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 130,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A mixed influenza A and B epidemic, which affected 30 per cent of the boys in a boarding school during the early part of 1976 is described. Virological findings indicate that most cases were due to influenza viruses similar to A/Victoria/75.The incidence of influenza was similar in all blocks in the school, but very variable in the boys' houses. The four-day half-term holiday helped to limit the epidemic.Eighty-six per cent of the boys had received an influenza vaccine containing the A/Scotland and A/Port Chalmers antigens.Influenza vaccination was of definite value, giving a protection rate among vaccinated boys of 36 per cent. Vaccinated boys who developed influenza had a shorter illness than unvaccinated boys.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1977 Jan
PMID:The protective effect of influenza vaccine in a mixed influenza A and B epidemic in a boys' boarding school. 83 68

Methods are described for the preparation in vivo of 35S-methionine-labelled influenza viruses, the purifiction of the nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix (M) proteins and the separation of peptides obtained by protease digestion by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The maps of the M proteins of A/Okuda/57(H2N2) and A/Finland/4/74(H3N2) were very similar overall but differed in three peptides. Hence they could be clearly distinguished. Maps of the NP proteins of the same strains showed a greater number of differences. A recombinant strain having the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the A/Finland/4/74 parent and the virulence of the A/Okuda/57 parent was shown to have the M and P proteins of A/okuda/57.
J Gen Virol 1977 Sep
PMID:Internal proteins of influenza virus: 35S-methionine peptide maps as genetic markers. 91 80

The base sequence homology between all eight 32P-labelled RNA segment of fowl plague virus (FPV) and the complementary RNA (cRNA) of an influenza B virus (B-mass), and between segment 8 of virus N and the cRNA of the same influenza B strain has been determined. All segments of FPV and segment 8 of virus N show a significant base sequence homology, ranging from 18 to 50% suggesting that influenza A and B viruses have a common ancestor. The conserved regions in segments 4,6 and 8 of the influenza A strains are identical to corresponding regions of the influenza B virus tested.
J Gen Virol 1977 Nov
PMID:Genetic relationship between an influenza A and a B virus. 92 82

Lipid-free influenza virus cores have been obtained by a three step procedure consisting of (a) treatment with proteolytic enzyme, (b) fixation with formaldehyde and (c) delipidization with saponin or deoxycholate. Several reagents proved efficient in removing the virus lipids as judged by morphological features and increased buoyant density, but only cores prepared by means of sodium deoxycholate have been characterized closely. Ultrathin sections revealed round bodies (about 65 nm in diam.) delineated by a single dense track and with an internal structure very similar to that of the complete virus particles. They contained both the nucleoprotein and the M-protein and no lipids. It is proposed to call the limiting structure which appears (3 to 4 nm thick in ultrathin sections) the core shell.
J Gen Virol 1976 May
PMID:Preparation and characterization of influenza virus cores. 93 91

The neuraminidase inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-trifluoroacetylneuraminic acid (FANA) inhibits the mutlicycle replication of influenza viruses in tissue culture. Influenza virus grown in the presence of FANA contains neuraminic acid on its envelope which then serves as receptor for other virus particles causing extensive aggregation. Thus, FANA inhibits influenza virus replication by preventing the enzymatic removal of neuraminic acid from the virus envelope.
J Gen Virol 1976 Oct
PMID:Inhibition of influenza virus replication in tissue culture by 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-trifluoroacetylneuraminic acid (FANA): mechanism of action. 97 83

A mathematical model of an influenza epidemic which occurred in 1961 is suggested. The mathematics imply conclusions on the practical control of similar outbreaks. This is a technique applicable to one general practice.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1976 Dec
PMID:A mathematical approach to epidemic control. 101 Dec 10

Ortho- and parainfluenza viruses isolated from the cloacas of migrating feral ducks shot on the Mississippi flyway included three strains of influenza. A virus (Hav6 Nav1, Hav6 Nl, Hav7 Neq2) as well as Newcastle disease virus. One influenza virus, A/duck/Memphis/546/74, possessed Hav3 haemagglutinin, but the neuraminidase was not inhibited by any of the known influenza reference antisera. The neuraminidase on this virus was related to the neuraminidases on A/duck/GDR/72 (H2 N?), A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66 (Hav 5 N?), A/duck/Ukraine/1/60 (Hav3 N?) and A/turkey/Wisconsin/68. We therefore propose that the neuraminidase on this group of influenza viruses be designated Nav6. The A/duck/Memphis/546/74 influenza virus caused an ocular discharge in 1 of 5 ducks and was shed in faeces for 10 days; it was stable in faecal samples for up to 3 days at 20 degrees C. These results suggest that ecological studies on influenza in avian species should include attempts to isolate virus from faeces. Faecal-oral transmission is an attractive explanation for the spread of influenza virus from feral birds to other animals.
J Gen Virol 1976 Aug
PMID:Ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks: characterization of a new group of influenza A viruses. 101 73

Rapid treatment of influenza virus directly on the microscope grid with non-ionic detergent had allowed better visualization of the internal component. Many micrographs show that this ribonucleoprotein (RNP) is present as a continuous stand of 6 nm diam. arranged in the form of a double coil or helix. In spite of the minimal treatment to which the virus was subjected most helices still showed signs of degradation. The findings that we have obtained lead us to suggest that the RNP component of influenza virus must be very sensitive to both chemical and physical manipulations, any of which could cause it to fracture from one continuous strand into several pieces, although such breakages could possibly occur at specific points along its length.
J Gen Virol 1975 Jun
PMID:A morphological study of the internal component of influenza virus. 117 Feb 77

A synthetic nucleoside analogue 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboamide (ribavirin or RTCA) inhibits the replication of tissue culture of influenza B virus and also a wide range of influenza A viruses of human, animal and avian origin. The synthesis of influenza virus-induced antigens and also structural and non-structural polypeptides is inhibited by RTCA as detected by immunofluorescence and by pulse labelling experiments with [35S]-methionine. The inhibitory effects of RTCA on influenza A virus replication in tissue culture is reversed by a molar excess of guanosine or zanthosine which suggests that the compound acts at an early stage of virus RNA synthesis prior to the utilisation of the latter nucleosides. A possible inhibitory effect of RTCA on cellular DNA replication is not excluded.
J Gen Virol 1975 Sep
PMID:Inhibition of the replication of influenza A and B viruses by a nucleoside analogue (ribavirin). 117 69

This study tested how general practitioners diagnose streptococcal infection on clinical grounds alone, in patients who presented with sore throats.Four hundred and fifty-two patients were admitted to the study. A clinical diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up was completed in each case and the clinical assessment was checked by throat swabbing at first contact and a week later.The doctors were inaccurate in predicting streptococcal infection, but better than might be expected if prediction were a matter of pure guesswork. Colds and influenza implied negative prediction, tonsillitis a positive prediction, and pharyngitis was doubtful.In this series negative prediction for pharyngitis was 85.2 per cent and positive prediction 31.5 per cent accurate. The equivalent figures for tonsillitis were 61.5 per cent and 38.9 per cent respectively. There was a general tendency to overpredict streptococcal infection which was most marked in acute follicular tonsillitis, but this led to few false negatives. The tendency to overpredict streptococci was most marked when the patient was an adolescent female.There were differences between the urban and rural patterns. During the same period, influenza (and similar illnesses) was recorded less often in the country, whereas urban practitioners were more likely to predict streptococcal infection. Rural practitioners were more accurate in prediction because they were less prone to implicate streptococcal infection than their urban colleagues; there was a higher proportion of cases with proven streptococcal infection in the town and there is a disproportionately high number of adolescent females among the urban patients.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1975 Feb
PMID:Acute sore throat--diagnosis and treatment in general practice. 117 7


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