Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q17RS7 (Gen)
 130,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein was expressed in A549 cells infected with recombinant adenovirus types 4 and 7, each carrying the HIV-1 gag and pro genes. The Gag protein was assembled into enveloped virus-like particles that budded from plasma and vacuolar membranes. The particles, isolated by precipitation and isopycnic density centrifugation, contained both processed and unprocessed Gag-associated proteins.
J Gen Virol 1991 Jun
PMID:Ultrastructural characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag-containing particles assembled in a recombinant adenovirus vector system. 204 90

Primary cultures of essentially pure human term trophoblasts were studied to determine their ability to support the expression of complete proviral clones of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their permissiveness to this virus. Transient expression of molecular clones derived from two biologically distinct strains, BRU and NDK, resulted in the release of comparable amounts of infectious virions, which were rescued by cocultivation with permissive CEM-SS cells. Trophoblasts were inoculated with three HIV-1 isolates, RF, 3B and NDK, which differ in their cytopathogenicity on T lymphoblastoid cells. Infection of cells by all three strains was demonstrated by the presence of virus-specific proteins in the trophoblasts and the detection of virus gag gene-related DNA sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but cells were more susceptible to infection with the RF and NDK strains than with the 3B strain. The virus was readily transmitted to the CEM-SS cells with simultaneous formation of syncytia between the two cell types. Flow cytometry and direct radioimmunoassay revealed no trace of the CD4 receptor on the surface of the cultured trophoblasts and CD4 mRNA could not be detected by Northern blot hybridization, although a minimal amount of CD4-associated mRNA was detected by PCR. Our data suggest that infection of trophoblasts occurs independently of the pathway mediated by CD4.
J Gen Virol 1991 Jun
PMID:Susceptibility of cultured human trophoblasts to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 204 91

Site-directed mutagenesis was used to study the biological significance of a disulphide bridge and two N-linked oligosaccharides in the CD4-binding region of the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Mutagenesis was performed in a phage M13 system at sites corresponding to the cysteine residue (amino acid 402) and the asparagine residues (390 and 447) of the env gene. The mutated env gene was inserted into a recombinant vaccinia virus under the control of the vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter and the expression of mutated env proteins was analysed by SDS-PAGE, a conventional indirect immunofluorescence assay and by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Cysteine 402 was found to be essential for the specific cleavage of gp160 into gp120 and gp41, and for intracellular transport of the protein to the cell surface. CD4-binding and syncytium formation assays demonstrated that the disulphide bridge of cysteine 402 stabilized a conformation essential for receptor binding as well as syncytium formation by CD4+ cells. No altered biological activity compared to that of the wild-type proteins could be detected for the mutant proteins lacking the N-glycosylation sites. These data show that the two conserved glycans attached to asparagine residues 390 and 447 do not play any active role in the formation of the disulphide bridge involving cysteine 402 or in the maintenance of an active conformation of the protein, despite their location within the functionally important CD4-binding region.
J Gen Virol 1991 Jun
PMID:Effects of mutations in glycosylation sites and disulphide bonds on processing, CD4-binding and fusion activity of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins. 204 92

A random sample of 1000 general practitioners in New Zealand were surveyed to assess their infection control procedures in the surgery, particularly since the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Forty three per cent of the sample routinely used surgical gloves for minor surgical procedures, 8% used gloves for venepuncture, and 7% for blood glucose testing. Thirty two per cent reported a change in glove use since the emergence of HIV infection. Changes in sterilization procedures were also studied. Thirty eight per cent of the sample reported increased use of disposable equipment, and 38% reported changes in the sterilization solution used. Increased time spent by equipment in the sterilizer was reported by 33% of respondents and increased use of an autoclave by 18%. In general, women were more likely to have adopted infection control procedures than men. Infection control was also more common among those doctors having the greatest number of patients requesting HIV testing.
Br J Gen Pract 1990 Mar
PMID:Infection control procedures among New Zealand general practitioners: changes since the emergence of HIV infection. 211 12

In mid-1988 a postal survey was conducted of one in five general practitioners in England and Wales, to examine their contact with people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with worries about HIV infection or AIDS. The response rate was 63.9%. Of the 3339 respondents 22.7% knew of an asymptomatic HIV positive patient within their practice, 5.4% knew of a symptomatic HIV positive patient and 6.4% knew of a patient with AIDS. The estimated annual rate for HIV-related consultations in general practice (including consultations with the 'worried well') was 6.5 per 1000 population. HIV-related consultations occurred more frequently in the four Thames health regions than elsewhere. A sample of 715 practitioners who reported consultations with HIV infected people or those with worries about infection in the previous month, were invited to keep a diary of HIV-related consultations for one week. The response rate to the diary was 64%. Nineteen per cent of the 273 consultations recorded in the diaries were initiated by homosexual men, 16.5% by injecting drug users, 10.3% by the sexual partners of people at risk of infection; 42.9% of consultations were not associated with recognized risk factors. The results indicate that general practitioners have substantial contact with patients with HIV infection, with AIDS and with worries about HIV infection or AIDS. This contact is likely to increase, alongside the anticipated spread of HIV infection, with consequent implications for general practice resources.
Br J Gen Pract 1990 Apr
PMID:HIV infection and AIDS in England and Wales: general practitioners' workload and contact with patients. 211 52

All 922 general practitioners in Northern Ireland were sent a questionnaire on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Five hundred and ninety four general practitioners (64.4%) returned the questionnaire. Thirty eight respondents (6.4%) knew of an HIV positive patient in their practice and 93.3% felt they should be informed if one of their patients was found to be HIV positive at a genitourinary medicine clinic, even without the patient's consent. Of the respondents, 76.8% were willing to be involved in the management of AIDS patients in their practice in cooperation with hospital colleagues but only 37.5% felt confident to provide AIDS counselling and advice. Of the 368 general practitioners who did not feel confident to provide AIDS counselling and advice, 41.3% felt that they had insufficient knowledge and 79.6% felt uncertain of their counselling skills. The information gathered on the administration of injections, taking blood samples and disposal of needles indicated that further education for general practitioners is required to ensure safety at work.
Br J Gen Pract 1990 Apr
PMID:Knowledge of HIV infection and AIDS, and attitudes to testing and counselling among general practitioners in Northern Ireland. 211 53

Simian immunodeficiency virus from macaques (SIVmac) is closely related in its structure and biological activity to human immunodeficiency virus, and is the best animal model for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We investigated the kinetics of membrane fusion between SIVmac and phospholipid vesicles and the effects of various parameters on this process. Purified SIVmac was labelled with octadecyl rhodamine B chloride, and fusion was continuously monitored as the dilution of the probe in target membranes. These studies show that SIVmac fusion is strongly dependent upon the liposome composition. Fusion with pure cardiolipin (CL) liposomes is significantly faster than with CL/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) (3:7), phosphatidylserine (PS) or disialoganglioside (GD1a)/DOPC (1.5:8.5) vesicles. SIVmac does not fuse appreciably with pure DOPC liposomes. Reduction of pH from 7.5 to 4.5 greatly enhances the rate of SIVmac fusion with CL, CL/DOPC and PS membranes, but does not affect fusion with DOPC or GD1a/DOPC membranes. Calcium stimulates viral fusion with CL liposomes, but not with CL/DOPC or DOPC liposomes. SIVmac fuses with human erythrocyte ghost membranes only slowly at reduced pH. Our results indicate that SIVmac can fuse with membranes lacking the known viral receptor, CD4. Although the mechanism of SIVmac fusion with model and biological membranes remains to be determined, the fusion activity of SIVmac shares similarities with other lipid-enveloped viruses such as Sendai and influenza viruses.
J Gen Virol 1990 Sep
PMID:Fusion of simian immunodeficiency virus with liposomes and erythrocyte ghost membranes: effects of lipid composition, pH and calcium. 212 Mar 85

Biological interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were analysed in transfection and infection experiments, carried out in a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line (HOS) and in the same cell line chronically infected with HCMV (E155). When HOS and E155 cells were transfected with recombinant plasmids containing the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, LTR-directed CAT expression was 20 times higher in E155 cells than in HOS cells. HOS cells co-infected with HCMV and HIV-1 showed enhanced production of the HIV-1 p24 antigen. In reciprocal experiments, an increase in HCMV immediate early gene expression was observed when HCMV-infected HOS cells and E155 cells were either transfected with a recombinant plasmid containing the HIV transactivator gene (pTAT), or when infected with HIV-1. DNA hybridization analysis of E155 and HCMV-infected HOS cells revealed higher levels of HCMV DNA in cells transfected with pTAT than in cells transfected with other non-specific recombinant plasmids. E155 cells transfected with pTAT also produced higher titres of infectious HCMV than control cultures of E155 cells transfected with other recombinant plasmids, including pMTAT carrying a mutant tat gene. The functional reciprocity in vitro between HCMV and HIV is discussed with respect to its possible implications for the clinical development of AIDS.
J Gen Virol 1990 Jan
PMID:Reciprocal enhancement of gene expression and viral replication between human cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 215 40

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) structural proteins were identified using sera obtained from experimentally inoculated cats. Proteins analysed by both radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting were specific for FIV infection and failed to cross-react with either antisera to feline leukaemia virus of feline syncytium-forming virus. Western blot analysis of purified virus revealed immunoreactive proteins with apparent Mr of 65K, 50K, 40K, 32K, 24K, 15K and 10K. The major core structural proteins of the virus were isolated by reverse phase HPLC and the aminoterminal sequences of p10 and p24 were determined. Monoclonal antibodies specific for p24 suggested the presence of a precursor protein that could be detected in 35[S]methionine/cysteine-labelled, virus-infected cell extracts. This putative precursor protein possessed an apparent Mr of 50K (Pr50gag). Further analysis revealed the presence of two additional proteins of 130K and 40K. Experiments utilizing tunicamycin, endoglycosidase H and glycopeptidase F revealed that p130 and p40 exhibited properties characteristic of glycoproteins. Our studies also indicated that FIV is immunologically related to other lentiviruses.
J Gen Virol 1990 Mar
PMID:Biochemical and immunological characterization of the major structural proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus. 215 3

Antisense RNA, which has a sequence complementary to mRNA, may provide the basis for antiviral therapies of high selectivity. We have explored the inhibitory effect of six antisense RNAs upon the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cell culture. We chose regions of the HIV genome to test whether sequences required for splicing or for translation initiation were more susceptible to antisense RNA interference. Our results suggest that inhibitory antisense RNAs contain sequences complementary to the AUG initiation codon of the tat gene and have a comparatively low tendency to form intramolecular base pairs which would interfere with intermolecular duplex formation. Inhibition can be substantial (over 70%) but is transient. Transience does not result from mutation of the input virus. Inhibition was not a consequence of the induction of interferon by antisense RNA-mRNA duplex formation. Our results suggest that at least part of the inhibitory effect is at the posttranscriptional level.
J Gen Virol 1990 Sep
PMID:Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication in cell culture by endogenously synthesized antisense RNA. 217 May 67


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