Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several major alterations in glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids occur in colorectal cancer resulting in the expression of cancer associated antigenic epitopes. These changes can occur either in the outer peripheral, middle, or inner core regions of the carbohydrate side chains. The major changes are increased expression, inappropriate expression, deletion and modification of antigenic structures present in normal colorectal tissues. These changes are illustrated by recent studies on the expression of several blood group antigens such as A,B,H, and Leb antigens, modified blood group related antigens such as sialosyl Lea, CA 50, SPan-1, Lex (X) and Ley (Y) antigens and inner core carbohydrate antigen such as T, Tn and Sialosyl-Tn antigens. These changes also occur in adenomatous polyps and appear to correlate with parameters of malignant potential. Thus, these carbohydrate antigens may serve as premalignant markers which may be useful in identification and screening of subjects at high risk for developing colorectal cancer. Carbohydrate containing cancer and malignant markers show considerable promise as potential candidates in immunodetection, staging and therapy of colorectal cancer.
Semin Cancer Biol 1990 Jun
PMID:Carbohydrate antigen expression in colorectal cancer. 210 94

Serum cancer-associated galactosyltransferase antigen (caGT) was assayed in gynecological cancer patients by means of a GT-II-reactive monoclonal antibody (MAb 3872)-based immunoassay. Thirty-six of 47 (75%) ovarian cancer patients showed a significant elevation of caGT in serum above the cutoff level of 200 milliunits/ml (mean +/- 2 SD) determined from normal controls. Particularly, serum caGT levels in eight of nine patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma were above the cutoff value, and six of them gave more than 200 milliunits/ml. Elevation of caGT in serum from pregnant women was also detected, and the level increased during the course of gestation. Immunohistochemical study revealed that not only various ovarian carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro, but also syncytiotrophoblast of early gestational placenta, fetal tissues such as mucus-producing cells in the lower alimentary tract, and renal tubules at the 11th week of gestation were stained with MAb 3872, thus indicating its oncofetal character. Compared with CA-125, caGT showed a lower false-positive rate (10%) in benign gynecological diseases, and there was no correlation between caGT and CA-125 values. Therefore, caGT will be a useful tumor marker for ovarian cancers, especially for clear cell carcinoma.
Cancer Res 1990 Feb 01
PMID:Cancer-associated galactosyltransferase as a new tumor marker for ovarian clear cell carcinoma. 210 62

In order to evaluate the usefulness of cocktails of labeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) recognizing different antigen molecules to localize human cancer xenografts, we have compared the potential of three MoAbs recognizing representative cancer-associated CA 19-9, 17-1A and CEA antigens when administered alone or in combination. Specific binding of radioiodinated F(ab')2 fragments of these three MoAbs was observed to human colorectal cancer cell lines SW1116, LS180 and Co-3. The percentage of in vitro cell binding of a cocktail of any two MoAbs to cancer cells was equal to the average of those obtained with the two MoAbs alone. The three MoAbs were preferentially localized in tumor tissues xenografted in nude mice. When cocktails of any two MoAbs were used, the obtained tumor-to-normal tissue ratios and percent of injected dose per gram of tumor were between the levels obtained for each MoAb when administered alone, in all three tumors transplanted in nude mice. These data suggest that, although cocktails of labeled MoAbs recognizing different antigens may extend the spectrum of tumor specificities, their use does not improve the tumor localization ability of MoAb-conjugates.
Jpn J Cancer Res 1990 Mar
PMID:Influence of cocktails of labeled monoclonal antibodies on the localization of antibodies in human tumor xenografts. 211 30

ABH antigens are expressed by colonic epithelial cells throughout the colon during fetal life but only in proximal segments during adulthood. Malignant and premalignant colonic tumors frequently exhibit ABH reappearance (distal lesions) or ABH deletion (proximal lesions) and occasionally express incompatible A or B substances. Mechanisms governing these developmental and cancer-associated alterations are unknown. Therefore, experiments were performed to assess the activities of biosynthetic (glycosyltransferase) and degradative (glycosidase) enzymes in normal and cancerous tissues of the proximal and distal colon. In normal colonic mucosa, A, B, and H transferase activities were similar in proximal and distal segments. Analysis of enzyme substrate affinities and product characterization confirmed that the ABH transferases in colonic tissues were similar to the gene-specified transferases in human serum. Glycosidase enzyme activities were also comparable in proximal and distal normal colon. Cancers had lower A and B transferase but similar H transferase activities compared with paired normal mucosa. Thus, the absence of ABH antigen expression in normal distal colon is not caused by insufficient glycosyltransferase activity or excessive glycosidase activity.
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PMID:Blood group antigen synthesis and degradation in normal and cancerous colonic tissues. 211 34

The carcinogenicity of sublimed urethane (ethyl carbamate) in air was examined with mice. JCL:ICR mice were nursed in a plastic cage inside a vinyl chamber which was ventilated 4 times per hour. The mice were exposed to urethane gas for various periods by passing air which contained a high concentration of sublimed urethane (1.29 micrograms/ml) into the vinyl chamber, or by placing a vessel containing crystalline urethane inside the vinyl chamber so that it was filled with spontaneously-sublimed urethane gas at a low concentration (0.25 microgram/ml). When female mice were killed 5 months after exposure, lung tumor frequency increased almost linearly with the number of days of exposure in the low concentration experiment, but increased in a non-linear manner in the high concentration experiment. In terms of nearly the same total dose, i.e., (concentration of urethane gas in air) X (days of inhalation), one day of exposure to urethane gas at the low concentration induced lung tumors at a significantly higher frequency than 1/4 day of exposure to urethane gas at the high concentration. When male mice were killed at 12 months after exposure to examine the progressive change of induced tumors, malignant, invasive and metastatic tumors were found to have been induced more frequently in the lung after exposure to urethane gas at the low concentration (0.25 microgram/ml for 10 days) than at the high concentration (1.29 microgram/ml for 4 days), although the total dose in the former group was about half of that in the latter. Continuous exposure to urethane gas for a longer period at the low concentration seems to be more efficient for the induction, promotion and/or progression of lung tumors than the exposure for a shorter period at the high concentration.
Jpn J Cancer Res 1990 Aug
PMID:Carcinogenicity of sublimed urethane in mice through the respiratory tract. 211 89

This investigation studied the effects of a shift from a mixed diet to a lactovegetarian diet on some cancer-associated bacterial enzymes in human feces (beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and sulphatase). Three months after the shift to the lactovegetarian diet, there was a significant decrease in beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and sulphatase activities per gram feces wet weight (p less than 0.05, less than 0.05, and less than 0.001, respectively). In contrast, glucuronide and glucoside hydrolysis remained unchanged per gram dry weight, although sulphatase activity was still significantly lowered when expressed this way (p less than 0.01). However, the fecal excretion increased significantly (p less than 0.05). Part of the explanation for the decreased enzyme activities is obviously a dilution effect, because much of the increased fecal weight after the shift in diet was associated with a higher water content. The higher water content was probably due to a higher fiber intake (p less than 0.001). Thus, the results in this paper indicate that a change from a mixed diet to a lactovegetarian diet leads to a decrease in certain enzyme activities proposed to be risk factors for colon cancer.
Nutr Cancer 1990
PMID:Shift from a mixed diet to a lactovegetarian diet: influence on some cancer-associated intestinal bacterial enzyme activities. 212 19

Chlorinated phenols, which are used primarily as wood preservatives and fungicides, are present in most air, water, and soil samples in industrialized areas as well as in the urine of most people. We have examined the ability of phenol and the 19 isomers of chlorophenol to induce DNA damage using the Microscreen prophage-induction assay in Escherichia coli. Seven of the isomers (2,3,4,-tri, 2,4,5-tri, 3,4,5-tri, 2,3,4,5-tetra, 2,3,6-tri, 2,4,6-tri, and pentachlorophenol) induced prophage lambda in the presence of S9, with the first three being approximately 10 times more potent than the last three. The more potent isomers have either one or no chlorine atom ortho to the OH group; whereas the less potent isomers have two chlorine atoms ortho to the OH group. Although none of the 20 compounds is mutagenic in Salmonella, the prophage-induction results agree with findings by others that most of these seven isomers are clastogenic, are associated with cancer and chromosomal aberrations in humans (pentachlorophenol), and are carcinogenic in rodents (2,4,6-tri and pentachlorophenol). A likely basis for the genotoxicity of the seven isomers involves the metabolism of the parent isomer to a chlorohydroquinone, which can form a chlorobenzosemiquinone in the presence of oxygen. These two metabolites can produce free radicals that can cause DNA strand breaks, resulting in prophage induction in E. coli or, possibly, the chromosomal aberrations/cancer associated with human exposure to chlorophenols.
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PMID:Induction of prophage lambda by chlorophenols. 213 84

During the past fifteen years strong evidence has accumulated that particular types of human papilloma viruses are involved in the aetiology of cervical cancer. Early reports suggested that women with cytological signs of papilloma virus infection have a significantly higher risk to develop cervical cancer. Recent studies with sensitive detection methods for viral nucleic acids, however, demonstrated that latent papilloma virus infections are widespread and that only a minor part of infected people will suffer from epithelial lesions that may progress to invasive cancer. The infection per se is apparently not sufficient to induce the malignant phenotype in genital keratinocytes. Detailed molecular analysis of cervical cancer cells revealed that the DNA of the cancer associated papilloma viruses is usually integrated into the cellular genome of the carcinoma cells. Only two viral genes (E6 and E7) are always preserved in a functional active state. The expression of these two genes is deregulated since physiological control mechanisms for viral gene expression are eliminated by the integration process. Artificial introduction of the E6-E7 genes into genital keratinocytes leads to unlimited growth of these cells in tissue culture but does not convert them into the malignant state. Keratinocytes that express the E6-E7 genes resemble in some aspects cells found in premalignant lesions, e.g. the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Thus, the deregulated expression of the papilloma virus E6-E7 genes appears not to be sufficient to evoke cancer. Additional not yet characterized factors must cooperate with the viral E6-E7 genes to transform keratinocytes into the full malignant phenotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The role of papillomaviruses in the etiology of cervix cancer]. 216 60

A retrospective analysis of 118 cases of dermatomyositis (DM) collected in 22 departments of dermatology over a 5-year period is presented. 34 cases (28%) were associated with a cancer that was diagnosed more than 1 year prior to (7 cases), concomitantly (22 cases) or more than 1 year after (5 cases) the occurrence of DM. There was a clear correlation between the evolution of DM and a cancer paraneoplastic evolution in 8 cases only (22%). In most of the cases, no extensive diagnostic procedures were necessary for identifying the tumors. 58% of the patients with cancer-associated DM died 20 (8-29) months after the diagnosis of DM. This multicenter study based on a short period of time confirms and extends previous observations based on retrospective single-center analyses.
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PMID:Dermatomyositis and malignancy. A multicenter cooperative study. 219 25

Preliminary information has suggested that megestrol acetate leads to appetite stimulation and nonfluid weight gain in patients with breast cancer, other cancers, and AIDS. Pursuant to this, we developed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of megestrol acetate in patients with cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia. We randomly assigned 133 eligible patients to receive 800 mg of megestrol acetate per day or a placebo. Patients assigned to megestrol acetate more frequently reported improved appetite (P = .003) and food intake (P = .009) when compared with patients receiving the placebo. A weight gain of 15 lb or more over baseline was seen in 11 of 67 (16%) patients receiving megestrol acetate compared with one of 66 (2%) given the placebo (P = .003). Patients receiving megestrol acetate reported significantly less nausea (13% vs. 38%; P = .001) and emesis (8% vs. 25%, P = .009). No clinically or statistically significant toxic reactions were ascribed to megestrol acetate, with the exception of mild edema. This study convincingly demonstrated that megestrol acetate can stimulate appetite and food intake in patients with anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer, leading to significant weight gain in a proportion of such patients.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1990 Jul 04
PMID:Controlled trial of megestrol acetate for the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia. 199 53


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