Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q17RS7 (Gen)
 130,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In young chicks submitted to acute stress by forced swimming there was a significant increase in the number of the measurable [3H]-flunitrazepam receptors in synaptosomal membranes from forebrain. In addition, low subsolubilizing concentrations of Triton X-100 caused a significant increase in the measurable [3H]-flunitrazepam receptor number in synaptosomal membranes from non-stressed chicks. However, this Triton X-100 stimulatory effect was not observed when tested in synaptosomal membranes from stressed chicks. In all cases the affinity remained unchanged. This result suggest that: (i) acute stress and Triton X-100 induce receptor recruitment by enhancing [3H]-flunitrazepam accessibility to a pool of receptors which is unmeasurable either before stress or in absence of detergent; (ii) neither recruitment types are additive and they involve receptors coming from the same nonmeasurable pool; (iii) stress induces a maximal recruitment of existing benzodiazepine receptors; (iiii) the pool of nonmeasurable receptors represents about a quarter of the total in control chicks. The recruitment at a short time of stress could be interpreted in terms involving internalization; recycling or modulation of receptors but not its biosynthesis or degradation.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1992
PMID:Benzodiazepine receptor recruitment after acute stress in synaptosomal membranes from forebrain of young chicks: action of Triton X-100. 131 85

Interrenal tissues from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were incubated in a defined medium under blood-gas atmosphere at 17 degrees. Rates of cortisol secretion by tissues incubated in media containing 50 mU/ml porcine-ACTH were initially much greater than those of resting tissues in hormone-free media, but after 3 to 6 hr returned to resting rates. The time course of cortisol accumulation in ACTH-containing media was the same when tissues were incubated in different volumes; the final concentrations of cortisol in these incubations were similar to each other and resembled peak in vivo concentrations in juvenile coho subjected to acute stress. Cortisol secretion rates of tissues sequentially transferred to fresh ACTH-containing media every 6 hr did not return to resting levels but remained elevated for at least 24 hr. Cortisol secretion in response to ACTH was attenuated or completely abolished in tissues incubated in media containing exogenous cortisol; this effect was reversible and dose-dependent. Our results suggest that in coho salmon, cortisol may exert ultra-short-loop negative feedback directly at the level of the interrenal gland to effect self-suppression.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1992 Aug
PMID:Evidence for ultra-short-loop feedback in ACTH-induced interrenal steroidogenesis in coho salmon: acute self-suppression of cortisol secretion in vitro. 132 52

1. The effects of swimming-induced stress on rat sensitivity to norepinephrine were studied. 2. Through microscopic analysis of the stomach from swimming stressed rats significant ulceration was observed, confirming that the stress situation was really present. 3. Sensitivity to norepinephrine either in the presence or in the absence of cocaine and propranolol in acutely swimming stressed rats was not altered significantly. 4. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in rats 2 days before swimming and acute stress resulted in a supersensitivity to norepinephrine, indicating that adrenal glands may, at least, partially mediate the sensitivity to this drug in vasa deferentia isolated from these animals.
Gen Pharmacol 1992 Nov
PMID:Involvement of swimming-induced acute stress in the sensitivity of rat vs deferens to norepinephrine. 148 23

The acute stress of handling followed by confinement for a period of 1 or 24 hr caused a typical stress response in rainbow trout (elevation of plasma ACTH and cortisol) and a significant reduction in the concentration of circulating growth hormone. The chronic stress of low oxygen levels in both crowded and uncrowded tanks of fish caused a significant elevation of circulating GH levels, an effect which was abolished by the provision of additional aeration to the rearing tanks. This chronic elevation of GH levels was closely correlated with an elevation of plasma cortisol in the same fish. These findings are discussed in relation to stress-induced growth suppression and to the links between the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis and somatotrope activity.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991 Jul
PMID:Effects of acute and chronic stress on the levels of circulating growth hormone in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. 165 35

To examine the reciprocal interactions among gonadal and adrenal steroid secretion, male tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) were subjected to two forms of stress. They were subjected either to the acute stress of being held in collecting bags for up to 4 hr or to the chronic stress of being maintained in individual cages in the laboratory for up to 3 weeks. In both cases, levels in stressed animals were compared to levels in free-living animals as controls. Under both conditions plasma levels of corticosterone increased and plasma levels of testosterone decreased compared to free-living controls. The response to the acute stress was much greater for both hormones than to the chronic stress, although in both cases testosterone levels changed less in response to stress than corticosterone levels. The corticosterone response to acute stress was extremely rapid with levels increasing over six-fold in the first 10 min. Plasma levels of corticosterone and testosterone were negatively correlated among individuals in the chronic stress experiment, but not in the acute stress experiment. This correlational evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of a direct effect of corticosterone levels on testosterone levels and suggests that these may only be expressed under some conditions.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991 Feb
PMID:Reciprocal changes in corticosterone and testosterone levels following acute and chronic handling stress in the tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus. 201 96

1. The function of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in certain areas of the rat brain was investigated after acute (30 sec) ether stress. 2. GABA endogenous concentrations, uptake of [3H]GABA and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase were measured in different brain areas. 3. After 30 sec of exposure to ether vapour, GABA concentration and total [3H]GABA uptake in the frontal cerebral cortex were increased. In contrast, stress increased GABA concentration in the hypothalamus, but reduced total [3H]GABA uptake. 4. Since the neuronal component of [3H]GABA uptake was increased in the frontal cerebral cortex this might be responsible for the increase in total [3H]GABA uptake. The increase in the endogenous concentration of GABA in the hypothalamus probably resulted from its enhanced synthesis because GAD activation was observed in the hypothalamus after stress. 5. In conclusion, the present study shows that acute ether stress induces rapid and quickly reversible changes in the GABAergic system according to the area of brain. The characteristics of these changes as related to their quick appearance and reversibility might suggest an effect upon neuronal activity due to acute stress exposure.
Gen Pharmacol 1990
PMID:Chemical stress and GABAergic central system. 216 58

Chronic confinement for 1 month caused a significant elevation of plasma cortisol but suppressed the levels of plasma testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone in sexually mature male brown trout. An acute handling stress for 1 hr elevated blood cortisol and ACTH levels and also suppressed circulating androgens. This androgen suppression in response to acute stress was accompanied by an elevation of plasma gonadotropin levels. These findings are discussed in relation to stress-induced suppression of reproductive function in mammals and the possible biological consequences of such a suppression in fish are outlined.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1987 Nov
PMID:The effects of acute and chronic stress on the levels of reproductive hormones in the plasma of mature male brown trout, Salmo trutta L. 282 50

An acute form of "stress-analgesia" is evoked by allowing the smoke of a cigarette to envelope the nostrils of unanaesthetized rabbits. The response consists of an immediate and generalized arrest of spontaneous movements, including respiration and expiration, reduced muscular tone, and unresponsiveness to pinching. This motor "paralysis" is accompanied by a profound bradycardia. Attempts have been made to identify the neurotransmitters involved in "the smoke reflex" by the intervention of antagonists and psychopharmaca. The bradycardia was selectively blocked by atropine, leaving the somatomotor inhibition unaltered. All components of the response were abolished by approximately 60% by clonidine and by 40% by the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline, both of which are known to attenuate the release of noradrenaline as agonsits of alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Yohimbine blocked the clonidine effect. Naloxone (1-2 mg/kg), p-chlorphenylalanine and dexamethasone failed to influence the reflex response, suggesting that opiate, serotonergic and ACTH-systems do not play a critical role. The same applied to the benzodiazepine chlordiapoxide. The results suggest that this acute stress-induced analgesia is mediated via a noradrenergic system. The relationship of the smoke reflex to "the fear paralysis reflex", a possible trigger mechanism for the sudden infant death syndrome, is discussed.
Gen Pharmacol 1987
PMID:Neurotransmitters in "the smoke reflex" in rabbits. 288 36

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) capable of determining blood ACTH levels in salmonid fishes was developed and validated. The RIA used an antibody raised against mammalian ACTH, iodinated human ACTH as tracer, and human 1-39 ACTH as standard. Incubation of the standard or unknown with antibody for 3 days before addition of as little high-specific activity tracer as practicable (1500 cpm; equivalent to 5 pg ACTH) produced a very sensitive RIA; the operating range was 5 to 200 pg ACTH/ml. Extracts of both pars distalis and neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary glands from a range of salmonid species diluted parallel to the ACTH standard in the RIA. There was always considerably more ACTH-immunoreactivity (ACTH-IR) in the pars distalis extracts than in the neurointermediate lobe. Generally plasmas also diluted parallel to the ACTH standard, with the exception only of the plasma from sexually mature female salmonids, which diluted very non-parallel to the standard, leading to unrealistically low estimates of the ACTH-IR level. The use of heparin as an anticoagulant during collection of samples caused problems when these plasmas were immunoassayed; instead EDTA was found to be a suitable anticoagulant. When the ACTH-IR was extracted from a pool of plasma obtained from acutely stressed salmon and chromatographed on a column of BioGel P6, followed by subsequent ACTH RIA of the fractions, only a single sharp peak of ACTH-IR was detected, which eluted in the position of authentic 1-39 ACTH. The plasma ACTH-IR level in unstressed fish was low, and near the detection limit of the RIA. An acute stress, produced by crowding and confinement for 30 min, increased ACTH-IR approximately 10-fold, and plasma cortisol levels 50-fold, but the plasma alpha-MSH level was not affected. Dexamethasone-treated fish did not respond to this stressor with any increase in either ACTH or cortisol levels.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986 Jun
PMID:The development and validation of a radioimmunoassay to measure plasma ACTH levels in salmonid fishes. 302 60

Adaptation of brown trout to a black or white background had no statistically significant influence on the activity of the pituitary-interrenal axis in unstressed fish, in fish under conditions of mild chronic stress, or in fish under conditions of severe, acute stress. This finding is in contrast to several other studies on salmonid fish in which background color adaptation has been shown to modulate the pituitary-interrenal response to environmental stress. It is argued that these differences in results may be related to the prior history of interrenal activation in the experimental fish and that in previously unstressed brown trout the activity of the pituitary-interrenal axis is independent of melanotroph activity in the pars intermedia when fish are exposed to subsequent stress.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986 Nov
PMID:Independence of the pituitary-interrenal axis and melanotroph activity in the brown trout, Salmo trutta L., under conditions of environmental stress. 303 Aug 75


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>