Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to analyse, at the electron microscope level, the three-dimensional configuration of the trans compartment of the Golgi apparatus rat dorsal root ganglia were treated to demonstrate cytidine monophosphatase (CMPase) activity. The localization of enzymatic activity in the Golgi apparatus varied according to cell types. In type A and C cells, CMPase was exclusively located in the transmost sacculotubular element, whereas in type B cells all the saccules of the stacks forming the Golgi ribbon and the trans-Golgi networks were impregnated. Numerous dense bodies seen at proximity were also CMPase positive. In 3 microns thick sections of type A cells examined at low magnification, the impregnated element was scattered throughout the cytoplasm and never formed a continuous structure. In type B cells, the strongly reactive trans-Golgi networks did not follow the entire length of the impregnated Golgi ribbon but were preferentially located in the concavity of its arched portions. At higher magnification and in all cell types some tubular portions of the trans-Golgi networks took the appearance of spheroidal cage-like structures, the CMPase positive anastomotic tubules forming the bars of the cage. Anastomotic tubules separated from the trans-Golgi networks formed fenestrated spheres, while nearby CMPase-reactive dense bodies exhibited a paler hilus. These observations were taken to indicate that in ganglion cells, some CMPase positive dense bodies, presumably lysosomes, formed by fragmentation of the trans-Golgi networks.
Anat Rec 1992 Jan
PMID:Three-dimensional structure of cytidine monophosphatase reactive trans-Golgi elements in spinal ganglion cells of the rat. 131 Nov 57

A number of theoretical models have been developed in population genetics to explain the evolution of recombination system under natural selection for adaptive traits. Using Drosophila cage populations of large size the effect of selection for resistance to daily temperature fluctuations on the rec-system was studied in this work. It is established that selection for population adaptability to extreme conditions leads during several tens of generations to significant increase in crossing-over rate within various parts of the genome (especially in b-cn and ru-h of chromosomes 2 and 3), as well as to relaxation of exchange interference for adjacent and non-adjacent segments. The Fisher's theoretical prognosis about tightening of linkage in optimal constant conditions was experimentally confirmed for the first time.
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PMID:[Efficiency of feedback selection for recombination in Drosophila]. 207 8

Walking and bouts of wing movement performed by 61-week-old ISA brown laying hens which had been taken from one batch of eggs and then kept in three different housing systems which allowed a gradation in spatial freedom, were recorded. After slaughter the breaking strengths of the humerus and tibia of birds from each system were measured. Birds from battery cages exhibited the fewest limb movements and had the weakest bones, their humeri having only 54 per cent of the strength of those of birds from a perchery. Birds from the Elson terrace system were heavier and had a stronger tibia than cage birds. Compared with perchery birds, terrace birds had weaker humeri and also performed fewer wing movements. The results indicate that the amount of movement possible for laying hens in battery cages was insufficient to avoid levels of osteopenia and consequent bone fragility much greater than in birds kept in the perchery and Elson terrace systems.
Vet Rec 1990 Apr 14
PMID:Limb bone strength and movement in laying hens from different housing systems. 223 25

Groups of 10 birds were obtained from four flocks which had shown evidence of natural salmonella infection. S enteritidis had been isolated from three flocks and S typhimurium from the fourth. Each bird was housed in a separate cage and blood samples and cloacal swabs were taken weekly to follow the course of natural infection. After four weeks the birds were killed and examined post mortem. The isolation of Salmonella species could not be related to the serological results. In individual birds the rapid slide test and tube agglutination test could not be relied upon to detect infection; the microantiglobulin test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were more sensitive than the other tests and detected some infected birds that were negative by the rapid slide and tube agglutination tests, and also showed high titres in some birds from which Salmonella species could not be isolated post mortem. Sera obtained from two flocks which had a history of natural S enteritidis infection were evaluated by all the tests; evidence of infection was found with the microantiglobulin and ELISA tests but not with the other tests.
Vet Rec 1989 Dec 02
PMID:Serological and bacteriological investigations of chickens from flocks naturally infected with Salmonella enteritidis. 240 74

The strength of the tibia was compared in 72-week-old ISA brown hens housed as groups of four for 52 weeks either in conventional cages or in cages with a 450 mm long perch, positioned either at the front or the back of the cage. The breaking strength of the bone was measured by subjecting it to a gradually increasing force on a three-point rig until it broke. The median strength of the tibia was greater in birds from cages with either front (160 Newtons [N]) or rear perches (152 N) than from conventional cages (135 N). Increased between-bird variation in the cages with perches suggests that there is scope for a further increase in bone strength by the provision of perches long enough to accommodate all the birds simultaneously. These results show that the strength of the tibia can be increased almost as much by using new designs of cage as by housing hens on the floor.
Vet Rec 1989 May 06
PMID:Increase in bone strength of spent laying hens housed in modified cages with perches. 275 29

Two experimental models of acute non-immune inflammation have been developed to enable studies of the biochemical composition and cellular content of exudates to be undertaken. Both are based on the creation of a mild, reproducible and reversible inflammatory reaction, which is free from uncontrolled incidental factors and which causes minimal distress to the experimental animals. The polyester sponge model involves the insertion of small polyester sponge strips soaked in sterile carrageenan solution into subcutaneous neck pouches and their serial removal. The tissue-cage model is based on the initial insertion of a spherical tissue-cage subcutaneously in the neck and the subsequent stimulation with carrageenan of the granulation tissue which lines and permeates the cage. The acute inflammatory exudates have been shown to contain eicosanoids with prostaglandin E2 predominant. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte numbers increased progressively in the polyester sponge model, whereas cell numbers were maximal at 12 hours in the tissue-cage model. The relationships between eicosanoid formation at the site of inflammation and leucocyte accumulation, enzyme release, total protein content of exudates and the temperature of the lesions have been investigated.
Vet Rec 1987 May 30
PMID:Development of equine models of inflammation. The Ciba-Geigy Prize for Research in Animal Health. 282 47

Acute, intense sources of "psychogenic" stress clearly modify the structure and function of the hypophysis, and there are concomitant changes in many peripheral physiological systems. Less dramatic sources of stress yield more equivocal results. An experiment is reported in which nuclear morphology of adenohypophyseal cells from 49 male rats exposed to a chronic, low-intensity stressor was examined both by conventional histological and computer-assisted-image-processing methods. The hypothesis tested was that an unequivocal pattern of morphological changes in the nucleus and nuclear chromatin would be revealed by image processing. Rats were killed after living for a year in a relatively low-stress environment, "crowded" in groups of five animals per cage. The control condition was a minimal stress environment of two rats per cage. Results suggested few signs of pathology from peripheral measures of hypophyseal activity, and direct light microscopic examination of the gland revealed no differences between the two groups. Analysis of computer-enhanced images of the pars distalis nuclei from the adenohypophysis, on the other hand, generated findings that were statistically and biologically significant. Nuclear size increased in the stress condition, the number of chromatin and area occupied by the particles increased, and the position of chromatin shifted toward the periphery of the nucleus. Perhaps more important, optical density analysis indicated that chromatin was less tightly packed in the experimental animals. Implications are that chronic, low-intensity stress modulates nuclear structural changes from a dormant to an active state that portend changes in the peripheral systems influenced by the hypophysis.
Anat Rec 1988 Feb
PMID:Structural changes in nuclear chromatin in rat pituitary after chronic stress of low intensity. 335 55

In recognition of the extensive use of the cat as an experimental model of cardiac innervation, the effects of electrical stimulation of stellate ganglia, thoracic vagosympathetic complexes, and individual feline cardiopulmonary nerves on heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility in all four cardiac chambers were analysed and correlated with the anatomy of the thoracic autonomic nervous system. The right and left stellate ganglia in cats are relatively large and globular. Distinct dorsal and ventral ansae subclavia arise from these ganglia, connecting with the relatively small, spindle-shaped middle cervical ganglia situated in the apices of the thoracic cage bilaterally. A cranial pole nerve arises from each of the middle cervical ganglia and courses cranially to unite with the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglia. On each side, the major cardiopulmonary nerves arise from the middle cervical ganglion, the relatively large vagosympathetic trunk, and the stellate ganglion. On the right side these nerves consist of a very small right stellate cardiac nerve, a recurrent cardiac nerve, a group of craniovagal nerves and a group of caudovagal cardiopulmonary nerves. On the left side are the left stellate cardiac, ventrolateral, ventromedial, and innominate cardiopulmonary nerves. All of these nerves contain efferent parasympathetic and/or sympathetic fibers which modify cardiac chronotropism and/or inotropism. Some contain afferent fibers. These results indicate that specific cardiopulmonary nerves exist in cats, which when stimulated, modify the cardiovascular system in specific fashions.
Anat Rec 1986 Apr
PMID:Functional anatomy of the major cardiac nerves in cats. 370 81

Forty Fischer strain inbred albino rats, evenly divided by sex, were obtained at 9 days of age. The animals were weaned at 21 days and randomly divided into the four experimental groups. Two variations on dietary consistency, hard and soft diet, as well as two variations on cage environment, normal and no biting surfaces, constituted the experimental groupings. The experimental period consisted of 16 weeks during which the animals were raised under the designated conditions. At the end of the experimental period the animals were killed with carbon dioxide, and the entire mandible, and both femurs, were dissected free. Weight and volumetric analysis were carried out in a standard fashion on the cleaned specimens. Area and linear measurements were performed and analyzed with a specially designed computer program. The results showed that there was sexual dimorphism in the Fischer rat both with respect to body weight and the weight, volume, area, and linear measurements of the mandible. The effects of dietary consistency had a greater influence on mandibular ramus size and form than did those caused by alteration in cage environment. The posterior region of the mandible, in association with the heavy muscles of mastication, was affected more by dietary consistency than was the anterior region. The entire region of the mandibular ramus acted as an area of adaptation and growth. The findings of this study indicate that dietary consistency has a small but significant effect on mandibular size in specific measurements. The cage environment used in this experiment did not limit function to the extent necessary to see measurable changes in mandibular measurements.
Anat Rec 1986 Aug
PMID:Effect of controlled dietary consistency and cage environment on the rat mandibular growth. 374 Apr 73

Previous studies have shown that sexual activity increases the weight of the accessory sex glands significantly, while the organ weights correlate inversely with the assayable androgen receptor concentrations in the prostate of sexually active versus sexually resting rats. In an effort to determine the structural basis of this phenomenon, the ventral prostates of adult rats kept with female rats for 4-6 months (HE-rats) were compared to those kept in groups of 5 males in one cage (HO-rats) for the same period. As an estimate of the secretory function of the gland the concentration of prostatic binding protein (PBP) was determined in prostatic cytosols using a highly specific ELISA. Catecholamines were measured by means of HPLC and subsequent electrochemical detection. Morphological studies included immunocytochemistry of PBP, visualization of adrenergic nerves, stereological analysis of stromal and glandular compartments of the prostate, and electron microscopy of the epithelium. The main findings were as follows: 1) The prostates of HE-rats were 35% heavier than those of the HO-rats. 2) The content in secretion was in the same range in both HE-rats and HO-rats (1.5 and 1.44 mg PBP per 1 mg DNA). 3) Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy demonstrated a very homogeneous secretion within the glandular lumen of HO-rats with a diminished amount of secretory material within the glandular cells. In HE-rats the glandular lumina were clearly larger in diameter and intraluminal secretion was less homogeneously stained. The height of the epithelium was increased and the individual secretory cells contained several secretory granules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anat Rec 1985 Aug
PMID:Effects of sexual rest or sexual activity on the structure and function of the ventral prostate of the rat. 407 50


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