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 130,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve influenza A viruses, antigenically related to the Ho, H1 and Hsw1 subtypes, were isolated from cloacal samples of feral ducks in Canada. Antigenic comparisons showed that these viruses were most closely related to the recent HSW1N1 isolates from man and pigs, whereas in vivo pathogenicity tests revealed differences between the Hsw1N1 viruses from the ducks and those from humans and pigs. Antigenic characterization of 94 additional influenza A viruses from the ducks showed four haemagglutinin subtypes (Hav1, Hav4, Hav5 and Hav7), an unclassified haemagglutinin, and six neuraminidase subtypes (N1, N2, Neq2, Nav1, Nav2 and Nav5) in various combinations, some of which are novel and have not previously been reported. Three of these duck influenza viruses possessed a haemagglutinin antigenically related to that of classical fowl plaque virus. A much higher percentage of virus isolations were from juvenile ducks (18.5%) than from adults (5%). All of the ducks, from which viruses were isolated, appeared healthy at the time of sampling. Serological studies on a limited number of humans and domestic birds living in close proximity to the Canadian ducks revealed no evidence of interspecies transmission. Our findings suggest that these birds serve as a substantial reservoir of antigenically diverse influenza viruses, including isolates antigenically related to the current human and animal influenza viruses. This reservoir in nature may be perpetuated by a cycle involving annual infection of juvenile birds followed by transmission to the remaining susceptible birds until the next congregation during the breeding season.
J Gen Virol 1978 Oct
PMID:Novel influenza A viruses isolated from Canadian feral ducks: including strains antigenically related to swine influenza (Hsw1N1) viruses. 8 Dec 67

H3N2 strains of influenza A isolated from swine in Hong Kong were compared with human strains of H3N2 influenza A variants in reciprocal HI tests using ferret sera. One isolate from swine was indistinguishable from A/Hong Kong/68, one set of viruses isolated in 1976 and 1977 was most related to A/Hong Kong/68 but was not identical to it, two isolates from 1976 were 'bridging strains' that cross-reacted equally with the contemporary variants A/Victoria/3/75 and A/Texas/1/77, similarly to a small number of recent human isolates, and two isolates from 1977 were similar to A/Victoria/3/75. These general relationships were supported by neuraminidase inhibition tests. The findings confirm and extend previous results indicating that swine may be a reservoir of old and novel variants of influenza A H3N2 strains related to those that infect man.
J Gen Virol 1979 Jul
PMID:Further studies of the antigenic properties of H3N2 strains of influenza A isolated from swine in South East Asia. 9 63

A thermodynamic approach has been used to measure the amount of haemagglutinin and matrix protein expressed at the surface of P815 cells infected for periods between 4.5 and 11 h with either WSN (H0N1) or JAP (H2N2) strains of type A influenza virus. This involved measuring the interaction of different concentrations of labelled (Fab)2 preparations of specific antibody with normal and infected cells. Assuming that one molecule of (Fab)2 bound to one molecule of antigen, values for the number of molecules of antigen/infected cell ranged from 7.6 X 10(5) to 1.7 X 10(7) for haemagglutinin and 1.3 X 10(5) to 1.1 X 10(6) for matrix protein. The ratio of haemagglutinin/matrix protein was lower for WSN-infected cells (1.7) than for JAP-infected cells (10). The same reagents were reacted with three purified A type virions; WSN, JAP and Port Chalmers (H3N2). Each preparation bound anti-matrix protein (Fab)2 though the value for haemagglutinin/matrix protein was much higher (66) than for infected cells and suggested that a virion may have a small number (about 12) of matrix protein molecules exposed though it was not excluded that the matrix protein detected was exposed only on damaged virions. Pre-treatment of infected cells with unlabelled reagent (anti-haemagglutinin) reduced the subsequent binding of the same labelled reagent but not the binding of the labelled matrix protein reagent and vice versa, suggesting that the haemagglutinin and matrix protein were not very close to each other on the cell surface.
J Gen Virol 1979 Mar
PMID:The measurement of haemagglutinin and matrix protein present on the surface of influenza virus infected P815 mastocytoma cells. 10 73

Various strains of influenza C virus grew productively in an established line of monkey kidney cells (LLCMK2) without prior adaptation. When trypsin was added to the medium, higher virus yields were obtained than in other cell cultures. All influenza C virus strains tested formed well defined plaques under the agar overlay medium containing trypsin. Infectivity determined by plaque assay in LLCMK2 cells was higher than that determined by amniotic inoculation of fertile hens' eggs.
J Gen Virol 1979 Apr
PMID:Established cell line sensitive to influenza C virus. 11 96

The haemagglutinin of A/Dk/alb/60/76, an influenza A virus isolated from feral ducks in Canada, possesses no antigenic relatedness to any of the 16 reference haemagglutinin subtypes. Results of serological tests (HI and double immunodiffusion) with monospecific antisera to the haemagglutinin of this virus indicate that it represents a new avian haemagglutinin subtype. We propose that this haemagglutinin be designated as Hav10 under the current system of nomenclature.
J Gen Virol 1979 Dec
PMID:Characterization of a new avian influenza virus subtype and proposed designation of this haemagglutinin as Hav10. 12 Apr 14

Inorganic sulphate (35S) was incorporated into the haemagglutinin molecule of A/Memphis/1/71 (H3N2) influenza virus when a keratosulphate-like host antigen was also incorporated into the glycoproteins of virus grown in the chorioallantoic membrane of the embryonated hen's egg. Little or no 35S-sulphate was incorporated when this hose antigen was not present in the glycoproteins of virus grown in chick embryo kidney cells or in the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated duck eggs. The presence of the keratosulphate-like host antigen was required for the stability of the haemagglutinin molecule in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The haemagglutinin molecules from virus grown in hens' eggs were stable in SDS, whereas those from virus grown in duck eggs or in chick embryo kidney cells were not and could not be isolated on cellulose acetate. Chemical analysis showed that there were 87 glucosamine residues and three molecules of sulphate per haemagglutinin subunit as calculated for a trimer molecule having a mol. wt. of 200 000. There was one sulphate molecule per HA1 polypeptide chain and this was associated with the slowest migrating carbohydrate-protein complex of an HA1 tryptic digest separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
J Gen Virol 1978 Nov
PMID:Host antigen as the sulphated moiety of influenza virus haemagglutinin. 15 2

The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of interferon production by mouse spleen cells co-cultivated with BHK-HVJ cells, i.e. baby hamster kidney cells persistently infected with the HVJ (or Sendai) strain of para-influenza I virus. Cytochalasin B appears to inhibit an early stage in the process and colchicine a relatively late stage. It is suggested that microfilaments and microtubules may play in important role at an initial stage of interferon production in this system.
J Gen Virol 1976 Oct
PMID:The effects of cytochalasin and colchicine on interferon production. 18 21

Infectious influenza and parainfluenza viruses were produced as plaql passages of egg-grown viruses in MDCK monolayers. Virus titres of 10(6) to 10(11) p.f.u./ml were obtained for several A and B strains of influenza and parainfluenza viruses.
J Gen Virol 1976 Oct
PMID:Plaque formation with influenza viruses in dog kidney cells. 18 24

BHK 21 carrier cells persistently infected with VSV Indiana for over 2 years have been shedding generally very low levels of mature infectious virus or mature T particles (averaging less than one-hundredth p.f.u./cell/day) yet most cells are producing virus antigens and are resistant to homologous superinfection. However, large amounts of biologically active T particle RNP can be recovered from cytoplasmic extracts of these carrier cells even at times when they are shedding no detectable infectious virus. This recovered cytoplasmic RNP replicates (with helper B virions) to produce mature T particles, interferes strongly after DEAE dextran-facilitated uptake and, together with B virions, allows the establishment of a persistent carrier state in exposed cells. No 'provirus' DNA copies of the VSV RNA genome are detectable (less than 1/40 copy/cell or I copy per 40 cells) in carrier cells after more than 2 years of persistent infection, and all transfection attempts have failed using DNA from these VSV carriers or DNA from carrier cells persistently infected with some other negative strand RNA viruses (measles, mumps, LCM, influenza, rabies). Infectious viruses shed after more than I year from carrier cells originally infected with wild-type B virions are small plaque mutants showing a slight temperature sensitivity. Cured cell populations can be obtained from the long term VSV carrier culture by cloning in the presence or absence of antiviral antibody.
J Gen Virol 1976 Nov
PMID:Long-term persistent vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus infection of cells in vitro. 18 59

The L, N and M proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were resolved from each other by gel filtration in the presence of 6 m-guanidine hydrochloride. Amino acid analysis for purified M protein of VSV showed that its chemical composition differed from those of influenza and SV5 M proteins.
J Gen Virol 1976 Dec
PMID:Isolation of the matrix (membrane) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus by gel filtration in guanidine hydrochloride. 18 28


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