Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q16637 (SMA)
 8,107 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are controverted tumoral entities which were recently delimited. They were initially identified by immunohistochemical investigation and processing of the gastrointestinal muscular tumors and of the malignant and benign nervous tumors. Those investigations were subsequently amplified by electronmicroscopic studies and observations during the patient's prognostic follow-up. Within these circumstances, monoclonal tumors responsive to smooth muscular antigens (actin, SMA), to polyclonal antigens reacting to S-100, PGP 9.5, NSE and GEAP were identified. Thus, tumors with a nervous origin known as a gastrointestinal nerve tumors or plexosarcomas were differentiated, taking into account the difficulty of their distinguishing from gastrointestinal tumors (GIST) which also shows multinucleated great cells. There were also difficulties in defining bidirectionally differentiated tumors or those nonresponsive to any antigen, all these elements proving their origin from nondifferentiated mesenchymal cells. These data are presented in a personal case report of a 28-year old woman with an acute anteroenteral invagination due to a gastrointestinal stromal tumor, favorably removed by surgery and with a postoperative outcome.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors--a recently defined entity. Literature data and personal case report. 868 30

We report two cases of benign clear cell tumor of the lung, which were found as well-circumscribed lesions on chest X-ray films without any symptoms, and removed surgically. Light microscopy showed proliferation of clear cells filled with glycogen in both cases. Immunohistochemical examination performed in a case suggested that the tumor cells might be associated to a derivation from neural and/or smooth muscle cells, because of positive staining for NSE and SMA. In another case, the tumor formed a necrotic cavity, which could be detected by the preoperative MRI examination. This report might introduce a note of caution for the pathologic and radiographic diversity of this disease.
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PMID:[Two cases of clear cell tumor of the lung]. 872 72

Rhabdoid tumor is a well-accepted clincopathologic entity among childhood renal neoplasms; similar tumors have been described in extrarenal locations. We present the clinicopathologic profile and the immunohistochemical features of a series of soft tissue rhabdoid tumors. Twenty-eight cases coded as extrarenal rhabdoid tumor (ERRT), RT, possible ERRT, and "large cell sarcoma" were retrieved from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology soft tissue registry. The tumors were reclassified according to strict criteria by light microscopy, clinical information, immunohistochemistry, and, in some cases, electron microscopy. Soft tissue rhabdoid tumor (STRT) was defined as (1) a tumor composed of noncohesive single cells, clusters, or sheets of large tumor cells with abundant glassy eosinophilic cytoplasm, an eccentric vesicular nucleus, and an extremely large nucleolus; (2) positivity for vimentin and/or cytokeratin or other epithelial markers by immunostaining; and (3) exclusion of other tumor types with rhabdoid inclusions (melanoma, other sarcomas, carcinoma). Eighteen cases met our criteria for soft tissue rhabdoid tumors. The median patient age was 13 years (range, 6 months to 56 years). Ninety-four percent of STRT cases were positive for vimentin and 59% for pan-cytokeratin. Sixty-three percent and 60% were positive for CAM 5.2 and EMA, respectively. Seventy-nine percent stained for at least one epithelial marker; 76% stained for both vimentin and epithelial markers simultaneously. Forty-two percent stained for MSA, and 14% for CEA and SMA. CD99, synaptophysin, CD57 (Leu-7), NSE, and focal S100 protein were identified in 75%, 66%, 56%, 54%, and 31% of the STRT cases, respectively. All STRT cases examined were negative for HMB-45, chromogranin, BER-EP4, desmin, myoglobin, CD34, and GFAP. Follow-up examination in 61% of the STRT patients revealed that 64% of patients died of disease within a median follow-up interval of 19 months (range, 4 months to 5 years); 82% had metastases to lung, lymph nodes, or liver; 22% had local recurrences before metastasis; and 18% were alive without known disease status (median, 5.5 years). Soft tissue rhabdoid tumor is a highly aggressive sarcoma, predominantly of childhood. Besides having nearly consistent coexpression of vimentin and epithelial markers, STRTs show positivity for multiple neural/neuroectodermal markers that overlap with those of primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
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PMID:Extrarenal rhabdoid tumors of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 18 cases. 993 May 72

This study investigated the immunocytochemical characteristics of normal myoepithelial cells (MECs) of human major and minor salivary glands using the LSAB method. Other human exocrine glands were used as controls. Immunoreactivity of MECs was observed exclusively with fully differentiated smooth muscle antibodies (a-SMA; SMMS-1; CALP; hCD) and with epithelial markers (cytokeratins) Ck14 and Ck17. This epithelial-muscular immunophenotype was similarly expressed in the MECs of other human exocrine glands used as control. In the salivary MECs, we did not observe evidence for neuroectodermic phenotype (S-100 protein, GFAP, NSE). On the contrary, positivity was observed for S-100 protein in Mecs of control glands (mammary, bronchial and sweat glands). Immunoreaction for extracellular matrix markers (fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV) and vimentin always were negative. Our data show that in normal "non transformed" MECs of the salivary glands the smooth muscle phenotype is in a state of complete differentiation, while the epithelial phenotype expresses only Ck14 and Ck17. This double and simultaneous immunoreactivity represents a differential marker of MECs from the epithelial basal cell (EBCs).
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PMID:On the myoepithelium of human salivary glands. An immunocytochemical study. 1098 Jun 76

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a recently recognized high-grade tumor with a propensity for nodal as well as systemic metastasis and can arise from different anatomic locations. The differential diagnosis includes adenoid cystic carcinoma, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with cytokeratin (34betaE12, AE3, pancytokeratin), as well as other cellular antigens (vimentin [VIM]; synaptophysin [SYNF]; chromogranin A [ChA]; neuron-specific enolase [NSE]; S-100, desmin, smooth-muscle actin [SMA]), were used in an immunoperoxidase method with paraffin-embedded tissue to phenotypically characterize a case with features of BSCC arising in the maxillary sinus. Neoplastic cells reacted with the high-molecular-weight cytokeratin antibody 34betaE12, as well as with other antikeratin antibodies, but failed to react with the antibodies VIM, desmin and SMA and showed variable immunoreactivity for NSE, SYNF and S-100. The staining pattern for NSE was diffuse and intense and reactivity for ChA was inconsistent.
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PMID:Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla: a case report and immunohistochemical analysis. 1212 1

Allergic sensitisation of the airways occurs in the mucosa of the shock organ, or in the lymphatic stations draining these structures. The lymphatic structure closest to the nasal mucosa in humans is the adenoid and tonsils. Research done in respect to Waldeyer's ring on people dealing at the same time with allergy, is seldom the subject of dissertation in polish as well as world wide medical literature. In the enclosed dissertation, writers present the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of hyperplastic tonsils and adenoid, taken from children with coexisting atopy. The authors describe an immunohistochemical analyses of the hyperplastic human palatine tonsil. They present the expression of antigen CD3, CD20, CD45, CD68, EMA, SMA, Vimentin, Desmin, S-100, von Willebrand Factor, p35, Bcl-2, melanin, cytokeratin, estrogen receptor, progesteron receptor, kolagen IV and NSE in every region of pallatine tonsil. It is worthwhile to remark, that many of these cases, the presence of eosinophilia and subepithelial oedema was observed. Our immunohistochemical findings support the hypothesis that allergic sensitization takes place in the adenoid and tonsils. Furthermore, this study confirms that dendritic cells ad macrophages are involved and important in allergic disease.
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PMID:[Histopathological and immunological analysis of hyperplastic palatine tonsils and adenoids in children with coexisting atopic dermatitis]. 1459 70

Three canine osteosarcoma cell lines were established from spontaneous pelvic and radial osteosarcomas. The cell populations cultured exhibited characteristics of malignancy and consisted of adherent, pleomorphic, mostly large spindle-shaped or polyhedral cells, characterised by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles. The main ultrastructural features included the presence of abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous cytoplasmic vesicles, deposit vacuoles and small cytoplasmic protrusions. Zymography showed that the cell lines produce high levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, enzymes directly involved in crucial aspects of the metastatic process. Consistent with their osteoblastic lineage and malignant phenotype, all cell lines were immunoreactive to vimentin, osteopontin, PCNA, p53, MMP-2 and MMP-9, while they were negative for cytokeratin, desmin, SMA, Factor VIII, NSE, GFAP, Rb and p21 protein. No retroviral particles or RNA were detected ultrastructurally or with RT-PCR, although the possibility of viral involvement in osteosarcoma cannot be excluded. The new cell lines provide excellent in vitro models that may allow further studies on the pathobiology of canine osteosarcoma to be undertaken.
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PMID:Characterisation of three novel canine osteosarcoma cell lines producing high levels of matrix metalloproteinases. 1519 3

We describe here--presumably for the first time--a Cajal-like type of tubal interstitial cells (t-ICC), resembling the archetypal enteric ICC. t-ICC were demonstrated in situ and in vitro on fresh preparations (tissue cryosections and primary cell cultures) using methylene-blue, crystal-violet, Janus-Green B or MitoTracker-Green FM Probe vital stainings. Also, t-ICC were identified in fixed specimens by light microscopy (methylene-blue, Giemsa, trichrome stainings, Gomori silver-impregnation) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The positive diagnosis of t-ICC was strengthened by immunohistochemistry (IHC; CD117/c-kit+ and other 14 antigens) and immunofluorescence (IF; CD117/c-kit+ and other 7 antigens). The spatial density of t-ICC (ampullar-segment cryosections) was 100-150 cells/mm2. Non-conventional light microscopy (NCLM) of Epon semithin-sections revealed a network-like distribution of t-ICC in lamina propria and smooth muscle meshwork. t-ICC appeared located beneath of epithelium, in a 10-15 microm thick 'belt', where 18+/-2% of cells were t-ICC. In the whole lamina propria, t-ICC were about 9%, and in muscularis approximately 7%. In toto, t-ICC represent ~8% of subepithelial cells, as counted by NCLM. In vitro, t-ICC were 9.9+/-0.9% of total cell population. TEM showed that the diagnostic 'gold standard' (Huizinga et al., 1997) is fulfilled by 'our' t-ICC. However, we suggest a 'platinum standard', adding a new defining criterion- characteristic cytoplasmic processes (number: 1-5; length: tens of microm; thickness: < or =0.5 microm; aspect: moniliform; branching: dichotomous; organization: network, labyrinthic-system). Quantitatively, the ultrastructural architecture of t-ICC is: nucleus, 23.6+/-3.2% of cell volume, with heterochromatin 49.1+/-3.8%; mitochondria, 4.8+/-1.7%; rough and smooth endoplasmic-reticulum (1.1+/-0.6%, 1.0+/-0.2%, respectively); caveolae, 3.4+/-0.5%. We found more caveolae on the surface of cell processes versus cell body, as confirmed by IF for caveolins. Occasionally, the so-called 'Ca2+-release units' (subplasmalemmal close associations of caveolae+endoplasmic reticulum+mitochondria) were detected in the dilations of cell processes. Electrophysiological single unit recordings of t-ICC in primary cultures indicated sustained spontaneous electrical activity (amplitude of membrane potentials: 57.26+/-6.56 mV). Besides the CD117/c-kit marker, t-ICC expressed variously CD34, caveolins 1&2, alpha-SMA, S-100, vimentin, nestin, desmin, NK-1. t-ICC were negative for: CD68, CD1a, CD62P, NSE, GFAP, chromogranin-A, PGP9.5, but IHC showed the possible existence of (neuro)endocrine cells in tubal interstitium. We call them 'JF cells'. In conclusion, the identification of t-ICC might open the door for understanding some tubal functions, e.g. pace-making/peristaltism, secretion (auto-, juxta- and/or paracrine), regulation of neurotransmission (nitrergic/purinergic) and intercellular signaling, via the very long processes. Furthermore, t-ICC might even be uncommitted bipotential progenitor cells.
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PMID:Novel type of interstitial cell (Cajal-like) in human fallopian tube. 1596 70

We describe a rare case of a solid variant of a mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma with basaloid features (sbACC) and its coexistence with a "small cell" carcinoma (SCC), identified and confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical observations: the absence of glandular structures and PAS-positive globules, positivity for neuroendocrine markers (NSE, synaptophysin and chromogranin), and negativity for 34betaE12 and SMA actin were the aspects suggesting the presence of SCC. Furthermore, positivity for CD10 was found both in sbACC and in SCC, supporting the hypothesis that the two components share the same histogenetic myoepithelial origin and represent an example of dedifferentiation along neuroendocrine phenotype lines occurring in a multipotential neoplastic stem line, already committed towards a myoepithelial phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a solid basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma merging with an SCC carcinoma. Furthermore, it is the first study in which CD10 was used to investigate the histogenesis of the two neoplastic components.
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PMID:Solid variant of mammary "adenoid cystic carcinoma with basaloid features" merging with "small cell carcinoma". 1632 13

An 83-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of colicky pain under the right costal arch suggesting cholecystitis. Physical examination confirmed by ultrasound scan indicated a palpable tumor in that location. Laparotomy was performed and the tumor was removed. Histopathological examination revealed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) originating in neurofibroma of the mesentery. Macroscopic, histological and cytological features were typical for MPNST. High nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromasia were observed but on average only two mitotic figures per high power field were seen. The growth fraction determined by Ki-67 immunoreactivity was about 30%. Immunohistochemical stains revealed positivity of individual cells for NK-1(CD57), S-100 protein and NSE. It was lack of positivity for cytokeratin, EMA, vimentin, desmin, SMA, CD34. We report a well documented case of MPNST originating in preexisting neurofibroma of the mesentery. To our knowledge, is the first case in the Polish literature.
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PMID:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor originating in neurofibroma of the mesentery. Case report. 1633 83


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