Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 3,196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study investigated the effects of a standardized methanol extract of E. longifolia Jack containing the major quassinoid constituents of 13alpha(21)-epoxyeurycomanone (1), eurycomanone (2), 13alpha,21-dihydroeurycomanone (3) and eurycomanol (4) on the epididymal spermatozoa profile of normal and Andrographis paniculata induced infertile rats. The standardized MeOH extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the EtOAc fraction (70 mg/kg), and standardized MeOH extract at 200 mg/kg co-administered with the EtOAc fraction of A. paniculata at 70 mg/kg were each given orally to male Sprague-Dawley albino rats for 48 consecutive days. The spermatozoa count, morphology, motility, plasma testosterone level and Leydig cell count of the animals were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. The results showed that the sperm count of rats given the standardized MeOH extract alone at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were increased by 78.9, 94.3 and 99.2%, respectively when compared with that of control (p < 0.01). The low count, poor motility and abnormal morphology of the spermatozoa induced by the A. paniculata fraction were significantly reversed by the standardized MeOH extract of E. longifolia (p < 0.001). The plasma testosterone level of the rats treated with the standardized MeOH extract at 200 mg/kg was significantly increased (p < 0.01) when compared with that of the control and infertile animals. The spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules and the Leydig cells appeared normal. Testosterone level was significantly higher in the testes (p < 0.01) than in the plasma after 30 days of oral treatment with the standardized MeOH extract. Interestingly, eurycomanone (2) alone was detected in the rat testis homogenates by HPLC-UV and confirmed by LC/MS, and may have contributed towards the improvement of sperm quality. Thus, the plant may potentially be suitable for the management of male infertility.
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PMID:The effect of Eurycoma longifolia on sperm quality of male rats. 1991 66

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of previous phosphoric acid etching on the dentin bond strength of single-step self-etch adhesive systems. Facial surfaces of bovine teeth were wet ground with #600 SiC paper. Adhesives were applied with and without previous phosphoric acid etching, and light irradiated. Resin composite was bonded to the adherend surface, followed by light irradiation and storage in water at 37 degrees C. Four groups (n = 10) were made per adhesive system: with and without previous acid etching and with and without thermal cycling between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C for 10,000 cycles. Specimens were tested in a shear mode at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test at a level of 0.05 were performed. The changes in dentin bond strengths were different among the adhesive systems tested. In all experimental conditions of this study, the dentin bond strength decreased or remained unchanged with previous acid etching. From the results of this study, previous acid etching might not be acceptable for increasing dentin bond strength of the single-step self-etch adhesive systems.
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PMID:Influence of previous acid etching on dentin bond strength of self-etch adhesives. 2003 4

There are no data regarding the late toxicity of trastuzumab (T) administration with radiotherapy (RT). In this experimental study, we aimed to asses if concurrent or sequential administration of T has any impact for the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Fifty-four female Wistar-albino rats were divided into 6 groups. First group of rats (Group 1; concurrent T) had irradiation to whole thoracic region concurrently with T. Second group (Group 2: sequential T-RT) received thoracic irradiation, 1 week after T. Third group (Group 3: sequential RT-T) had thoracic irradiation first and they had T injection 1 week after RT. Fourth group (Group 4: T only) had only T application. Fifth group (Group 5: RT) had only RT. The last group (Group 6: sham) of rats were observed without any application. A single dose of 12 Gy was given to both lungs with an anterior field at 2 cm depth. T dose which was equivalent to 6 mg/kg adult dose was calculated for each rat, and injected by the tail vein. As an end point the extent of pulmonary fibrosis for each field was graded on a scale from 0 (normal lung or minimal fibrous thickening) to 4 (total fibrous obliteration of the field) at histopathological examination. The mean value of fibrosis scores were 1.44, 1.77, 1.75 and 1.62 for Group 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively, without any statistically significant differences among them (P>0.05). The mean value of fibrosis scores for Group 4 and 6 were 0.25 and 0.33, respectively (P>0.05). When the mean value of fibrosis scores of the groups which had RT with or without T, compared with the observation and the T only groups, the difference was significant (P<0.05) (one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc tests) As a conclusion: addition of T to thoracic irradiation either sequentially or concomitantly did not increase radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.
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PMID:The impact of trastuzumab on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis: results of an experimental study. 2004 18

This study evaluated the influence of internal tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the permeability of the coronal dentin in maxillary anterior teeth and premolars. Seventy teeth (14 per group) were used: central incisors (CI), lateral incisor (LI), canines (C), first premolars (1PM) and second premolars (2PM). Pulp chamber access and transversal sectioning at 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction were performed and the specimens were divided into 2 groups (n= 7): a) no treatment and b) bleaching with 38% H2O2. The bleaching agent was applied to the buccal surface and to the pulp chamber for 10 min. This procedure was repeated 3 times. The specimens were processed histochemically with copper sulfate and rubeanic acid, sectioned longitudinally, and digitalized in a scanner. The area of stained dentin was measured using Image Tool software. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (alpha=0.05). There was statistically significant difference (p<0.001) among the untreated groups, CI (0.23 +/- 0.26) having the lowest permeability and LI (10.14 +/- 1.89) the highest permeability. Among the bleached groups, dentin permeability was increased in all groups of teeth except for 2PM. It may be concluded that bleaching with 38% H2O2 affected dentin permeability near the pulp chamber in maxillary anterior teeth and in first and second premolars.
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PMID:Permeability of different groups of maxillary teeth after 38% hydrogen peroxide internal bleaching. 2006 53

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a new storage medium, coconut water, in comparison with other traditional storage media like Hank's balanced salt solution (HBBS) and milk, in maintaining the viability of an established cell line BHK-21/C13 (baby hamster kidney fibroblasts) using the direct suspension cell culture technique.The storage media tested in the study were divided into three major groups and two control groups - Group A: HBBS, Group B: milk, and Group C: coconut water. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0-minute and 24-hour dry times respectively.The three groups were then divided into five subgroups, each denoting the storage time periods 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min and 120 min respectively. The cell line BHK-21/C13 was subcultured and the number of cells was standardized by making a cell suspension using Minimal Essential Medium in five culture plates.One ml of each experimental group (HBBS, milk and coconut water) was added to eight wells of each culture plate. The culture plates containing the cells and the experimental groups were incubated for the respective time periods. The cells were then counted with a Neubauer counting chamber, under light microscope. The results were statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Multiple Range Test using the Tukey-HSD procedure to identify the significant groups at p </= 0.05.Within the parameters of this study, it appears that coconut water may be a better alternative to HBSS or milk, in terms of maintaining cell viability. Coconut water can be used as a superior transport medium for avulsed teeth.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of maintenance of cell viability of an experimental transport media "coconut water" with Hank's balanced salt solution and milk, for transportation of an avulsed tooth: An in vitro cell culture study. 2014 80

The current study evaluated the chromatic influence of high, medium and low value composites on a dentin composite substrate (A2 shade) using spectrophotometric analysis. The specimens were divided into the following four groups: a) control (CG), entirely composed of dentin composite (n = 5); b) high value (GHV), dentin composite and high value composite (n = 20); c) medium value (GMV), dentin composite and medium value composite (n = 20) and d) low value (GLV), dentin composite and low value composite (n = 20). The dentin composite was 2.0 mm thick and the value composite was added in four different thicknesses, dividing the groups into four subgroups: S1 = 1.0 mm, S2 = 0.8 mm, S3 = 0.6 mm and S4 = 0.4 mm. The results were determined using the CIELAB system and differences in brightness of the specimens were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Significant differences were found between different value resin composites, thicknesses and interactions, as revealed by the Tukey's test (HSD). Adding value composite produced lower brightness, and a gray shade was observed, compared to the control, regardless of the value or thickness of the primary composite. Eleven of the 12 subgroups presented clinically unacceptable chromatic changes, except when the 0.4 mm thickness of high value composite was used.
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PMID:Chromatic influence of value resin composites. 2016 10

This study examined the relationship between the adhesive application time and enamel bond strength of several single-step self-etch adhesive systems. The adhesives used were: Bond Force (BF, Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), Clearfil tri-S Bond (CT, Kuraray Medical Inc, Tokyo, Japan), iBond Self-Etch (IB, Heraeus Kulzer, Armonk, NY) and OptiBond All-in-One (OB, sds Kerr). Bovine mandibular incisors were mounted in self-curing resin and wet ground with #600-grit silicon carbide paper to expose labial enamel. Adhesives were applied for 10, 20 or 40 seconds and the resin composites were condensed into a mold (phi4 x 2 mm) on the enamel and light irradiated. Ten samples per test group were stored in 37 degrees C water for 24 hours, then shear tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (alpha = 0.05) were performed within each adhesive system. The enamel surfaces after adhesive application were also observed in a Field Emission Electron Probe Surface Roughness Analyzer and the Ra value was calculated. The enamel bond strength ranged from 13.6 to 17.8 MPa for BF, 13.6 to 15.9 MPa for CT, 14.3 to 16.2 MPa for IB and 13.4 to 19.8 MPa for OB. Significant increases in bond strength were found for the 40-second application groups, except for IB. No changes in Ra value were found for BF and IB, while significant decreases in Ra value were recorded with 40-second application for CT and OB. The data suggested that the duration of the single-step self-etch adhesive application was a crucial factor for determining the enamel bond strengths of some of the single-step self-etch adhesives employed in the current study.
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PMID:Influence of adhesive application time on enamel bond strength of single-step self-etch adhesive systems. 2016 14

Repetitive or overuse disorders of the lumbar spine affect the lives of workers and athletes. We hypothesize that repetitive anterior lumbar flexion-extension under low or high load will result in significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines expression several hours post-activity. High loads will exhibit significantly higher expression than low loads. Lumbar spine of in vivo feline was subjected to cyclic loading at 0.25 Hz for six 10-min periods with 10 min of rest in between. One group was subjected to a low peak load of 20 N, whereas the second group to a high peak load of 60 N. Following a 7-h post-loading rest, the supraspinous ligaments of L-3/4, L-4/5 and L-5/6 and the unstimulated T-10/11 were excised for mRNA analysis and IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha and TGFbeta1 pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Creep (laxity) developed in the lumbar spine during the loading and the subsequent 7 h of rest was calculated. A two-way mixed model ANOVA was used to assess difference in each cytokines expression between the two groups and control. Tukey HSD post hoc analysis delineated specific significant effects. Significance was set at 0.05. Low and high-load groups exhibited development of creep throughout the cyclic loading period and gradual recovery throughout the 7-h rest period. Residual creep of 24.8 and 30.2% were present in the low and high-load groups, respectively, 7-h post-loading. Significant increases in expression of all cytokines measured relative to control were obtained for supraspinous ligaments from both low and high-load magnitudes. IL-6, IL-8 and TGFbeta1 expression in the high-load group were significantly higher relative to the low-load group. Significant increases in cytokines expression indicating tissue inflammation are observed several hours post-repetitive lumbar flexion-extension regardless of the load magnitude applied. Repetitive occupational and athletic activity, regardless of the load applied, may be associated with the potential of developing acute inflammatory conditions that may convert to chronic inflammation if the viscoelastic tissues are further exposed to repetitive activity over long periods. Appropriate rest periods are a relevant preventive measure.
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PMID:Pro-inflammatory cytokines expression increases following low- and high-magnitude cyclic loading of lumbar ligaments. 2033 30

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of primers, luting systems and aging on bond strength to zirconium oxide substrates. Eighteen zirconia discs (19.5 x 4 mm) were polished and treated (n = 3) either with a MDP primer (Md) or with a MDP and VBATDT primer (MV). In the control group (n = 3) no surface chemical treatment was performed. Zirconia specimens were cemented to prepolymerized composite discs utilizing resin cements - RelyX Unicem or Panavia 21 (RU and Pa, respectively). After 24 h, samples were sectioned for microtensile testing and returned to water at 37 degrees C for two different periods before being tested: 72 h or 60 days + thermocycling (5-55 degrees C/5000 cycles). Bond strength testing was performed at 1 mm/min. Values in MPa were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range (HSD) (p > 0.05). The application of MV primer resulted in the highest bond strength (22.77 MPa), statistically superior to Md primer (12.78 MPa), and control groups presented the lowest values (9.17 MPa). When luting systems were compared, RU promoted the highest bond strength (16.07 MPa) in comparison with Pa (13.75 MPa). The average bond strength decrease after aging (9.35 MPa) when compared with initial values (20.46 MPa). The results presented by this in vitro study suggest that a chemical surface treatment based on the MDP and VBATDT combination may improve bond strength between zirconia and luting system, without any previous mechanical treatment, depending on the luting system used. This chemical treatment may result in a reliable alternative to achieve adequate and durable bond strength.
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PMID:Bond strength to high-crystalline content zirconia after different surface treatments. 2033 33

The bond strength between veneering ceramic and zirconia framework is the weakest link in the layered structure. To investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of veneering ceramics to zirconia, four types of zirconia ceramics (Zirkonzahn, Cercon, Lava, DC-Zirkon) were selected. For each zirconia system, 30 disk specimens were layered with IPS e.max Ceram, Vita VM9, and a manufacturer-recommended veneering ceramic. SBS test was conducted, and fracture surface analysis was also performed to determine the failure modes. One-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD tests were used to analyze the data. On shear bond strength between zirconia and their recommended veneering ceramics, statistically significant differences were observed among the different zirconia systems (p<0.001). DC-Zirkon exhibited the highest SBS value (40.49+/-8.43 MPa), followed by Lava (27.11+/-2.72 MPa), Zirkonzahn (24.46+/-3.72 MPa), and Cercon (20.19+/-5.12 MPa). On shear bond strength to IPS e.max Ceram and Vita VM9, significantly lower (p<0.001) were observed for these veneering ceramics than their recommended veneering ceramics for DC-Zirkon and Lava. For Zirkonzahn and Cercon, similar SBS values were observed for all kinds of veneering ceramics (p>0.05). In conclusion, the bonding of manufacturer-recommended veneering ceramic to the zirconia framework differed according to zirconia type.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of shear bond strength of veneering ceramics to zirconia. 2037 23


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