Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cohort of 17,633 white males age 35 and older responded to a mailed epidemiological questionnaire in 1966 and was followed until 1986 to determine the risk of cancer associated with diet, tobacco use, and other factors. During the 20-year follow-up, 149 fatal prostate cancer cases were identified. Relative risks for prostate cancer were significantly elevated among cigarette smokers (relative risk, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.9) and users of smokeless tobacco (relative risk, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.1). No significant associations were found with frequency of consumption of meats, dairy products, fruits, or vegetables. There were no overall significant associations between consumption of vitamin A from animal sources (retinol) and provitamin A from plant sources (carotene) and risk, but positive trends were seen for ages under 75, while inverse associations were found at older ages. Beverage consumption, including drinking coffee and alcohol, was unrelated to risk. Marital status, education, rural/urban status, and farming residence were also unrelated to the risk of fatal prostate cancer. The findings add to limited evidence that tobacco may be a risk factor for prostate cancer, but fail to provide clues to dietary or other risk factors.
Cancer Res 1990 Nov 01
PMID:Diet, tobacco use, and fatal prostate cancer: results from the Lutheran Brotherhood Cohort Study. 203 48

"New" carbohydrate structures on the surface of or secreted by cancer cells, identified as epitopes by monoclonal antibodies, are reviewed. These structures may represent the accumulation of precursor chains because of decreased activity of synthesizing enzymes, the production of new oligosaccharides due to increased or aberrant glycosylation of carbohydrate chains, a change in density of carbohydrates on the cell surface, or exposure of chains usually covered by other structures. Alterations in glycolipid synthesis include aberrant fucosylation and/or sialyation of the lacto series, sialylation or fucosylation of the globo series, and sialyation of the ganglio series. Many of these carbohydrate epitopes have become useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of patients with cancer. Some of the important markers include CA 15.3, CA 19.9, CA 50, CA 125, CA 242, MCA, SLEX, etc. Incomplete glycosylation of O-linked mucin oligosaccharide is recognized as the important "cancer antigen" B72.3, which is sialyated Tn. The oligosaccharide components of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and epidermal growth factor receptor are also reviewed. In many instances the glycosylation seen in cancer cells or their products reflects patterns seen during normal development. Thus, cancer-associated oligosaccharides are oncodevelopmental in nature. The biologic significance of carbohydrates on cell surfaces is not known, but several possibilities include a role in cell to cell recognition, intracellular processing of glycoproteins, cell activation, and ability of cancer cells to metastasize.
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PMID:Cancer-associated carbohydrates identified by monoclonal antibodies. 221 Jul 23

Karyotypic abnormalities have been described in more than 10,000 human neoplasms analyzed by means of chromosome banding. These aberrations are of three different kinds: primary abnormalities, which are essential in establishing the tumor; secondary abnormalities, which develop only after the neoplasm is established but which nevertheless may be important in tumor progression; and cytogenetic noise, which is the background level of nonconsequential aberrations. These latter changes are, in contrast to the primary and secondary aberrations, randomly distributed throughout the genome. The primary abnormalities, of which more than 100 have been identified, are strictly correlated with particular neoplastic disorders and even with histopathological subgroups within a given tumor type. To these purely cytogenetic data implicating specific genetic changes in carcinogenesis may now be added the growing evidence of molecular specificity emerging from recombinant DNA studies. It appears that both currently known classes of directly cancer-relevant genes, the dominant oncogenes and the recessive anti-oncogenes, are located at precisely those genomic sites that are visibly involved in neoplasia-associated chromosomal rearrangements. The molecular genetic data thus support the cytogenetic conclusion that the distribution of consistently cancer-associated breakpoints reflects the genomic position of genes that, either directly or through the control function they exert, are essential in the proliferation and differentiation of human cells.
Cancer Detect Prev 1990
PMID:Chromosome abnormalities in cancer. 222 17

Chronic and acute, myeloid and lymphatic haematological neoplasms are characterized by acquired genetic rearrangements that, in the majority of cases, can be detected as clonal chromosomal abnormalities. The aberrations are either primary, meaning that they contribute to the establishment of the neoplasm, or secondary, in which case they are acquired during the clonal evolution and malignization of the neoplastic cells. The abnormalities are non-randomly distributed; the aberration pattern differs from disease to disease and sometimes is so characteristic that individual rearrangements may be virtually pathognomonic for particular neoplasms. The cytogenetic characterization of haematological malignancies is of two-fold importance. First, the recurrent aberrations provide us with an insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms that are operative. They pinpoint those areas of the human genome that carry genes or regulatory sequences whose function is disturbed in leukaemias and lymphomas. Using DNA recombinant techniques in addition to chromosome-level investigations of these cancer-associated rearrangements, the molecular pathology of leukaemias and lymphomas is now gradually being unravelled. Second, even before the long-term goal of a more fundamental understanding of the neoplastic process is reached, the cytogenetic aberrations have a direct clinical importance. The finding of an acquired, clonal chromosome abnormality in haematopoietic cells (-Y in old men is an exception) means that the patient has a neoplastic disease. Often, but by no means always, the type of aberration is also informative as to which type of neoplasm is present. During therapy, remission and relapse can be monitored by cytogenetic analyses. Finally, the karyotypic pattern influences prognosis and may thus be taken into account when the choice of therapy is made.
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PMID:Cytogenetics in the investigation of haematological disorders. 227 96

A review is made of the epidemiological studies of occupational cancer risks among tannery, leather and shoe industry workers. The risk of nasal cancer associated with exposure to leather dust, which had already been stressed at the beginning of the 1970's, was confirmed in recent studies. However, a decreasing trend of RR was observed among shoe industry workers. The excess of leukemia among shoe workers, which was mainly based on the description of numerous cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia, has also been confirmed by two cohort studies carried out in Italy and the U.K. In addition to the evident increase in these two diseases, there are indications of an excess of cancer of other sites among leather and shoe workers, particularly bladder cancer, both among workers assigned to leather finishing operations and in leather goods and shoe production workers. Another interesting result is the excess of lung cancer among tannery workers. This evidence is unanimous in the studies carried out in Italy but is not supported by the majority of studies performed in other countries. For this reason, we consider it extremely important to carry out a multicentric study in Italy, with particular attention to the definition of occupational exposures to carcinogens. There are also other isolated reports of excesses of other cancers in the shoe and leather industries but in our opinion they are of dubious interpretation.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic studies on carcinogenic risk and occupational activities in tanning, leather and shoe industries]. 227 95

The presence of Lewis blood group antigens (Lewis(a), Lewis(b)) was determined immunohistochemically in 75 carcinomas and 58 adenomas of the sigmoid colon and rectum. 1. The rate of positive Lewis(b) staining of adult normal mucosa was 100% in the ascending colon, 100% in the transverse colon, 25% in the sigmoid colon and 30% in the rectum, respectively. The incidence of Lewis(b) was high in the proximal colon but low in the sigmoid colon and rectum. 2. The rate of positive Lewis(b) staining was 97% in cancer, 57% in adenoma and 26% in normal mucosa, respectively. The difference between the incidence of positive Lewis(b) staining in normal mucosa, and those in cancer and adenoma was significant (p less than 0.01). 3. The rate of positive Lewis(b) staining was 42% in mild and moderate dysplastic adenoma and 68% in severe dysplastic adenoma. There was a significant difference between the percentage of Lewis(b) staining in mild or moderate dysplastic adenoma and that of severe dysplastic adenoma (p less than 0.05). The expression of Lewis(b) antigen correlated with the size of adenoma. These results suggest that Lewis(b) antigen has a cancer-associated nature and Lewis(b) staining might be useful as an indicator of malignant potential of adenoma of the sigmoid colon and rectum.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies on Lewis blood group antigens in carcinomas and adenomas of the sigmoid colon and rectum]. 227 17

The presence of cancer-associated antigens CA125, CA19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in apparently normal respiratory system was demonstrated histochemically and immunochemically. Epithelial cells lining central airways (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioli) and respiratory glands were specifically stained by antibodies recognizing CA125, CA19-9, and CEA. Most, if not all, bronchial mucus obtained from patients without pulmonary diseases during general anesthesia contained remarkably high levels of CA125, CA19-9, and CEA ranging from 190 to 41,000 U/ml (594-4803 U/mg protein), 210 to 95,000 U/ml (294-197,917 U/mg protein), and 6 to 940 ng/ml (14-209 ng/mg protein), respectively, whereas serum antigen levels were normal in all cases examined. These results suggest that CA125, CA19-9, and CEA are synthesized and secreted by normal epithelial cells of central airways and/or respiratory glands and that these substances are not specific indicators of abnormal cellular activity.
Cancer 1990 Feb 01
PMID:Normal bronchial mucus contains high levels of cancer-associated antigens, CA125, CA19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen. 229 41

Short-term cultures from five squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx were subjected to cytogenetic analysis. In the first three cases, two, three, and 10 chromosomally abnormal clones were detected. Single clonal abnormalities were found in cases 4 and 5. In addition to the clonal aberrations, a number of nonclonal changes were also present in all five tumors. None of the aberrations, clonal or nonclonal, was found in more than one tumor, nor did the rearrangements correspond to any of the consistently cancer-associated aberrations known from other tumors. The remarkably diverse karyotypic picture of the five squamous cell larynx carcinomas, in particular the finding of cytogenetically unrelated clones in three of them, suggests that some of these neoplasms are polyclonal rather than monoclonal.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1990 Feb
PMID:Multiple clonal chromosome aberrations in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. 229 81

Cancer-related maternal mortality is a rare event. We report the first population-based study of this issue using data collected by the Committee on Maternal Welfare of the Massachusetts Medical Society between 1954 and 1985. The incidence of cancer-related maternal mortality during the study period fell from 3.16 to 0 per 100,000 live births. The most common cancer-associated maternal deaths were due to central nervous system tumors and hematological cancers. To determine the effects of pregnancy on cancer mortality, we compared our data with figures from the Connecticut Register of Mortality for Women aged 15-44. In the pregnant group there was a significantly higher incidence of mortality due to central nervous system tumors and a significantly lower incidence of mortality due to breast cancer. The data suggest that pregnancy may not be contraindicated for a woman with a history of breast cancer, but may be contraindicated for a woman with a history of a central nervous system tumor.
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PMID:Cancer-related maternal mortality in Massachusetts, 1954-1985. 231 51

Tumors from patients with humoral hypercalcemia of cancer produce a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP). We have developed two region-specific immunoassays capable of measuring PTHRP in plasma: an immunoradiometric assay directed toward PTHRP amino acid sequence 1 to 74 and a radioimmunoassay directed toward PTHRP amino acid sequence 109 to 138. Sixty normal subjects had low or undetectable plasma PTHRP (1 to 74) concentrations (mean, 1.9 pmol per liter) and undetectable PTHRP (109 to 138) concentrations (less than 2.0 pmol per liter). Patients with humoral hypercalcemia of cancer (n = 30) had elevated levels of both PTHRP (1 to 74) (mean, 20.9 pmol per liter) and PTHRP (109 to 138) (mean, 23.9 pmol per liter). The plasma concentrations of immunoreactive PTHRP correlated with the levels of urinary cyclic AMP excreted; in some patients, the concentrations decreased after the tumors were resected. Patients with chronic renal failure (n = 15) had plasma PTHRP (1 to 74) concentrations similar to those in the normal subjects, but their plasma PTHRP (109 to 138) concentrations were elevated (mean, 29.6 pmol per liter). The levels of both peptides were normal in patients with hyperparathyroidism and those with hypercalcemia due to various other causes. Breast milk contained high concentrations of PTHRP. An anti-PTHRP (1 to 36) immunoaffinity column failed to extract PTHRP (109 to 138) immunoactivity from plasma, suggesting that the C-terminal region circulates as a separate peptide. We conclude that plasma PTHRP concentrations are high in the majority of patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia and that the circulating forms of PTHRP in such patients include both a large N-terminal (1 to 74) peptide and a C-terminal (109 to 138) peptide. Measuring the concentrations of PTHRPs may be useful in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Immunochemical characterization of circulating parathyroid hormone-related protein in patients with humoral hypercalcemia of cancer. 232 83


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