Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q29983 (MIC)
 21,138 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum and sputum concentrations of ampicillin or amoxycillin were measured in patients admitted to hospital for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with purulent sputum. Mean peak serum levels of nearly 12 mg/l were found after 1600 mg bacampicillin (mean peak level in sputum 0.85 mg/l). The serum and sputum concentrations after 750 mg amoxycillin and 800 mg bacampicillin were comparable (mean peak serum levels approximately 9.5 mg/l, sputum concentrations 0.4 to 0.5 mg/l) although the drugs were not given in equimolar doses. Results after 1000 mg ampicillin by mouth were less satisfactory (mean peak serum level 7.8 mg/l) and only 0.25 mg/l was attained in the sputum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and amoxycillin were measured for 177 Haemophilus influenzae strains. Most of the ampicillin MIC values were between 0.125 and 0.5 mg/l but more of the strains required 0.5 mg/l of amoxycillin. The amoxycillin MIC values were often one or two dilutions higher than those of ampicillin (p less than 0.001).
Infection 1979
PMID:Serum and sputum antibiotic levels after ampicillin, amoxycillin and bacampicillin chronic bronchitis patients. 31 30

The results of antibiotic therapy in 271 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are presented. The effectiveness of the better absorbed ampicillin esters (pivampicillin and bacampicillin) is confirmed, but side-effects from the pivampicillin present problems whereas bacampicillin is excellently tolerated, even in twice daily doses of 1600 mg. Amoxycillin, if given in 750 mg doses three times daily by mouth, is also safe and effective against Haemophilus influenzae. However, if accurate MIC results are not available for both ampicillin and amoxycillin, the lesser degree of sensitivity to amoxycillin suggests that use of an ampicillin ester (such as bacampicillin) is to be preferred. Prophylactic use of antibiotics in chronic bronchitis patients does not seem logical to us.
Infection 1979
PMID:A clinical comparison of ampicillin, ampicillin esters (bacampicillin and pivampicillin) and amoxycillin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 31 31

Doxycycline concentrations provided by the antibiotic diffusion from paper discs into sterile agarized medium and the medium plated with staphylococci and Coli bacteria were studied at different distances from the disc center. Infection of the nutrient medium with the test cultures had no effect on the antibiotic diffusion rate. A linear relation between the logarithm of the antibiotic concentration in the agar and distance from the disc centre were found. Probably it is possible to determine the MIC of the antibiotic with respect to various microorganisms by the value of the radius of the growth inhibition zone around the disc using diagrams expressing such a relation.
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PMID:[Development of a method for the quantitative assessment of the microorganism sensitivity to antibiotics by using discs. A study of the patterns of doxycycline diffusion from discs into the nutrient agar]. 32 48

In 25 patients with urinary tract infections (pathogen Escherichia coli), colony counts from bacteria in the urine were done before and after treatment with antibiotics. Both 800 mg bacampicillin and ampicillin have a higher bactericidal effect in urine than co-trimoxazole. Patients with acute urinary tract infections given 400 mg bacampicillin and patients with chronic infections given double that dosage showed equally good results. In uncomplicated urinary tract infections with sensitive strains treated with cefotaxime, the colony count was reduced markedly faster than in infections in patients with kidney insufficiency or infection with multiresistant strains. The reduction of the colony count from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections and multiresistant strains during treatment with antibiotics is an important criterion in the evaluation of antibiotics. Such tests should supplement the customary sensitivity checks of antibiotics, the MIC and the agar diffusion test in the early phases of clinical trials.
Infection 1979
PMID:Elimination of bacteria during antibacterial chemotherapy--a neglected parameter of chemotherapy. 38 26

Although erythromycin has been used in therapy for more than 25 years, until now there has been no paper summarizing the data on tissue penetration. The present review documents in detail dose- and time-related peak serum levels of erythromycin derivatives after oral administration, in addition to the erythromycin tissue levels. The erythromycin tissue levels often manifoldly exceed the corresponding MIC values of pathogens sensitive to erythromycin. However, erythromycin does not penetrate the central nervous system, or only penetrates in small, incalculable amounts. The same applies for the placental passage of erythromycin. The tissue levels confirm, with respect to the MIC values of the pathogen spectrum, clinical experience with erythromycin in the treatment of ear, nose and throat infections, respiratory tract infections and, with some limitations Chlamydia urethritis.
Infection 1979
PMID:[Tissue penetration of erythromycin (author's transl)]. 47 53

Following oral administration of 800 mg bacampicillin, the concentrations of ampicillin were determined in normal (n = 16) and pathological (n = 12) lung tissue after 3.6 and 9 hours in a total of 28 patients. The serum concentration was determined simultaneously. The mean peak serum concentration (+/- SD) after one hour was 9.7 +/- 7.2 micrograms/ml. The mean concentration (+/- SD) in normal lung tissues were, after 3, 6 and 9 hours, 3.73 +/- 1.10 micrograms/ml, 1.06 +/- 0.99 micrograms/ml, 0.15 +/- 0.30 microgram/ml respectively, and in pathological lung tissues 0.95 +/- 0.31 microliters/ml, 0.86 +/- 1.11 micrograms/ml and 0.40 +/- 0.24 micrograms/ml respectively. Thus bacampicillin produced concentrations well above the MIC of the most important pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae, in both pathological and normal lung tissue.
Infection 1979
PMID:Ampicillin concentration in normal and pathological lung tissues after oral administration of bacampicillin. 51 59

The activity of the new cephamycin C derivatives cefoxitin against 102 clinical isolates of Bacteroidaceae (95 Bacteroides strains and 7 Fusobacterium-Sphaerophorus cultures) was determined by tube dilution and standardized agar diffusion tests and compared to that of cephalothin. Cefoxitin was more active than cephalothin against 56 Bacteroides fragilis strains, 19 Bacteroides thetaiota-omicron strains and two Bacteroides splanchnicus strains. The difference seemed less pronounced with five Bacteroides vulgatus and four Bacteroides variabilis cultures. Three Bacteroides melaninogenicus and six Bacteroides oralis strains displayed similar sensitivity to both cephalosporins. At concentrations of 32 microng/ml or less, cefoxitin inhibited 91% and cephalothin 33% of the Bacteroides strains. Two strains of Sphaerophorus varius were likewise much more sensitive to cefoxitin than to cephalothin (MIC values 8 micron8/ml of cefoxitin and 256 microng/ml of cephalothin). Three other Sphaerophorus strains (the species necrophorus and freundii/mortiferum) and two of Fusobacterium fusiforme (Fusobacterium nucleatum) strains were very similar in their susceptibility to both cephalosporins. Statistical analysis of the relationship between MIC and zone size diameter showed relatively high correlation coefficients for cefoxitin and cephalothin (r=-0.741 and r=-0.703 respectively).
Infection 1977
PMID:[In vitro susceptibility of bacteroidaceae to cefoxitin and cephalothin (author's transl)]. 85 27

The therapeutic efficacy of liposomal cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated in a granulocytopenic mouse model of acute lung infection. Granulocytopenia was induced in mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Mice were challenged by exposure to an aerosol containing P. aeruginosa and were treated i.p. with liposomal cefoperazone prepared by the dehydration-rehydration method. The half-life of free cefoperazone in the lungs following i.p. administration of the liposomal drug was significantly lengthened (13 min vs. 261 min), and the cefoperazone activity in the lungs remained above the MIC longer after administration of liposomal cefoperazone than after treatment with cefoperazone. Liposomal cefoperazone was more effective than cefoperazone alone in preventing death of granulocytopenic mice from lethal pulmonary challenge with P. aeruginosa (75% vs. 38% survival, p = 0.031). Finally, P. aeruginosa was cleared faster from the lungs of mice treated with liposomal cefoperazone when compared with those treated with cefoperazone. This study shows that incorporation of cefoperazone into liposomes enhances the activity of the antibiotic against P. aeruginosa in a granulocytopenic host.
Infection
PMID:The effect of liposomal cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a granulocytopenic mouse model of acute lung infection. 129 58

MICs of fosfomycin trometamol were estimated for 40 strains of bacteria (20 gram-positive cocci, 20 gram-negative bacilli) by the agar incorporation method (Iso-Sensitest agar) in the presence of the potentiating agent, glucose-6-phosphate (25 mg/l). Titrations were carried out in duplicate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. For 22 strains (12 gram-negative bacilli), a fourfold or greater reduction in MIC was observed in tests conducted under anaerobic conditions. The effect was particularly marked with Klebsiella spp., four of five strains of which showed a 16- to 32-fold reduction in MIC in anaerobic conditions. To investigate the reasons for the effect of anaerobiosis, selected strains were examined in an opacity monitoring device in which cultures can be grown in aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere. Surprisingly, the effect of anaerobiosis observed by continuous turbidimetric monitoring was much less than that seen in agar incorporation MIC titrations: under anaerobic conditions, there was little or no reduction in the concentration of fosfomycin trometamol required to cause a lytic effect on dense bacterial cultures, and a small, but variable effect on the emergence of resistant variants.
Infection 1992
PMID:The influence of anaerobiosis on the activity of fosfomycin trometamol. 129 23

Adhesion is the first step leading to colonization and infection of a foreign body (FBI). To assess the ability of a subinhibitory concentration (subMIC) of pefloxacin (P) to prevent such infection, an experimental model was developed in Swiss albino mice. Subcuts of polyurethane catheters (Vygon) were placed in the peritoneal cavity of animals and 24 hours later, different inocula of an adherent strain of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) (MIC of P:0.8 mg/l) were injected i.p. Unexposed SA served as controls. Two days later the removed catheters, blood and spleen specimens were quantitatively cultured for bacterial content and identity. Infection was defined as more than 10 CFU/ml of SA recovered. Significant protection of mice, with lower dissemination, was found with inoculum sizes of 10(5) and 10(6). These results suggest that subMICs of P may confer protection against foreign body infection.
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PMID:Efficacy of subinhibitory concentration of pefloxacin in preventing experimental Staphylococcus aureus foreign body infection in mice. 130 53


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