Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q7LGC8 (HSD)
 3,196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thrombomodulin (TM) is an essential cofactor for the physiologic activation of the anticoagulant protein C by thrombin. We have observed that the expression of TM mRNA in response to retinoic acid was markedly increased in human U937 monoblast-like cells, and human MEG01 megakaryocyte-like cells, but not in human umbilical vein cells, murine hemangioma cells, human K562 erythroblast-like cells, and murine HSD fibroblast-like cells. TM activity in U937 cells and MEG01 cells was not detectable in untreated cells, but developed rapidly after treatment with retinoic acid. In endothelial cells there was minimal change in TM activity in response to retinoic acid treatment. We have isolated clones for the genes for murine and human TM and have identified potential retinoic acid response elements in the 5'-flanking region of the human gene. In U937 cells the increase in mRNA levels was associated with increased transcription, and transient transfection studies with reporter plasmids demonstrate functional retinoic acid response elements present in the 5'-flanking region of the gene. Deletion of, and mutations introduced into, the potential retinoic acid response element confirm the functional response in transient transfections.
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PMID:Characterization of thrombomodulin expression in response to retinoic acid and identification of a retinoic acid response element in the human thrombomodulin gene. 820 15

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, at various stages of the bonding procedure using a new self-etch primer. Brackets were bonded to 52 extracted human molars according to one of the following four protocols. Group I (uncontaminated control): A self-etch acidic primer, Angel I (3M/ESPE Minneapolis, Minn) was placed on the enamel for 15 seconds, gently dried with air, and light cured for 10 seconds. Precoated brackets APC II (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were then placed on the teeth and light cured for 20 seconds. Group II: The enamel surface was first contaminated with human saliva for 10 seconds, blown off with an air syringe for five seconds. The bonding procedure was then repeated as in group I. Group III: The self-etch primer was applied for 15 seconds, gently dried with air, and light cured for 10 seconds. The surface was then contaminated with human saliva for 10 seconds, blown off with an air syringe for five seconds. The precoated brackets were then bonded as in groups I and II. Group IV: The enamel surface was contaminated with human saliva for 10 seconds, blown off with an air syringe for five seconds. The self-etch primer was applied. The surface was then re-contaminated with human saliva for 10 seconds, blown off with an air-syringe for five seconds. The precoated brackets were then bonded as in groups I, II, and III. The results of the analysis of variance (F = 4.79) indicated that the shear bond strengths of the four groups were significantly different (P = .005). Tukey HSD tests indicated that contamination both before and after the application of the acid-etch primer resulted in a significantly lower (=1.7+/-1.4 MPa) shear bond strength than either the control group (=6.0+/-3.5 MPa) or the groups where contamination occurred either before (=4.8+/-3.3 MPa) or after (=4.8+/-3.3 MPa) the application of the primer. The new acid-etch primer can maintain adequate shear bond strength if contamination occurs either before or after the application of the primer. On the other hand, contamination both before and after the application of the primer significantly reduced the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
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PMID:The effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets when using a self-etch primer. 1251 47

The success of bonding brackets to enamel with resin bonding systems is negatively affected by contamination with oral fluids such as blood and saliva. The new self-etch primer systems combine conditioning and priming agents into a single application, making the procedure more cost-effective. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of blood contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with a new self-etch primer. The brackets (precoated brackets APC II, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were bonded to 52 extracted human molars according to 1 of 4 protocols. Group I: A self-etch acidic primer, Angel I (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, Minn), was placed on the enamel for 15 seconds, gently dried with air, and light cured for 10 seconds. Brackets were bonded and light cured for 20 seconds. Group II: The enamel surface was contaminated with human blood for 10 seconds, and the blood was blown off with an air syringe for 5 seconds. Angel I was applied on the contaminated surface; the brackets were then bonded and light cured as in group I. Group III: Angel I was applied as described in group I. The surface was then contaminated with human blood for 10 seconds, and the blood was blown off with an air syringe for 5 seconds. Precoated brackets were then bonded as in groups I and II. Group IV: The enamel surface was contaminated with human blood for 10 seconds and blown off with an air syringe for 5 seconds. The self-etch primer, Angel I, was applied as described earlier, and the surface was recontaminated with human blood for 10 seconds, and the blood was blown off with an air syringe for 5 seconds. The brackets were then bonded as in groups I, II, and III. The results of the analysis of variance (F = 13.31) indicated that the shear bond strengths of the 4 groups were significantly different (P =.001). Tukey HSD posterior tests indicated that the uncontaminated control group had a significantly stronger (mean = 6.0 +/- 3.5 megapascal [MPa]) shear bond strength than the groups that had blood contamination, regardless of whether this occurred before (mean = 2.7 +/- 2.4 MPa), after (mean = 1.1 +/- 0.6 MPa), or before and after (mean = 0.5 +/- 0.2 MPa) the application of the self-etch primer. Blood contamination at any stage of the bonding procedure results in a significant and drastic drop in the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
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PMID:The effect of blood contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with the use of a new self-etch primer. 1275 Jun 74