Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q29983 (MIC)
 21,138 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various antibiotics were evaluated as to their effect on Listeria monocytogenes SLCC 4013 multiplying within L 929 mouse fibroblast cells. Antibiotics were employed in concentrations above the MIC value. However, there was no measurable effect of some drugs on intracellular listeriae (azlocillin, mezlocillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol). With other drugs an inhibition of intracellular growth was observed (penicillin, ampicillin, rifampicin, rifapentine, erythromycin, doxycycline, co-trimoxazole, coumermycin). Notably, with none of the antibiotics a complete eradication of the listeriae was achieved. There is a good correlation of these results with animal experiments. Therefore, the cell culture system might be useful for the screening of new antibiotics.
Infection 1991
PMID:Effect of various antibiotics on Listeria monocytogenes multiplying in L 929 cells. 190 35

In this open study the efficacy and tolerability of rufloxacin in a single dose of 400 mg the first day and 200 mg the nine consecutive days was studied in 26 patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Twenty-two patients were evaluable for efficacy. Four patients stopped treatment prematurely after five days because of clinical cure. At the enrollment visit a pathogen was isolated in the sputum sample in 19 of 22 evaluable patients. The predominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis. In 17 of these 19 bacteriologically evaluable patients the initial infecting organism was eradicated from specimens obtained within 48 hours after the end of therapy. There was one case of persistent infection caused by S. pneumoniae (MIC 4 mg/l), one patient had a superinfection with Serratia marcescens (MIC 1 mg/l) susceptible to rufloxacin and therapy was stopped after five days due to clinical failure. One week after the end of therapy, 15 patients remained free from infection whilst one patient experienced reinfection with Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC 0.5 mg/l). Clinical cure or improvement was observed in 21 of 22 patients. Mild adverse events were reported by two of 26 enrolled patients. In one patient, complaining of headache and dizziness, the adverse events were considered possibly study drug related. No abnormal laboratory findings were reported. Nadir plasma levels of rufloxacin were measured and no accumulation in plasma was observed during treatment. A ten day course of an oral single dose of rufloxacin proved efficacious and was well tolerated in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infection
PMID:Rufloxacin once daily in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 191 50

The influence of pH, inoculum size, human urine and prostatic extract on the MICs of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim for Escherichia coli was investigated. There was no influence by the bacterial inoculum size within wide ranges on either drug. An increase in pH had a variable influence on the MICs of trimethoprim for E. coli but lowered those of ciprofloxacin considerably. Human prostatic extract increased the trimethoprim MIC for E. coli but lowered those of ciprofloxacin as compared to Mueller Hinton broth. Human urine increased the MICs of both drugs for E. coli.
Infection 1991
PMID:MICs of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim for Escherichia coli: influence of pH, inoculum size and various body fluids. 205 55

Infections in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occur in an area of impaired host defenses; therefore, bactericidal antibiotics that reach adequate concentrations in the CSF are necessary for treatment. Measurements of antibiotic penetration into the CSF include CSF inhibitory and bactericidal titers, the absolute antibiotic concentration in the CSF, and the CSF: serum concentration ratio. We present the case of a patient with Listeria monocytogenes meningitis who failed to respond clinically to standard therapy, and whose organism demonstrated tolerance to Ampicillin (MBC: MIC = 258:1) that successfully responded to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). The CSF peak bactericidal titer to TMP-SMX was 1:8, corresponding to that reported as necessary for successful outcome in patients with meningitis. The CSF peak: MBC ratios for TMP and SMX were less than 3:1 and equal to 3:1, respectively. These individual ratios are lower than those suggested for successful treatment of meningitis; however, the recommended ratios were established using single agents and did not account for synergistic activity with a drug combination such as TMP-SMX. The failure of standard therapy in this patient underscores the importance of MIC/MBC testing when tolerance is suspected or when CSF penetration of antibiotics is relatively poor. In addition, measurements of CSF inhibitory and bactericidal titers, which incorporate the antibiotic concentration in the CSF, susceptibility of the infecting microorganism, and host defense factors, may be useful in monitoring patients with meningitis.
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PMID:Pharmacodynamics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Listeria meningitis: a case report. 211 50

Infection models were used to clarify the roles of serum and extravascular concentrations in the in-vivo efficacy observed with azithromycin. In-vivo experiments were designed to give serum concentrations well below the MIC and tissue levels generally above the MIC at time of challenge and during the course of infection. The efficacy of azithromycin against a Salmonella enteritidis oral challenge (a tissue-associated infection model) in mice correlated directly with azithromycin liver levels, but not serum concentrations. The significance of extravascular pharmacokinetics was observed in a comparative study of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin against the salmonella challenge. Ciprofloxacin has a greater than 100-fold in-vitro potency advantage over azithromycin against this organism, but azithromycin (5 mg/kg) produced a greater reduction in cfu than ciprofloxacin (100 mg/kg) at the primary site of infection (liver). In another model, extravascular fluid levels, measured by bioassay of implanted paper discs, were compared with plasma levels in relation to control of a localized Staphylococcus aureus infection in rats. Extravascular fluid levels of azithromycin were greater than the MIC of the strain used for five days after a 100 mg/kg dose, while erythromycin levels were less than 20% of the MIC at 30 h after a 200 mg/kg dose. Serum concentrations of both compounds were less than 20% of the MIC at the time of challenge. The antibiotic levels at the site of infection correlated with the reduction of Staph. aureus cfu (99% with azithromycin compared with controls, P less than 0.01; 0% with erythromycin) recovered from inoculated discs. The significance of extravascular concentrations of azithromycin was further supported in other models of localized infections induced with Escherichia coli or a mixture of Staph. aureus and Bacteroides fragilis.
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PMID:Correlation of the extravascular pharmacokinetics of azithromycin with in-vivo efficacy in models of localized infection. 215 39

The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone, ampicillin and chloramphenicol was studied at a reference laboratory against the isolates of the first 33 patients enrolled in a pediatric Swiss Multicenter Meningitis Study. The predictive value of the MIC data of 31 of the strains was further corroborated by two sets of bacterial killing curves in broth supplemented with 2 g/l of albumin. Ceftriaxone had the lowest geometric mean MIC values against all groups of isolates except for ampicillin against Streptococcus agalactiae. The bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone and that of ampicillin, alone and in combination with chloramphenicol, was compared at six times the respective MICs and at pharmacologically readily achievable concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. The bactericidal power of ceftriaxone at six times the MIC was as good or better than that of ampicillin alone or in combination against Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae despite the very low drug concentrations of ceftriaxone compared to that of the competitors; and it was barely lower at six times the MIC and at 1 mg/l (a level that is readily surpassed in CSF at the 24 h trough level after a single daily dose of ceftriaxone of 100 mg/kg (neonates 50 mg/kg) than that of ampicillin and chloramphenicol at much higher concentrations against Haemophilus influenzae type b.
Infection
PMID:Short course single daily ceftriaxone monotherapy for acute bacterial meningitis in children: results of a Swiss multicenter study. Part II: Bacteriological results. 218 57

Escherichia coli GRI was isolated from an ear exudate of a newborn. The strain was highly resistant to cefotaxime (MIC 128 mg/l). Resistance to cefotaxime and the majority of beta-lactam antibiotics was readily transferred to an Escherichia coli recipient strain. Both the wild type and the transconjugant strains are different in their resistance phenotype from TEM-3 beta-cefotaximase producers by higher MICs to the majority of beta-lactams and lower MICs to ceftazidime. The isoelectric point of the cefotaximase of E. coli GRI was 8.9 in comparison with 6.3 for TEM-3. Thus, the enzyme produced by E. coli GRI represents a new plasmidic (plasmid pMVP-3) broad spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M) which may not be closely related to either the TEM- oder SHV-family of extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases.
Infection
PMID:A new plasmidic cefotaximase in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. 227 23

Susceptibility in vitro of 179 staphylococcal strains from 107 cystic fibrosis patients against 31 antibiotics indicates that only teicoplanin, vancomycin and netilmicin were active against all strains. The use of betalactam antibiotics is impaired by 11.7% of methicillin-resistant strains. The bactericidal kinetics of cephalexin and flucloxacillin as determined in a pharmacodynamic model demonstrates the killing of strains resistant to cephalexin (MIC 8 mg/l to 32 mg/l) by flucloxacillin. For the rational selection of antistaphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis patients, both the MIC of the isolates and the concentration of the antibiotics in cystic fibrosis patients have to be considered.
Infection
PMID:Selection of antibiotics for treatment and prophylaxis of staphylococcal infections in cystic fibrosis patients. 233 48

The in vitro activity of enoxacin was tested in 14 German microbiological centers shortly after the introduction of the drug in Germany. 2748 unselected clinical isolates including 15 bacterial species were analysed using microtiter plates. The MIC90-values were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus 4 mg/l, Enterococcus faecalis 16 mg/l, Enterobacteriaceae 0.5 mg/l, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 mg/l. There is good correlation between these results and those of former investigations. It is known that quinolones are only moderately active against enterococci. 8.5% of S. aureus, and 1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were found to be resistant (MIC greater than 4 mg/l). As to P. aeruginosa, the study revealed that despite a generally low rate of resistance in specific clinical settings, specific problems can arise: in one institution, the MIC90 of P. aeruginosa was 32 mg/l, with a resistance rate of 56.1% (n = 57). In the other centers the MIC90 was 2 mg/l and the resistance rate 5.0% (n = 302). In the first center, many of the isolates were from paraplegic patients or patients with cystic fibrosis pretreated with quinolones. This study will be repeated in two years' time in order to determine an eventual change in resistance.
Infection 1989
PMID:[In-vitro activity of enoxacin: a multicenter study]. 250 73

The incidence of strains producing transferable beta-lactamases capable of hydrolyzing third generation cephalosporins or aminothiazole-oximino substituted monobactams in five Buenos Aires hospitals during a four month period was studied. These enzymes were categorized by 1) MIC greater than or equal to 1 mg/l for third generation cephalosporins; 2) MIC less than 0.06 mg/l for third generation cephalosporins combined with clavulanic acid or sulbactam; 3) sensitivity to imipenem or cephamycins (excluding permeability mutants); and 4) transferable resistance by conjugation. Beta-lactamases hydrolyzing aminothiazole-oximino substituted monobactams were produced by 17.2% of Enterobacteriaceae from intensive care unit patients; 3.6% from inpatients of other units and 1.2% from outpatients. Producers were mainly Klebsiella spp. (45/46) resistant to aminoglycosides (most of them AAC 3'-AAC 6' producers). Three strains had a an isoelectric point of 6.0, two of 6.5 and three of 7.7. TEM-1 beta-lactamase (isoelectric point 5.4) was detected in 6/8 strains. An inocolum effect was observed in 40/46 strains. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain preserved since 1982 also produced a transferable beta-lactamase hydrolyzing aminothiazole-oximino substituted monobactams.
Infection
PMID:Incidence of strains producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases in Argentina. 261 38


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