Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q7LGC8 (HSD)
 3,196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Quantitative evaluation of the different varieties of germ cells at stage VII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, namely type-A spermatogonia (ASg), preleptotene spermatocytes (pLSc), midpachytene spermatocytes (mPSc) and step 7 spermatids (7 Sd) along with Leydig cell nuclear area (LCNA) and radioimmunoassay of plasma levels of gonadotropins (FSH and LH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T), activities of testicular, delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-HSD) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) were measured in mature rats of the Wistar strain following treatment with lithium chloride at a dose of 200 ug/100 g body wt/day for 7,14 and 21 days. A remarkable reduction in plasma levels of FSH (P less than 0.001), LH (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01), PRL (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.001) and T (P less than 0.001) along with significant diminution in the activities of testicular delta 5-3 beta-HSD (P less than 0.001) and 17 beta-HSD (P less than 0.001) were observed following lithium treatment for 14 and 21 days. 21 days of treatment also resulted a marked degree of degeneration of ASg (P less than 0.05) and 7Sd(P less than 0.001) at stage VII but 14 days of treatment did not exhibited any significant effect on testicular gametogenesis. LCNA was decreased after lithium chloride treatment for 14 and 21 days (P less than 0.001). 7 days of treatment did not exert any notable result in the above parameters. The results of our experiment suggest that duration of lithium treatment is the critical factor for its adverse effects on testicular activity when the plasma levels of lithium remain within the therapeutic range. The possibility of an indirect action of lithium at the level of the testes is also discussed. Hence the data of our experiments have potential clinical implication.
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PMID:Effect of lithium chloride on spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis in mature albino rats: duration dependent response. 184 58

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of lithium, an antimanic drug, on steroidogenic and gametogenic functions of testis in the laboratory rat. Adult male rats of Wistar strain maintained under standard laboratory conditions (L:D, 14h:10h), were injected (S.C) with lithium chloride at the dose of 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg/100 g body weight/day for 21 days. All the treated animals along with the vehicle treated controls were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injections. Testicular steroidogenic activity was evaluated by measuring the activities of two steroidogenic key enzymes, delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-HSD) and 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD). Gametogenic capacity was determined by counting the number of germ cells at stage VII of seminiferous cycle. Plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Administration of lithium chloride at a dose of 0.1 mg/100 g body wt. for 21 days led to insignificant changes of plasma FSH, LH, PRL and T along with unaltered activities of testicular delta 5-3 beta-HSD, 17 beta-HSD activities and gametogenesis. In contrast, 0.2 mg of lithium treatment for 21 days causes a significant reduction of plasma FSH (P less than 0.01), LH (P less than 0.001), PRL (P less than 0.001) and T (P less than 0.001) along with inhibition of testicular delta 5-3 beta-HSD activity (P less than 0.01) and 17 beta-HSD activity (P less than 0.001). Gametogenic activity does not exhibits any significant reduction in the number of preleptotene spermatocytes (PLSc) and midpachytene spermatocytes (mPSC) while significant reduction in the number of spermatogonia A (Asg) (P less than 0.01) and Step 7 spermatids (7Sd) (P less than 0.001) were observed at stage VII of seminiferous cycle when compared to control. The degree of detrimental effects of lithium on testicular activity became more prominent at the dose of 0.4 mg/100 g body wt. The results of our experiments suggest that lithium administration might be associated with significant adverse effects on testicular activities. Furthermore, since hormonal changes and altered gametogenic activities were evident when plasma lithium concentration was below or within the therapeutic range, our data may have some potential clinical implications.
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PMID:Effects of lithium chloride on testicular steroidogenic and gametogenic functions in mature male albino rats. 215 87

In normal rats, before Day 12 of pseudopregnancy, minimal levels of 20 alpha-HSD activity were detected in functional CL whereas those in the residue were 3-5 times higher. When ovulation was blocked for more than 2 weeks by placing rats in a continuously lit environment before the induction of pseudopregnancy, only minimal levels of 20 alpha-HSD activity were detectable in the functional CL and residue before Day 12. In normal pseudopregnant rats, there was a linear increase in 20 alpha-HSD activity from Day 12 to 15 in the functional CL and residue, but the rate of elevation was much higher in functional CL. This tendency was much more clear-cut in rats in the continuous lighting. In immature rats in which pseudopregnancy was induced by PMSG and hCG treatment, 20 alpha-HSD activity peaked twice. The first small peak was attributed to the early regression of some of the large number of corpora lutea, and the changes in 20 alpha-HSD activity in most of the corpora lutea paralleled those in rats in continuous lighting. Bromocriptine abolished the prolactin surges, and in normal pseudopregnant rats an increase in 20 alpha-HSD activity in functional CL started from 12 h and the rate of the increase was accelerated from 36 h afterwards, while a relatively small increase was observed in the residue at 18 h and later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Participation of ovarian 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in luteotrophic and luteolytic processes during rat pseudopregnancy. 232 14

The role of reproductive hormones in mediating sexual desire in healthy women is still unclear. Elucidation was sought in this study by comparing the hormonal milieu of two groups of subjects with markedly different levels of sexual desire. Seventeen women ages 27-39 who met DSM III-R criteria for severe, persistent, and generalized loss of desire (hypoactive sexual desire disorder, HSD), but had no other current psychological or medical problem, were compared to 13 healthy, sexually active women. All subjects and spouses were interviewed extensively to determine the women's sexual desire and responsiveness. Blood samples were drawn every 3 to 4 days for one menstrual cycle and were analyzed by RIA for testosterone, SHBG, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone. Results indicated that the HSD women's gonadal hormones fluctuated normally over the menstrual cycle, were within normal limits for each cycle phase, and were never significantly different from those of controls. Neither testosterone, non-SHBG bound testosterone, nor prolactin differentiated between the HSD women with the most and least severe HSD parameters (e.g., frequency of fantasy, masturbation, or female-initiated coitus), nor between women with lifelong and acquired HSD. The present findings did not provide evidence that reproductive hormones are important determinants of individual differences in the sexual desire of these eugonadal women.
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PMID:Low sexual desire in women: the role of reproductive hormones. 274 40

The effect of treatment with prolactin or bromocryptine on testicular steroidogenesis and serum hormone levels were studied in immature and mature bonnet monkeys. Leydig cells alone showed the presence of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) in normal immature and mature monkeys. Administration of prolactin increased the activity of 3 beta-HSD and 17 beta-HSD in Leydig cells from mature monkeys, and also increased the serum levels of testosterone. Bromocryptine treatment induced exactly the opposite effect. These changes occurred in the absence of any change in serum gonadotrophin levels. In immature monkeys, prolactin and bromocryptine had no significant effect. These results suggest a direct stimulatory effect of prolactin on testicular steroidogenesis in mature monkeys.
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PMID:Prolactin and Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). 283 48

The luteal function in newly inseminated female mice following exposure to alien males was investigated. The corpora lutea (CL) of newly inseminated females exhibited high delta 5 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5 3 beta HSD) activity at 24 hr or 48 hr (pro-oestrus) after the beginning of alien male exposure. By contrast, the enzyme activity in the CL at 72 hr (oestrus) after the beginning of alien male exposure was markedly less as compared with that in the CL of unexposed controls. This suggests that the CL of newly inseminated female mice can synthesise progesterone from its substrate at least up to 48 hr after the beginning of alien male exposure. Administration of prolactin to newly inseminated females beginning at 0 hr of alien male exposure prevented implantation failure; the majority of females showed implanted embryos. Prolactin administration starting at 24 hr after the beginning of alien male exposure was only partially effective, and that starting at 48 hr was totally ineffective in preventing implantation failure in newly inseminated females. The results indicate that the CL of newly inseminated females cease to respond to prolactin within 24 hr of alien male exposure, even though they exhibit the capacity to synthesise progesterone (as evidenced by the presence of delta 5 3 beta HSD activity) for a longer period.
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PMID:The male-induced implantation failure (the Bruce effect) in laboratory mice: investigations on luteal failure in pregnancy-blocked females. 322 46

The direct effect of prolactin on rat adrenal steroidogenic enzyme activity was evaluated by measuring plasma and adrenal cytosol steroid levels and adrenal microsomal 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3B-HSD), 21 hydroxylase (21-OHase) and mitochondrial 11-hydroxylase (11-OHase) after in vivo administration of purified rat prolactin (rPRL) to adult, female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were ovariectomized, hypophysectomized and replaced with ACTH. Two days after surgery rPRL was administered i.p. at doses of 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 micrograms (micrograms) every 4 hours for 5 days to experimental animals. Control rats received vehicle injections. All rats were sacrificed by decapitation and blood and adrenal glands collected. The adrenals were pooled into each rPRL dose group and mitochondria, microsomes and cytosol prepared from each pool. The activities of 3B-HSD, 21-OHase and 11-OHase were measured using as substrates 14C-dehydroepiandrosterone, 14C-progesterone and 14C-deoxycorticosterone, respectively. Plasma prolactin levels rose from 9.9 +/- 2.5 ng/ml in the control animals to 166.0 +/- 37.7 ng/ml (p less than 0.001) in the 100 micrograms rPRL dose group. Plasma corticosterone levels were not statistically different in the experimental groups when compared to controls. However, adrenal weight was increased in the high dose rPRL group (34.9 +/- 0.9 mg vs 41.9 +/- 1.2 mg, p less than 0.025). Hyperprolactinemia did not influence microsomal 3B-HSD or mitochondrial 11-OHase activities but was associated with a dose dependent decrease in microsomal 21-OHase activity when compared to controls (p less than 0.001). Adrenal cytosol progesterone levels increased with increasing rPRL dose consistent with a 21-OHase block during hyperprolactinemia. These data suggest that prolactin has a direct effect on rat adrenal 21-OHase in vivo.
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PMID:New evidence for a direct effect of prolactin on rat adrenal steroidogenesis. 342 48

We recently suggested that the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD) activity in midgestational human fetal lung (HFL) cultures comprised at least two enzymes, one oxidative--associated with epithelial cells, the other reductive--related to fibroblast-like cells. In this study, the effects of various hormones on 11-HSD activity were studied by measuring the interconversion of [3H]cortisol and [14C]cortisone. Human chorionic gonadotrophin, placental medium, and low oxygen concentration increased the conversion of cortisone to cortisol while activity in the reverse direction remained unchanged. No effects were seen when adrenocorticotrophin, prolactin, placental lactogen, estrogens, triiodothyronine or oxytocin were added in physiological amounts.
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PMID:Investigation of factors influencing 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.146) activity in midgestational human fetal lung monolayer and explant cultures. 659 17

The effects of prostatectomy on testicular steroidogenic enzymes, and on serum levels of gonadotropins, prolactin, and testosterone were studied. Adult male rats were prostatectomized and sacrificed after 14 and 21 days. There was augmentation of both delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-HSD) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) activities in the testes along with increased levels of FSH, prolactin, and testosterone in the serum, while no changes were observed in serum levels of LH. Hence it may be concluded that the prostate gland has an inhibitory effect on testicular androgenesis and can exert some influence in the regulation of FSH and prolactin secretion.
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PMID:Effects of prostatectomy on testicular androgenesis and serum levels of gonadotropins in mature albino rats. 784 63

The effects of calyculin-A (CL-A), a phosphatase inhibitor, on 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) activity were studied in rat luteal cell cultures to examine whether protein phosphatases were involved in the regulation of the enzyme activity. Luteal cells were harvested from the rats on day 6 of pseudopregnancy. In the absence of prolactin (PRL), the stimulatory effect of CL-A (10(-9) M) on 20 alpha-HSD activity was observed during the first 3 h period of the culture, but was not discernible thereafter. Since the enzyme activity of luteal cells during pseudopregnancy is known to be suppressed by PRL, the results suggest that this effect of CL-A could be manifested only as long as the effect of endogenous PRL was remained. On the other hand, CL-A enhanced the 20 alpha-HSD activity of the cells cultured for 24 h, where a spontaneous increase in 20 alpha-HSD activity was blocked by exogenously supplementing the culture medium with PRL. These results suggest that a CL-A sensitive phosphatase(s) may be involved in the action of PRL in suppressing the increase in 20 alpha-HSD activity in rat luteal cells.
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PMID:Effect of calyculin-A, phosphatase inhibitor, on 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in rat luteal cell culture. 795 39


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