Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q16637 (SMA)
 8,107 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen thriving low-birth-weight infants who weighed less than 1,950 gm at birth were randomly selected to study the urine solute excretion on two milk-based proprietary formulas, SMA or Formula 4. The results showed that urine oxmolality rose progressively with increasing caloric concentration and was 78, 111, and 163 mOsm/kg H2O on 67, 80, and 100 kCal/dl SMA, respectively. Formula 4 gave rise to significantly higher urine osmolality (133 mOsm/kg H2O) than SMA, when fed at the same caloric density of 67 kCal/dl. Although the dependence of urine solute excretion on dietary load was confirmed, the rapidly growing low-birth-weight infant appears to incorporate a larger portion of potential urine solute into growing tissues, than is the case in the term infant.
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PMID:Urine solute excretion in growing low-birth-weight infants. 57 77

Accumulated experience with triple contrast percutaneous nephrocystography (water-soluble contrast, iophendylate [Pantopaque], and air) in 42 patients with avascular lesions is presented. Diagnostic studies were accomplished in 40 with surgical correlation in 11. Of the 35 patients with intracystic iophendylate, progressive cyst shrinkage was observed in the 29 with adequate x-ray follow up. The reduction in cyst size was attributed to a marked reactive inflammatory proliferative response with fibrosis of the cyst wall which was found in 6 patients after introduction of iophendylate when compared with a control group of 13 others with surgically proved cysts. Intracystic iophendylate may be especially therapeutic in the nonsurgical management of renal cysts associated with pain, calyceal obstruction, and hypertension. The cyst aspirate was analyzed for appearance, culture, cytology, fat content, and multichannel chemistries (SMA). The index accuracy of these combined tests is high although instances of false positives and negatives for tumor are stressed. The nonsurgical diagnosis of renal cystic lesions is incomplete without percutaneous cyst puncture, contrast study, and analysis of cyst aspirate.
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PMID:Triple contrast percutaneous nephrocystography and analysis of cyst aspirate. 70 32

A procedure is described for the preparation of a liquid reference control suitable for use in calibration of both automated and manual chemical procedures. Pooled human serum was partially dehydrated under vacuum from the frozen state. Ethylene glycol was added to replace the water to produce a 30% solution. The stability of a liquid reference control so prepared was investigated by examining aliquots stored at room, refrigerator, and freezer temperatures for various storage times up to 568 days. Eighteen components were assayed with the Technicon Auto Analyzers SMA 6/60 and 12/60 in a tandem mode with creatinine and creatine phosphokinase channels replacing the glucose and urea nitrogen of the standard SMA 12/60. Initially specimens were examined daily, then at weekly, monthly, and longer intervals. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation were compared with those obtained on commercial lyophilized controls assayed during the same time interval. The results indicated that the ethylene glycol treatment can be used to produce a liquid reference control with stabilized enzyme activities and stable component levels.
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PMID:A stable liquid human reference serum. 126 10

SMANCS is a conjugate protein of copolymer of styrene-maleic acid [SMA] (molecular weight: 1,500) and an antitumor protein neocarzinostatin [NCS] (molecular weight: 11,700). It has an approximate molecular weight of 15,000. We report here stability of SMANCS in oil and in water, and NCS in water, under various physical conditions such as exposure to heat, UV, pH, and ultrasonic treatment. Then, we carried out an experiment of transfer of SMANCS in lipid contrast medium [lipiodol] (oil phase) to water phase (blood and physiological saline) in vitro. Results are summarized as follows: In aqueous condition, SMANCS is far more stable than NCS against the exposure to heat and UV, though it is inactivated by excessive exposures. SMANCS in an oily medium was found much more stable even at higher temperatures than in the aqueous phase. Both SMANCS and NCS are the most stable at pH 4.9-6.0. SMANCS dissolved in oil transferred to water phase slowly, having T1/10 of 24 hours (in case of lipiodol). This helps maintaining the anticancer effect of the drug in vivo for a long period of time. SMANCS in lipiodol was found to exert its action against cultured tumor cells as in an aqueous solution.
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PMID:[Stability of high molecular weight anticancer agent SMANCS and its transfer from oil-phase to water-phase. Comparative study with neocarzinostatin]. 301 59

An anticancer agent of intermediate molecular weight and having both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature was developed by utilizing the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin (NCS; Mr = 12000) as a prototype drug. The modification was achieved by reacting the two amino groups on NCS with an anhydride group of partially half-esterified (p-E-) or partially hydrolyzed (p-H-) poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) in 0.8 M NaHCO3. The SMA samples with narrow molecular weights distributions (Mw = ca. 2000) were prepared by copolymerizing styrene and maleic anhydride in cumene followed by fractionation by means of a column-elution method. The derivatives p-E- or p-H-SMA were then formed by using the appropriate monoalcohols or H2O, respectively. These SMA derivatives contain about 2 mol of anhydride residues/mol of SMA. The reaction product, SMA-conjugated NCS (designated as SMANCS), was purified by dialysis followed by gel filtration with Sephadex G-75. The complete reaction yielded essentially a single product, biantennary SMANCS. The molecular weight of the pure SMAMCS was estimated by various methods, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with NaDodSO4, HPLC in the gel permeation mode, fluorescence polarization, and a decrease in both nitrogen and protein contents. These results agree with the apparent molecular weight of about 16000. Characters of SMANCS was considerably altered from that of parental NCS: solubility characteristics in both organic and aqueous solvents were changed, the biological half-life in blood was prolonged 10 times, and antitumor activity became more pronounced, but the toxicity was reduced to one-fourth of the parental NCS. Thus, the present study has provided a method of improving biologically active substances by polymer conjugation.
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PMID:Conjugation of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) derivatives to the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin: pronounced improvements in pharmacological properties. 315 94

Milk flow characteristics of nipple units commonly used in the neonatal period were compared in the laboratory using a mechanical system. The number of simulated sucks required to empty 120 mL of formula was determined for each nipple unit. In general, the number of simulated sucks required to empty the bottle decreased when the applied negative pressure was increased from -60 to -120 cm of H2O except for SMA nipple units for premature infants. The Nuk type required less sucks (ie, higher flow) than standard nipple units. Among the Nuk-type nipple units, the SMA nipple had the highest mean flow and Enfamil Natural the lowest mean flow; among the standard nipple units, SMA single-hole had the highest flow and Ross Twist-on had the lowest flow. However, wide variability in performance was observed not only between different types of nipple units but also within the same type. Flow characteristics of nipple units for preterm infants overlapped markedly, with that for term neonates with Enfamil nipples exhibiting the highest flow. Clinical relevance of these differences in flow characteristics among the nipple units is discussed.
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PMID:Nipple units for newborn infants: a functional comparison. 335 29

We systematically studied the "carryback" effect of ethylene glycol-based controls on the preceding sample on an SMA II continuous-flow analyzer. Including Beckman Level 1 unassayed liquid control material as a sample lowered the 12 analyte values of the preceding sample by an average of 2.7%, Level 2 (the most viscous) by an average of 4.4%, and Level 3 by 3.2%. Water-reconstituted lyophilized control material caused no carryback effect, but lyophilized control reconstituted with 330 mL/L ethylene glycol decreased the preceding sample's results by 4.1% (average carryback). We believe that carryback is caused by the drag placed on the sample line by a viscous sample, which decreases the volume of the preceding sample that is delivered to the reagent or pre-dilution mixing coils. Our findings were confirmed on another SMA II. Limited study of a SMAC analyzer gave inconclusive results, but further evaluation of continuous-flow systems for carryback is warranted. Carryback substantially increases total analytical variability.
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PMID:"Carryback": effect of viscous liquid controls on the preceding sample analyzed with the SMA II continuous-flow analyzer. 405 61

The isolated small bowel from duodenojejunal junction to ileocecal junction with intact SMA and SMV was perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution intraluminally in rat. After all the branches from aorta and portal vein other than SMA and SMV were ligated, aorta and portal vein were cannulated and perfused with Krebs-Dextran solution. The isolated perfused bowel was transferred immediately to the chamber equipped with constant temperature and humidity. For the purpose of studying the direct toxicity to the bowel tissue, B4 endotoxin (Difco) was added to intravascular perfusate. Significant physiological and chemical changes listed below were observed as compared with those of the control group which was perfused with endotoxin free perfusate. Active transport of D-glucose was decreased. Net entry of water into the gut lumen was decreased. pH in intravascular fluid was significantly decreased. Lactic acid level in intravascular fluid was significantly high, which was well correlated with pH change. O2 consumption change was not marked, but CO2 accumulation in intravascular perfusate was significant. These were the results of the toxic effects of endotoxin on the rat bowel.
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PMID:[Toxic effects of endotoxin perfusion on isolated rat bowel]. 643 Dec 58

The value of performing arterial portography during reactive hyperemia was investigated in four dogs with presinusoidal cirrhosis, stable portal hypertension in excess of 20 cm of water, and extensive porto-systemic venous collaterals, and compared to tolazoline (1 mg/kg) and control studies. With SMA balloon occlusion the maximum decrease in portal flow and pressure occurred between 1 and 2 minutes. During reactive hyperemia following immediately the release of a 2-minute SMA occlusion, portal flow and pressure increased from pre-occlusion values (mean +/- 1 SE, n:4) of 15 +/- 2 ml per min per kg and 25 +/- 1 cm H2O to 32 +/- 5 ml per kg and 40 +/- 2 cm H2O. With reactive hyperemia both significant higher peak iodine concentrations in the portal blood and significant improvement in visualization of the portal system and porto-systemic venous collaterals occurred when compared to tolazoline or control angiograms. With reactive hyperemia both peak blood iodine concentrations and maximum opacification of the portal vein occur 2 to 3 and 4 to 6 seconds earlier than with tolazoline or in controls, respectively. Compared to controls, tolazoline increased peak iodine concentrations in portal vein significantly and improved visualization of the portal system and collaterals in 7 of 12 examinations. Judged from the experience in peripheral arteriography, performance of angiography during reactive hyperemia appears to be a very safe procedure. However, the use of balloon catheters carries additional risks particularly when not properly used.
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PMID:Improved arterial portography in portal hypertension during reactive mesenteric hyperemia induced by preceding 2-minute balloon occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. 707 49

Subacute inhalation experiments were conducted to determine the LC50 value for adult Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to iodoform vapor. Each dose consisted of 5 males and 5 females that were together for a 7-h exposure or sham exposure and then separated for observation over the subsequent 24-h period. The rats were deprived of food and water during actual exposure or sham exposure. Exposures were conducted in a custom-designed 75-l glass chamber. Vapor concentrations were verified in samples taken from the exposure chamber. Under the conditions of the experiments the 7-h LC50 was found to be 183 ppm. The second objective of these experiments was to determine the toxic effect of iodoform vapor on rats exposed for 7 h/d for 7 consecutive days. Three groups of 5 young adult male and 5 female rats were used. One group served as a sham control and the other groups were exposed to 1 and 14 ppm iodoform vapor. No significant differences were noted in food and water intake, urine and feces output, and intestinal transit performance in either exposed group. No remarkable changes were noted in SMA 12/60 blood values for either exposed group. The only histopathological manifestation noted was the presence of mineralized deposits in the medullary renal tubules of some of the rats from the 14-ppm group.
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PMID:Subacute inhalation toxicity testing with iodoform vapor. 732 15


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