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Query: UNIPROT:Q3V6T2 (ape)
 2,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previously, type C RNA tumor virus-related components have been described in blood leukocytes from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. These components, for example, reverse transcriptase, have been shown to be most closely related to those from two oncogenic subhuman primate type C viruses (woolly monkey sarcoma virus and gibbon ape leukemia virus). Now, we report the continuous production of budding type C viruses with the same characteristic reverse transcriptase by three separate culturings of leukocytes from a single bleeding from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. These isolations were made possible by the discovery of a source of conditioned media which sustains exponential growth of human myelogenous leukemia cells in liquid suspension culture.
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PMID:Type C RNA tumor virus isolated from cultured human acute myelogenous leukemia cells. 4 23

RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) from leukocytes of individual leukemic patients can be grouped by velocity gradient analyses into two distinct classes, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) class of approximately 70,000 and a high-molecular-weight (HMW) class of 130,000 to 140,000. The reverse transcriptases from mammalian type-C viruses have with one exception (see text) been isolated as enzymes with molecular weights of 70,000. In this study, the reverse transcriptase from extracellular gibbon ape leukemia virus was also isolated only as the LMW class. However, the enzyme from gibbon virus-producing cells was isolated partially in the HMW form; this form was converted completely to the LMW form by treatment with 0.5 M KC1 and 0.5% Triton X-100 and could be re-converted to the HMW form by lowering the KC1 and Triton X-100 concentrations. A similar conversion from a HMW form to a LMW form was demonstrated with enzyme from human leukemic cells. The LMW form of the human and gibbon ape cellular enzymes utilized synthetic primer-templates in a similar fashion to viral enzyme, and this form was strongly inhibited by antisera (IgG) to reverse transcriptase from simian (woolly monkey) type-C virus. The HMW form of both enzymes utilized synthetic primer-templates less efficiently than the LMW form, and was resistant to inhibition by antipolymerase IgG of simian type-C virus. The HMW form of the cellular reverse transcriptases transcribed viral 70S RNA in the absence of synthetic primer relatively more efficiently than did the extracellular viral form. These data suggest that the HMW form is due in part to aggregation of the LMW form and in part to a cellular factor(s) which may affect both the form and function of intracellular reverse transciptase.
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PMID:RNA-directed DNA polymerase from human leukemic blood cells and from primate type-C virus-producing cells: high- and low-molecular-weight forms with variant biochemical and immunological properties. 4 50

Type C virions were spontaneously released from cultures of a diploid human cell strain. The varions have properties of known type C RNA tumor viruses and share antigenic determinants with the major interspecies-specific antigen (p30) of simian sarcoma virus. Antiserum to reverse transcriptase of gibbon ape leukemia virus inhibits the reverse transcriptase of the putative human virions and that of simian sarcoma virus, but has no effect on the corresponding enzymes of avian or murine RNA tumor viruses.
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PMID:Isolation of type C virions from a normal human fibroblast strain. 4 27

The DNA product of the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction of Gibbon ape lymphoma virus has been analyzed and characterized. Data show that in simultaneous detection assays in which the type and/or concentration of divalent cation is varied the best yield of rapidly-sedimenting DNA was obtained from reactions containing 1.5 mM Mn2+. This yield is ten-fold better than the yield observed at the optimal Mg2+ concentration (5.0mM). Evidence is presented to show that DNA synthesized at the optimal concentration of either of these cations consists of large pieces varying in size from 4 to 12S. This DNA hybridizes efficiently to homologous viral RNA (greater than 60 percent annealing) and protects at least two-thirds of GALV 70S [32P]RNA from ribonuclease digestion. The hybrids formed with homologous viral RNA are stable as evidenced by their thermal elution patterns from hydroxylapatite columns. In contrast, DNA synthesized in reactions in which the concentration of Mn2+ or Mg2+ was greater than optimal was predominantly 4S or smaller in size and displayed a low level of hybridization (less than 10 percent) to homologous viral RNA.
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PMID:The endogenous reverse transcriptase activity of Gibbon ape lymphoma virus: characterization of the DNA product. 5 76

The present study describes the separation and purification of a reverse transcriptase and cellular DNA polymerases from the human spleen of a patient with myelofibrotic syndrome. The specific requirements with respect to bivalent cations and template-primers for DNA polymerase-alpha, DNA polymerase-beta and DNA polymerase-gamma, as well as for the reverse transcriptase, are reported. Sedimentation-velocity measurements of the purified enzymes gave values of 150000, 40000, 100000 and 70000 daltons for DNA polymerase-alpha DNA polymerase-beta, DNA polymerase-gamma and the reverse transcriptase respectively. Serological studies have shown that the reverse transcriptase from human spleen is not antigenically related to cellular DNA polymerase-alpha, -beta or -gamma, but is antigenically related to reverse transcriptase from simian sarcoma virus and gibbon-ape leukaemia virus.
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PMID:Purification, biochemical characterization and serological analysis of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases and a reverse transcriptase from spleen of a patient with myelofibrotic syndrome. 7 8

A tissue culture line derived from the Asian rodent Vandeleuria oleracea has been shown to release an infectious, xenotropic type C virus. The virus-associated reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA nucleotidyltransferase) and the major internal protein p30 are immunologically related to the respective proteins of the woolly monkey-gibbon ape group of infectious primate viruses. By these criteria the V. oleracea viral isolate is similar to the murine type C-I class of endogenous retroviruses and has been designated Vand C-I. Nucleic acid homology studies show that V. oleracea cellular DNA shares similar levels of homology with DNA from members of the Mus and Rattus genera and lower levels of homology with other rodent genera. The Vand C-I viral genome is present in V. oleracea cellular DNA in multiple copies, and partially related sequences can be detected in other rodent genera. These results support the conclusion that the Vand C-I viral genome is genetically transmitted in V. oleracea and that the type C-I class of endogenous retroviral genes has been highly conserved during evolution.
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PMID:Isolation of an endogenous type C virus related to the infectious primate type C viruses from the Asian rodent Vandeleuria oleracea. 9 Jan 55

The reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA nucleotidyltransferase) of the type C RNA virus produced by the human lymphoma cell line SU-DHL-1 was purified by ion-exchange chromatography of SU-DHL-1 culture fluids and repetitive affinity chromatography on poly(rC).agarose, as were the polymerases of several other type C viruses. The DHL-1 enzyme used template-primers at levels expected of a viral reverse transcriptase, and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic analysis of radioiodinated DHL-1 enzyme revealed a peak at a position corresponding to those of several other type C viral reverse transcriptases (namely, at 72,000-78,000 daltons). The purified enzyme was partially neutralized by antibodies specific for the reverse transcriptase of simian sarcoma virus. Two-dimensional analysis on thin-layer cellulose plates of tryptic hydrolysates of the radioiodinated enzymes of several viruses revealed that six peptides are common to the polymerases of simian sarcoma virus, gibbon ape leukemia virus, baboon endogenous virus, and the DHL-1 virus, and that two to four peptides are unique to each of these enzymes. The DHL-1 viral reverse transcriptase appears to be most closely related structurally to the enzymes of simian sarcoma virus, gibbon ape leukemia virus, and baboon endogenous virus. However, the DHL-1 viral enzyme differed from any one or combination of the other subhuman primate viral enzymes by virtue of its unique peptides. The implications of these findings with respect to the probable origin of the DHL-1 virus are discussed.
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PMID:Characterization of the reverse transcriptase of a type C RNA virus produced by a human lymphoma cell line. 9 23

Endogenous DNA sequences related to retroviruses are probably present in all primates. By using approaches based on the polymerase chain reaction, two separate studies have revealed the evolutionary history of some of these sequences. In the first study, a retrovirus-like reverse transcriptase (RT) sequence homologous to that of Baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) has been identified in both Old World monkeys and African apes, but not in humans or Asian apes. This RT sequence is highly conserved at the amino acid level, but not the nucleotide level, in the baboon, African green monkey, Java macaque, chimpanzee, and gorilla. The patterns of nucleotide substitution indicate functional conservation and suggest that this RT sequence was present in the primate germline before apes and Old World monkeys diverged about 30 million years ago. In the second study, a comparison of endogenous proviral DNAs and their adjacent sequences has been used to analyze the evolutionary history of three previously reported human endogenous retroviruses, HERV-E(4.14), HERV-R(3), and HERV-Ia. It is shown that these retroviruses have also been resident in the primate line since before the ape-Old World monkey divergence. The implications of the presence of functionally conserved RT genes in the germlines of primates, and the potential for using integration sites as tools for analyzing phylogenetic relationships among primates and their retroviruses, are discussed.
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PMID:Evolutionary implications of primate endogenous retroviruses. 170 32

Mammalian type-C viruses contain a major internal polypeptide of about 30,000 daltons that is characterized by both intraspecies and interspecies antigenic reactivities. Radioimmunoprecipitation assays were used for measurement of this protein; the assay was based upon interspecies reactivities of the protein. As little as 5 ng of the group-specific antigen of murine leukemia virus can be measured by radioimmunoprecipitation assays, thus providing an approximate 10,000-fold increase in sensitivity over the standard immunodiffusion procedure. The type-C viruses that were recently isolated from a woolly monkey and gibbon ape each have an interspecies type-C antigenic reactivity. The primate viruses, however, could be distinguished from the type-C viruses of murine, rat, hamster, and feline origin that were more highly related to each other. The interspecies reactivity of the 30,000-dalton polypeptide is an immunological marker of the mammalian type-C viruses, since even with this sensitive assay other mammalian viruses with RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity did not contain the type-C interspecies antigen.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of mammalian type-C viral proteins: interspecies antigenic reactivities of the major internal polypeptide. 450 53

The present study describes the separation and purification of a reverse transciptiase from an orbital tumor of a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Specific reaction conditions with respect to ionic requirements and template-primers are reported. The purified enzyme was able to transcribe (rA)n . (dT)12, (rC)n . (dG)12, (OMeC)n . (dg)12 and the 70 S RNA from R(Mu)LV. Serological studies that the reverase transcriptase is antigenically related to reverse transcriptase from the type C woolly monkey virus-gibbon ape leukemia virus group.
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PMID:RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in ocular granulocytic sarcoma associated to acute myelomonocytic leukemia in Turkish children. Biochemical and immunological characterization of the enzyme. 615 28


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