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Query: UNIPROT:Q29983 (MIC)
 21,138 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro activity of the two new cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, against 410 bacterial isolates was compared using an agar dilution method. Both compounds were highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive Proteus and Providencia; the great majority of the isolates were inhibited by 0.06 mg/l of either drug. Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was moderate, and enterococci were resistant. All Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae isolates were susceptible to 0.03 mg/l of either drug. The isolates belonging to the Bacteroides fragilis group were inhibited over a wide range of concentrations and some were highly resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 64 mg/l). There were no significant differences in the antibacterial activity of the two drugs against our isolates. Both drugs may be of potential use in the treatment of serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae; they may prove to be a useful alternative to the aminoglycosides.
Infection
PMID:Ceftriaxone: in vitro activity against 410 bacterial isolates compared with cefotaxime. 629 78

Cefotaxime has remarkable potency against all Enterobacteriaceae, including Enterobacter species, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, and Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, and Providencia species--all of which are resistant to earlier cephalosporins. Cefotaxime generally inhibits greater than 90% of enteric bacilli at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml; in one study it inhibited greater than 98% of isolates at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. For staphylococci and nonenterococcal streptococci, the mean values for the minimal inhibitory concentration50 (MIC50) of cefotaxime (i.e., the lowest concentration inhibiting growth of 50% of tested strains) are 1.1-1.9 microgram/ml and 0.01-0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. Cefotaxime is inactive against Streptococcus faecalis and most other serogroup D streptococci. It is moderately active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC50, 19 microgram/ml) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus (MIC50, 18 microgram/ml). Because the activity of cefotaxime against other pseudomonads and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli varies, in vitro susceptibility testing must be used as a guide to therapy. Cefotaxime is potent against Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria species. Infections due to beta-lactamase-producing gonococci have been treated effectively with cefotaxime (MIC, mode = less than or equal to 0.004 microgram/ml). Most anaerobes are highly susceptible to cefotaxime, but the minimal inhibitory concentrations for 10%-20% of Bacteroides fragilis strains (MIC50, 5.3 microgram/ml) and other Bacteroides species may exceed obtainable serum concentrations. The potent antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime appears to be the result of a combination of characteristics which include: beta-lactamase stability (types I, III, IV, and V), good ability to pass through the cell membrane, strong affinity for lethal penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 1b(s), and 3, minimal limitation by the inoculum effect, and bactericidal action at or close to the inhibitory concentration. Clinically useful methods of susceptibility testing have been developed and can be recommended for clinical laboratory use.
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PMID:Cefotaxime: a review of in vitro antimicrobial properties and spectrum of activity. 629 79

In vitro Evaluation of BRL 17421 (Temocillin), a New Penicillin. The in vitro antibacterial activity of BRL 17421 (temocillin), a new penicillin, was determined in quantitative serial broth dilution tests and was compared to that of mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefazolin and cefotaxime against 751 clinical isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae family. In addition, the sensitivity of 211 mezlocillin-resistant gram-negative rods to BRL 17421 was also determined. Temocillin exhibited a high level of antibacterial activity against various bacterial species of the Enterobacteriaceae family, including isolates resistant to mezlocillin. The 90% MICs against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. and indole-negative and indole-positive Proteus strains ranged from 0.5 mg/l to 16 mg/l. Concentrations of 16 mg/l were required to inhibit 80% of the Serratia marcescens strains; some isolates were resistant. No significant difference between MIC and MBC values was observed.
Infection
PMID:[Microbiological studies with the new penicillin BRL 17421 (temocillin)]. 630 7

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, cefotiam and cefamandole were determined against various species of gram-negative bacteria and against Staphylococcus aureus. Ceftizoxime was more active against Enterobacteriaceae than cefamandole, cefotiam and cefoperazone and slightly more active than or similar to moxalactam and cefotaxime. Like cefotaxime and moxalactam, ceftizoxime was less active than cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and less active than cefamandole against S. aureus. Ceftizoxime was active against cephalosporinase-producing Enterobacteriaceae with a mean MIC of 0.19 mg/l. However, some isolates had an MIC above 32 mg/l.
Infection
PMID:Ceftizoxime (FK 749) in vitro antibacterial activity. 632 20

Using regression analyses, we have determined criteria for the assessment of ceftazidime using the agar diffusion test with a 10 micrograms disc. With the ICS procedure, inhibition zones of greater than or equal to 15 mm on Mueller-Hinton agar, greater than or equal to 17 mm on Iso-sensitest agar and greater than or equal to 18 mm on DST agar indicate susceptibility (MIC less than or equal to 16 mg/l). Using the Kirby-Bauer procedure, Mueller-Hinton agar and the same discs, inhibition zones of greater than or equal to 12 mm indicate susceptibility. Minor discrepancies between these results and those found in the literature are due in part to differences in methodology, in particular, however, to differences in the bacteria tested. Mean MIC values for ceftazidime on DST agar were 0.25, 2.83 and 1.0 mg/l, respectively, for the international reference strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.
Infection 1983
PMID:Criteria for the assessment of susceptibility to ceftazidime using the disc diffusion procedure. 633 16

The susceptibilities of urinary isolates of Escherichia coli (50 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15 strains) and Proteus mirabilis (15 strains) to gentamicin and ampicillin were determined and compared using the following methods: standard tube dilution, standard microdilution, commercial microdilution and disk diffusion susceptibility tests. Results of susceptibility testing performed with the Api- 10M commercial microdilution method agreed with those of the tube dilution method in 93% of the tests, but in only 70% of those obtained with the standard microdilution method; tube dilution and standard microdilution agreed in 85.6% of the cases. All three methods of MIC susceptibility testing agreed with the disk diffusion method in 100% of the tests. There was a definite tendency for the Api- 10M system to give higher MICs than the tube dilution method; the standard microdilution method tended to give lower MICs than those obtained by tube dilution and the commercial microdilution system. The Api- 10M system is a reliable, simple and accurate method since it correlates very will with the tube dilution method.
Infection
PMID:A comparison of the Api-10M commercial microdilution system with the tube dilution and standard microdilution methods. 637 67

Highly resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 12 accounted for 42.2% of the pseudomonads isolated from patients in a 600-bed hospital over a period of 18 months. In vitro studies showed that this organism was resistant to tobramycin, gentamicin, apalcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin, ticarcillin, cefotaxime and cefsulodin. All serotype 12 isolates were completely sensitive to ceftazidime. Its geometric mean MIC was 3.4 mg/l. This new cephalosporin seems promising for the treatment of patients infected with pseudomonas, especially when a resistant strain such as serotype 12 is involved.
Infection 1983
PMID:The in vitro activity of ceftazidime against a multi-resistant serotype 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 640 72

The antibacterial activity of moxalactam was studied in vitro against 229 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms using the agar dilution technique. Mueller-Hinton agar was used as growth medium. The results were compared to those obtained with cefamandole. All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by moxalactam at a concentration of 8 microgram/ml or less. The concentrations of cefamandole with which the same effect was obtained were 0.5 microgram/ml and 2 microgram/ml respectively. Moxalactam was highly inhibitory against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus morganii - 90% of the strains were inhibited by 0.125 microgram/ml. Moxalactam was highly superior against Proteus rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are usually resistant to cefamandole: the MIC100 and MIC90 were 0.25 microgram/ml and 8 microgram/ml respectively. High sensitivity was found in strains of Salmonella species, nine of which were Salmonella typhi: the MIC90 was < 0.063 microgram/ml versus the eightfold higher concentration of cefamandole. The broad-spectrum activity and unusual MIC patterns of moxalactam - eight or manyfold higher concentrations of cefamandole were needed to inhibit 90% of most gram-negative strains studied - make moxalactam an unusual and promising antibiotic.
Infection 1980
PMID:In vitro antibacterial activity of moxalactam, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic. 644 72

The susceptibility of 115 Bacteroidaceae strains to LY 127935 was determined by broth dilution, agar dilution and agar diffusion tests. Simultaneously, the strains were tested for degradation of the oxa-beta-lactam. Only five strains (3 Bacteroides fragilis and 3 Bacteroides oralis/Bacteroides bivius) partially degraded LY 127935. No major discrepancies between the results of the agar dilution and broth dilution tests were observed. According to the results obtained by the agar dilution method, 50 strains of B. fragilus were inhibited by concentrations of less than or equal to 8 microgram oxa-beta-lactam per ml. Members of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus group of organisms had agar dilution MICs of less than or equal to 0.5 microgram LY 127935 per ml and Fusobacterium/Sphaerophorus species were inhibited by less than or equal to 64 microgram/ml. Strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. oralis/B. bivius and Bacteroides spp. were less susceptible. Due to the narrow range of MICs observed with B. fragilis strains, no regression line could be computed for the relationship between MIC and zone size.
Infection 1980
PMID:[In vitro activity of the oxa-beta-lactam LY 127935 against Bacteroides fragilis and other anaerobic gram-negative rods (author's transl)]. 644 73

The effect of pre-incubating Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes with subinhibitory concentrations of lincomycin was studied with respect to polymorphonuclear leukocyte function against these organisms. Culturing the above organisms in the presence of lincomycin (1/4 MIC) resulted in a significant enhancement of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity against these organisms.
Infection
PMID:Enhancement of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function against gram-positive aerobic organisms grown in the presence of lincomycin. 651 9


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