Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q3V6T2 (ape)
 2,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using in vitro protein binding and in vivo functional studies, we have identified novel regulatory sequences near the 5' end of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) long terminal repeats (LTRs). These sequences are highly conserved in all MuLV LTRs as well as in feline leukemia virus and gibbon ape leukemia virus LTRs. In this upstream conserved region (UCR), gel retardation assays detected two overlapping but distinct binding sites (UCR-U and UCR-L) for nuclear proteins (UCRF-U and UCRF-L). Three lines of evidence suggest a negative regulatory role for the UCR in viral transcription: (i) an inverse correlation was found between MuLV transcripts and nuclear proteins binding the UCR in the spleens of five different mouse strains; (ii) in vivo treatment of NFS mice with lipopolysaccharide resulted in the induction of splenic viral transcripts and the concomitant disappearance of UCR-binding proteins; and (iii) in mouse L cells transfected with an MuLV LTR linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, cotransfected UCR oligonucleotides increased CAT expression, presumably by competing for inhibitory trans-acting factors.
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PMID:Negative control region at the 5' end of murine leukemia virus long terminal repeats. 254 Apr 25

This study aimed to evaluate the use of protein A-peroxidase (horseradish peroxidase [HRPO]) in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (iELISAs) and IgG avidity assays for serological distinction between Brucella abortus S19-vaccinated and -infected cows. Four groups were analyzed: GI, 41 nonvaccinated seropositive cows; GII, 79 S19-vaccinated heifers analyzed at 3 months postvaccination; GIII, 105 S19-vaccinated cows analyzed after 24 months of age; and GIV, 278 nonvaccinated seronegative cows. IgG levels and avidity to B. abortus smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) were determined using anti-bovine IgG-HRPO or protein A-HRPO conjugates. Similar levels of IgG anti-S-LPS were found with GI using both conjugates. Lower IgG levels were detected with GII, GIII, and GIV using protein A-HRPO. Both conjugates showed high performance in discriminating GI from GIII, with high sensitivity (Se; 97.6%) and specificity (Sp; 97.1%). Protein A-HRPO was better in distinguishing GI from GIV (Se, 97.6%; Sp, 94.6%) and GI from GII (Se, 80.5%; Sp, 94.9%). Protein A-HRPO excluded a higher number of positive samples with GII and GIV. IgG avidity showed that protein A-HRPO, but not anti-IgG-HRPO, was able to distinguish nonvaccinated from vaccinated cattle, showing a higher avidity index (AI) with GI than with GII, with 78% of serum samples in GII showing an AI of <50%. Therefore, the iELISA using B. abortus S-LPS antigen and protein A-HRPO conjugate for preferential detection of the IgG2 subclass was shown to be suitable for serological distinction between S19-vaccinated and -infected cows. Also, antibodies generated after vaccination showed lower avidity, suggesting a role for the IgG2 subclass as an antibody of higher-affinity maturation after infection, constituting an additional tool for differentiating vaccinated from infected cattle.
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PMID:Evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and IgG avidity assays using a protein A-peroxidase conjugate for serological distinction between Brucella abortus S19-vaccinated and -infected cows. 2014 98