Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q29983 (MIC)
 21,138 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study has been carried out in order to evaluate the sensitivity of a group of some 215 Salmonella strains identified in the triennium 1976-1978, in the district of Macerata (Italy), to 16 chemoantibiotics. The average percentage of sensitivity to chemoantibiotics, as a whole, vary from 100% (sisomycin) to 81% (furazolidone). The global sensitivity of different strains, of early diffusion and recent appearance in Italy, by MIC and MBC estimated, progressively increase as follow: A. wien, typhi, typhimurium, infantis, braenderup, paratyphi B, enteritidis, agona, panama.
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PMID:[Salmonella isolated in the province of Macerata and their sensitivity to some common chemoantibiotics and to some of recent clinical introduction]. 55 Jul 27

Pharmacologic data are presented on 39 children treated for osteomyelitis with one of the following antibiotics: methicillin, dicloxacillin, cephaloridine, or cefazolin. The concentrations of drug in pus and bone were correlated with serum concentrations, with the susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the patients, and with the degree of drug protein-binding. The penetration of the antibiotics into pus and bone was similar for the two penicillins and for the two cephalosporins despite the disparate protein-binding affinities of these drugs. The agents attained concentrations in tissues that were at least several fold, and often more than tenfold, greater than the MIC and MBC values of the S. aureus stains. These data provide a basis for selection of antimicrobial agents for treatment of osteomyelitis.
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PMID:Antibiotic concentrations in pus and bone of children with osteomyelitis. 61 56

Thirty-three patients with viridans streptococcal infective endocarditis were treated for two weeks with intramuscular procaine pencillin, 1.2 million units every 6 hours, plus streptomycin, 500 mg intramuscularly every 12 hours. Nine patients (27%) had infections with relatively penicillin-resistant microorganisms (MIC greater than 0.1 microgram/ml or MBC greater than or equal 3.12 microgram/ml). Follow-up ranged from 2 months to 3.5 years. There were no relapses; Mild vestibular toxicity developed in one patient. One patient died two months after completion of antimicrobial therapy from sudden onset of severe congestive heart failure; Seven patients required cardiac valve replacement after completion of antimicrobial therapy. None died. We believe that this therapeutic regimen is effective antimicrobial therapy for infective endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci, irrespective of in vitro microbiologic data.
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PMID:Short-term intramuscular therapy with procaine penicillin plus streptomycin for infective endocarditis due to viridans streptococci. 63 38

Serious infections due to lactobacilli have been rarely cited. We report our findings in nine recent patients with lactobacillemia. In the combined literature and current experience, endocarditis and sepsis from localized suppuration were the most common clinical syndromes, most frequently arising from prior oropharyngeal infections. Lactobacillus endocarditis showed a predilection for left-sided cardiac involvement (100 per cent) and systemic arterial embolization (55 per cent). The nine clinical isolates were tested for minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs) against five drugs with broad gram-positive spectrums; of note, these organisms demonstrated a high incidence of both unachievable MBCs (64 per cent) and widely disparate (greater than 100 fold) MIC:MBC ratios (38 per cent). This is in accord with observations in Lactobacillus endocarditis of poor in vivo clinical response despite "appropriate" regimens and achievable MICs of the organisms. Bactericidal synergistic studies on two endocarditis isolates indicated that the penicillins plus aminoglycosides may be potentially useful in the treatment of deep-seated Lactobacillus infections when single antimicrobials fail to achieve a cure.
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PMID:Lactobacillemia--report of nine cases. Important clinical and therapeutic considerations. 64 45

BL-S786 was compared by in vitro studies with 6 other parenteral cephalosporins (cefamandole, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cephaloridine, cephalothin and cephradine). The following parameters were assessed: Comparative MICs against a wide variety of bacterial isolates, MIC/MBC comparisons and the effect of inoculum size on the MIC. BL-S786 showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, C. diversus and Salmonella species; was equal to cefamandole against E. coli, E. agglomerans and P. mirabilis; and was second to cefamandole against Shigella, E. tarda, C. freundii, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes and the pathogenic Neisseriae. Essentially no activity against Serratia and Pseudomonas species was observed. Compared to the other cephalosporins tested BL-S786 showed poor activity against staphylococci and streptococci. For most species tested, the MBC of the various cephalosporins was the same or within one dilution of their respective MICs. However, for Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus species, the MBC of BL-S786 and cefamandole was usually larger than or equal to 8-fold higher than the MICs. Cefoxitin, on the other hand, showed little MIC/MBC variations against indole-positive Proteus species. Inoculum size had only a small effect on the MICs against most gram-negative species--in some instances greater than 64-fold increases in MIC resulted by increasing inoculum size from 10(5) to 10(7) organisms per ml.
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PMID:BL-S786, a new parenteral cephalosporin. II. In vitro antimicrobial activity comparison with six related cephalosporins. 89 27

Reasons for the use of antibacterial combinations are synergistic effects and delayed development of bacterial resistance. On the basis of numerous experiments in vitro the opinion is supported that a clinically useful synergism depends on the addition of an aminoglycoside, the second compound being either one of the penicillins or cephalosporins, or a polymyxin, or a bacteriostatic agent like tetracycline, macrolide, and lincomycine. The decrease of MBC and MIC values varies according to the species and strains of bacteria and in dependence on the components of antibiotic combinations. Combination therapy with antibacterial synergism is indicated in life-threatening infections and in order to suppress bacterial persistences. Combinations with antagonistic effects should be avoided. The use of multiple antibiotics for broader spectrum only is not supported.
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PMID:[Antibacterial combination therapy]. 91 46

The therapeutic properties of nafcillin, oxacillin and erythromycin were determined in mice infected with a strain (Evans) of Staphylococcus aureus shown to be tolerant to the bactericidal action of penicillinase-resistant derivatives of penicillin. The therapeutic activity of these agents was also correlated with the extent of colonization of kidneys by resistant clones of S. aureus Evans. The CD50 values or potency ratios proved that nafcillin was highly active against this organism, whereas oxacillin and erythromycin were capable of protecting the animals to a lesser degree. Of the agents studied, only nafcillin was capable of preventing or interfering with the colonization of the kidneys by S. aureus Evans. Although the exact interpretation and application of these data in the management of clinical problems remains to be determined, the observations suggest important differences between nafcillin and oxacillin in vivo and that it is difficult to predict the antibacterial efficacy of these drugs solely from MIC and MBC data.
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PMID:Nafcillin and oxacillin: comparative antistaphylococcal activity in mice. 93 14

Pharmacokinetic studies of antimicrobial agents usually involve the determination of tissue distribution, since most infections develop outside the vascular compartment. Comparative analyses of the results are often complicated by their extreme variability, depending on the various types of methods used, the type of antimicrobial agent, and the characteristics of the various tissue compartments. In general, concentrations in tissue and body fluids with no barriers to penetration of drugs are fairly predictable from blood levels in relation to simple diffusion through capillary pores. This is valid for hydrosoluble drugs such as the beta-lactams as well as liposoluble drugs like the quinolones and most of the macrolides. Thus we may derive, in a predictive sense for the clinical results, both the hematic and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetic profile of the above molecules, which are useful in relation to the MIC or MBC of extracellular pathogens. For molecules such as azithromycin, in which tropism is mainly intracellular, hematic levels do not reflect those which are therapeutic in the infection site. In tissues and body fluids with barriers to the penetration of drugs, such as the central nervous system, eye and bronchial secretions, it is always useful and especially for any new antimicrobial agent to determine the concentrations which are achieved in relation to both dosage and pathological state of the tissue compartment. The significance of the chemotherapeutic formula which gives substantial predictive value of the therapeutic efficacy at the level of blood concentrations in relation to minimal inhibitory concentration of sensitive bacteria, needs to be critically re-evaluated in light of the pharmacokinetic behavior of newer antimicrobial agents.
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PMID:[Plasma and tissue antibiotic concentrations: what is their prognostic value?]. 129 99

The in vitro activities of azithromycin (CP-62,993; Pfizer), erythromycin, and tetracycline were evaluated by inhibiting Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, formerly TWAR, propagation in vitro in McCoy cells, HeLa cells, and HL cells. Eleven clinical isolates of C. trachomatis (serovars D, E, F, J, K, and L2) and four strains of C. pneumoniae were tested with an inoculum of 10(3) inclusion-forming units in a 96-well microtiter plate. The MIC ranges of these antimicrobial agents against C. trachomatis were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 0.5 microgram/ml; erythromycin, 0.25 to 0.1 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.0625 to 1.0 microgram/ml. The MBC ranges, calculated from passage into antibiotic-free medium, were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 4.0 micrograms/ml; erythromycin, 0.5 to 8.0 micrograms/ml; and tetracycline, 0.0625 to 4.0 micrograms/ml. The MIC ranges for C. pneumoniae in both HeLa and HL cells were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 1.0 micrograms/ml; erythromycin, 0.0625 to 1.0 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.125 to 1.0 microgram/ml. The MBC ranges were as follows: azithromycin, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml; erythromycin, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.125 to 4.0 micrograms/ml. From the results of this in vitro study, azithromycin appears to be an effective antibiotic comparable to tetracycline and erythromycin for use in the treatment of both C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infections.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. 131 77

The in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, was evaluated against 857 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and lomefloxacin. The MIC of sparfloxacin for 90% of the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae tested was 0.5 microgram/ml (range, 0.06 to 4.0 micrograms/ml); only for members of the genera Serratia, Citrobacter, and Providencia were MICs above 1 microgram/ml. Some 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were inhibited by 8 micrograms of the drug per ml. The MICs for 90% of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus faecalis were 0.12 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. All (100%) Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml. The inoculum size had little effect on either the MIC or the MBC of sparfloxacin. An increase in the magnesium concentration from 1.1 to 8.4 mM increased the MIC between 2 and 10 times, depending on the genus tested. Sparfloxacin was less active at pH 5. The antibacterial activity of sparfloxacin against gram-positive bacteria was generally higher than those of the quinolones with which it was compared; against Streptococcus pneumoniae, sparfloxacin was four- and eightfold more active than ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The activity of sparfloxacin against gram-negative rods was generally comparable to that of ciprofloxacin except against Enterobacter and Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas cepacia, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Alcaligenes and Flavobacterium spp., against which sparfloxacin was the most active quinolone.
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PMID:In vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of five other quinolones. 132 Mar 62


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