Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q17RS7 (Gen)
 130,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six major epitopes have been recognized within the transmembrane gp41 molecule of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The immunodominant epitope is also recognized by antibodies in sera from laboratory personnel and is similar to a linear sequence of amino acids in the genome protein of two rhinovirus serotypes. The hypothesis is presented that immunodominance is produced by multiple priming of the host, following repeated infections with viruses unrelated to HIV-1, which share similar epitopes.
J Gen Virol 1990 Sep
PMID:The immunodominance of epitopes within the transmembrane protein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 may be determined by the host's previous exposure to similar epitopes on unrelated antigens. 217 May 68

Sulphoevernan is a sulphated alpha-1----3, 1----4 polyglucan (Mr 20,000) with a helical structure. This compound effectively inhibits both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 infection of cells in vitro at concentrations around 0.5 micrograms/ml. Moreover, the compound completely inhibits HIV-1-induced syncytium formation at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Competition experiments with 35S-labelled sulphoevernan revealed that the mannose-specific lectin from Narcissus pseudonarcissus prevented binding of sulphoevernan to HIV-1, whereas the antibody OKT4A did not reduce the amount of sulphoevernan bound to MT-2 cells. These data indicate that the non-cytotoxic polymer sulphoevernan binds to the virus rather than to the host cell. In vivo studies, using Rauscher leukaemia virus in NMRI mice, revealed that, at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg, the animals were protected against virus-induced increases in spleen weight. From these in vitro and in vivo data we conclude that sulphoevernan has potential in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
J Gen Virol 1990 Sep
PMID:Sulphoevernan, a polyanionic polysaccharide, and the narcissus lectin potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection by binding to viral envelope protein. 221 88

Aspartic proteinases from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) were found to interfere with microtubule assembly. Preincubation of the proteinases with purified brain microtubule proteins (tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins) at low ionic strength (pH 6.8), completely inhibited microtubule assembly. Analysis of microtubule proteins after incubation with proteinase showed no effect on tubulin but extensive cleavage of the microtubule-associated proteins 1 and 2 was observed. The digestion by the two proteinases differed. In the presence of HIV-1 proteinase, a fragment with an Mr of approximately 300, appeared, as well as at least three other new fragments, with Mr values of 188,000, 124,000 and 73,000. In the presence of AMV proteinase, the microtubule-associated proteins were extensively digested to many small fragments. The extending microtubule-associated proteins normally seen by electron microscopy on the microtubule surface disappeared after treatment with AMV proteinase. Our results show that retroviral proteinases are not restricted to cleavage of viral polyproteins in vitro. It is suggested that proteolysis of microtubular proteins by viral proteinases is an important step in viral pathogenicity and that it may be part of a mechanism causing degenerative effects in infected cells.
J Gen Virol 1990 Sep
PMID:Proteolytic cleavage of microtubule-associated proteins by retroviral proteinases. 221 89

We have investigated the effects of the fusion of liposomes with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1LVA) on the ability of the virus to infect CD4+ and CD4- cells. Fluorescence dequenching measurements indicated that HIV-1 fuses with liposomes composed of either cardiolipin (CL) or N-[2,3-(dioleyloxy) propyl]-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride (DOTMA) but not appreciably with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) liposomes. Pre-incubation of HIV-1 with DOTMA liposomes enhanced virus production (measured by p24 gag antigen production in the culture medium and in situ) in CD4+ A3.01 and H9 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not mediate the infection of the CD4- cell line, K562. Preincubation of HIV-1 with between 10 and 30 microM-DOTMA liposomes, and subsequent incubation with A3.01 cells, resulted in the production of about 30-fold greater levels of virus than controls. The presence of DOTMA liposomes during the incubation of A3.01 cells with HIV-1 enhanced the infectivity of the virus up to 90-fold compared to controls. Conversely, preincubation of HIV-1 with CL liposomes inhibited infection of A3.01 cells, dependent on the concentration of liposomes; DOPC liposomes did not alter the infectivity of the virus under any of the incubation conditions. Our results thus indicate that fusion of HIV-1 with liposomes alters the ability of the virus to infect its target cells.
J Gen Virol 1990 Dec
PMID:Liposomes modulate human immunodeficiency virus infectivity. 227 89

Sexual assault of males is an infrequently reported and a poorly understood phenomenon. Details of 100 victims who sought assistance from a nationwide agency set up specifically to provide help for such individuals are reported here. Twenty eight victims were aged 16 years or over at the time of assault. The assailants were known by 72 of the victims and were perceived by the victim to have a heterosexual orientation in 72% of these cases. Attacks were often multiple and in 33 cases involved disruption of skin or mucous membranes. Twenty victims received threats about the possibility of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus and 17 victims sought medical advice following the assault, most commonly from their general practitioner. It is suggested that greater opportunities for medical and psychological support should be given to male victims of sexual assault.
Br J Gen Pract 1990 Dec
PMID:Medical and social aspects of sexual assault of males: a survey of 100 victims. 228 28

We examined psychiatric correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a major risk group for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, men with hemophilia. A central goal was to identify psychosocial factors associated with increased vulnerability to psychiatric distress after infection with HIV. Seventy-five hemophiliacs, 31 of whom were HIV seropositive (HIV+), were studied. The HIV+ men had elevated depression, anxiety, and anger-hostility symptom scores relative to those of men who were seronegative for HIV. There were no additional symptom differences among men according to infection stage or clinical severity of hemophilia. Men with any of eight psychosocial characteristics were particularly susceptible to effects of infection on mental health: a personal history of psychiatric distress before HIV diagnosis; familial psychiatric history; a high school education or less; low social support from one's wife; low family support; low friend support; a poor sense of mastery over one's life; and experiencing recent life events involving loss. The HIV+ men with one or more such characteristics were highly symptomatic; remaining HIV+ men had significantly lower symptom levels, similar to the low levels noted in the men seronegative for HIV. The findings provide initial empiric support for the notion that clinical services to alleviate emotional distress should be targeted to intervene on HIV+ persons' psychosocial assets and liabilities.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990 Aug
PMID:Infection with human immunodeficiency virus and vulnerability to psychiatric distress. A study of men with hemophilia. 237 44

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has created a multidimensional crisis that is challenging the health care system. Individuals with or without risk behaviors have anxieties about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and need support and counseling. Once symptoms of HIV infection develop, crisis intervention and support need to be integrated into ongoing medical care. A biopsychosocial approach enables persons with AIDS to develop strategies for coping, to improve adherence, and to prevent transmission and suicide. Persons with AIDS are confronted with severe illnesses, neuropsychiatric disorders, discrimination, and death. Each person deserves the best medical and psychologic care available and the services of other disciplines where indicated. Caregivers, anxious about contagion, are devastated by the complexity, severity, and multiplicity of the illnesses that comprise AIDS and the lack of adequate resources to combat the epidemic. AIDS is a paradigm of a medical illness that requires a biopsychosocial approach. Psychiatric sequelae complicate the HIV epidemic, affecting both the uninfected and infected. The psychiatric manifestations of the uninfected include anxiety, phobia, factitious disorder, delusions, and Munchausen's AIDS. Psychiatric disorders associated with HIV infection include organic mental disorders, substance abuse disorder, affective disorders, adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders. The consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrist is in a unique position to clarify and treat the psychiatric complications and to provide leadership for multidisciplinary programs. The biopsychosocial approach enables persons with HIV infection, their loved ones, and caregivers to meet the challenges of the HIV epidemic with compassion, optimism, and dignity.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1990 Mar
PMID:Biopsychosocial approach to the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. A clinician's primer. 240 16

Two glycopolypeptides with molecular weights 160,000 and 120,000 (gp120) are regularly recognized by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antisera in lysates of cells persistently infected with HIV. In the present study, gp120 was characterized as the major envelope glycopolypeptide of HIV. Gp120 was identified as the external viral glycoprotein by radiosequencing and by its presence in purified virus. However gp120 was predominantly shed as a soluble protein into the culture fluid. Furthermore gp120 was precipitated by sera from horses infected with equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV), but not by sera from uninfected animals. This may indicate conserved epitopes common to the envelopes of HIV and EIAV.
J Gen Virol 1986 Nov
PMID:Shedding and interspecies type sero-reactivity of the envelope glycopolypeptide gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus. 243 Nov 5

The RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDDP) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was purified from sucrose density gradient-banded virus by four successive procedures: anion exchange chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose and adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite. The enzyme preparation was free of cellular DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. The properties of HIV RDDP were determined with a variety of template-primers. Generally, the enzyme used Mg2+ for optimal activity except with (Cm)n X (dG)12-18 as template-primer. Kinetic data (Michaelis constant, Hill coefficient) were calculated for several substrates.
J Gen Virol 1986 Dec
PMID:Functional purification and enzymic characterization of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of human immunodeficiency virus. 243 65

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the gag proteins of a British isolate of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CBL-1. Seven of the monoclonal antibodies recognized HIV gag-coded proteins of 55,000 mol. wt. (p55) and 24,000 mol. wt. (p24), three recognized p55/p18 and three p18 alone. Cross-competition assays suggested that at least two independent epitopes exist on the p24 cleaved from the p55 precursor, whereas a cluster of closely related epitopes was recognized by the p55/p18 and p18 antibodies. The panel of monoclonal antibodies was then used to compare by immunofluorescence the expression of gag-encoded antigenic determinants on HIV isolates from different geographical locations. Minor changes in epitope expression were observed in isolates from the U.S.A. and Haiti with the most notable changes being detected in isolates from Zaire, Tanzania and Uganda.
J Gen Virol 1987 Jun
PMID:Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gag products and their use in monitoring HIV isolate variation. 243 75


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