study. 177 47

A new human gastric cancer cell line (OCUM-1), which was derived from Borrmann type IV tumor of the stomach, was established. The cell line grew sometimes singly and sometimes in clusters, and continued to grow for more than 3 years. It's doubling time was 33.2 hours, chromosomal mode was 50, and nuclear DNA ploidy pattern was diploid. The cells could grow in nude mice. It produced carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and cancer-associated antigen SPan-1 and expressed epidermal growth factor receptor. Supplementation of epidermal growth factor to culture medium increased the cell number statistically significantly. It was decreased by supplementation of chondroitin sulphate. So the cell line OCUM-1 might be useful for the study of gastric cancer, especially Borrmann type IV gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of a new gastric cancer cell line (OCUM-1), derived from Borrmann type IV tumor]. 196 Nov 83

Sialyl Lex-i (SLX) concentrations in the extracts of noncancerous and cancerous tissues of various human organs were determined by radioimmunoassay for detailed evaluation of SLX. Cancerous tissues had significantly elevated SLX concentrations compared with noncancerous tissues of various organs. Tissue SLX concentration of the cancerous part was significantly higher than that of the adjacent noncancerous part in the same tissue. There was no significant correlation between tissue SLX concentration and serum SLX level. Positive localization of SLX was clearly observed in such cancerous tissues by immunohistochemical study, although not in any noncancerous tissues. Each of the antigens: SLX, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 125 showed a different distribution pattern in tissue concentration or localization in various organs. These results indicate that SLX may be a valuable cancer-associated antigen produced by malignant tissues, suggesting its clinical application as a tumor marker.
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PMID:Elevated tissue concentrations of sialyl Lex-i in cancerous tissues compared with those in noncancerous tissues of various organs. 204 31

"New" carbohydrate structures on the surface of or secreted by cancer cells, identified as epitopes by monoclonal antibodies, are reviewed. These structures may represent the accumulation of precursor chains because of decreased activity of synthesizing enzymes, the production of new oligosaccharides due to increased or aberrant glycosylation of carbohydrate chains, a change in density of carbohydrates on the cell surface, or exposure of chains usually covered by other structures. Alterations in glycolipid synthesis include aberrant fucosylation and/or sialyation of the lacto series, sialylation or fucosylation of the globo series, and sialyation of the ganglio series. Many of these carbohydrate epitopes have become useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of patients with cancer. Some of the important markers include CA 15.3, CA 19.9, CA 50, CA 125, CA 242, MCA, SLEX, etc. Incomplete glycosylation of O-linked mucin oligosaccharide is recognized as the important "cancer antigen" B72.3, which is sialyated Tn. The oligosaccharide components of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and epidermal growth factor receptor are also reviewed. In many instances the glycosylation seen in cancer cells or their products reflects patterns seen during normal development. Thus, cancer-associated oligosaccharides are oncodevelopmental in nature. The biologic significance of carbohydrates on cell surfaces is not known, but several possibilities include a role in cell to cell recognition, intracellular processing of glycoproteins, cell activation, and ability of cancer cells to metastasize.
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PMID:Cancer-associated carbohydrates identified by monoclonal antibodies. 221 Jul 23


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