Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q16637 (SMA)
 8,107 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the use of immobilized enzymes in assay methods for the determination of glucose with glucose oxidase, uric acid with uricase, and urea with urease in serum samples. The enzyme reactor tubes were adapted to continuous-flow analyzers (Technicon AA II, SMA 12/60, and SMAC) used in routine laboratory determinations, and results with their use were compared to those from assays involving soluble enzymes. We substituted the reactors for the free enzyme reagents in the respective channels of the SMA 12/60 and SMAC, without modifying the parameters of the remaining channels. We compared assay sensitivity, precision, and carryover for immobilized and conventional liquid enzymes. Immobilized enzyme reactors provide accurate, reliable, convenient, and economical alternatives to the use of free enzyme reagents in these systems.
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PMID:The use of immobilized enzyme reactors in continuous-flow analyzers for the determination of glucose, urea, and uric acid. 47 24

A study of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged twin men provided an opportunity to test for genetic variability in the SMA 12/60 (Technicon) battery of clinical chemistry tests. Classical twin methodology was used to analyze the variation of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In addition, frequency of co-twin contact was used to control for effects of differences in shared environment. Genetic variability played a definite role in controlling four of the 11 reported tests: one-hour serum glucose, serum urea nitrogen, uric acid, and bilirubin. No genetic variation was found for lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. Significantly higher means for calcium, total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase in monozygotic twins precluded any statement about heredity and environment for these tests.
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PMID:Genetic variability of clinical chemical values. 55 78

In connection with the determination of method adapted control limits for the Technicon Autoanalyzer SMA 12/60 (Na+, K+, C1-, Total Protein, Albumin, P, Cholesterol, Urea Nitrogen, Calcium, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Uric Acid) we have investigated the representation of the control variable error distributions by mathematical formulae. The application of orthogonal functions (Gram-Charlier's series type A) proved to be not practicable because of the oscillations occuring at the ends of the distributions. Considerably improved results were obtained by a modified expression of a Gram-Charlier's series of type C, although the tails of the distributions (which are particularly important for the calculation of the fractiles) could not be optimally approximated. However, a very satisfactory approximation of the empirical density functions was obtained when we interpreted the control variables as non-additive superposition of two or three normally distributed quantities with different variances. This enables us to calculate channel specific alarm and control limits, thereby replacing the conventional quality control parameters previously checked and based on the assumption of normal distributions. Thus, an adequate monitoring of the reliability of flow-systems can be achieved.
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PMID:[Mathematical analysis of the error distributions in flow-systems and consequences for the determination of new method-specific control limits (author's transl)]. 60 22

We evaluated a new multiple-channel chemistry analyzer, the Beckman "Astra-8," which is controlled by a microprocessor with 52K bytes of memory. The instrument we tested performed the following tests: Na, K, CO2, chloride, urea nitrogen, glucose, and creatinine. We compared the Astra-8 to a continuous-flow (SMA 6/60) and a discrete (Du Pont aca, urea nitrogen only) analyzer. The Astra-8 demonstrated excellent precision, linearity, accuracy, analytical recovery, lack of interference, ease of operation, and satisfactory comparison to values obtained by the comparison methods.
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PMID:Evaluation of a new multichannel analyzer, "Astra-8". 71 58

It has been suggested that glycogen depletion followed by a protein-fat diet and a carbohydrate-rich diet improves performance. This study was designed to determine the nutritional and metabolic effects of a carbohydrate-rich diet in a glycogen supercompensation training regimen. Four male subjects participated in a 5-week protocol of which the first 3 weeks were devoted to a control period and the last 2 weeks to the experimental phase of the study. The variables measured before, during, and following the experimental phase included anthropometric and basal metabolic rate measurements, urinary and serum analysis for vitamins, SMA 12/60 blood profile and aerobic performance (VO2max). Results indicated an appreciable modification of the metabolic and nutritional profile of the subjects as a result of the diets. During the protein-fat diet there was a decrease in serum glucose and resting respiratory quotient and an increase in cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, riboflavin, and N1-methylnicotinamide excretion. Subsequent to the carbohydrate-rich diet there was an increase in triglycerides and vitamin C, riboflavin, and thiamin excretion while there was a decrease in serum blood urea nitrogen, and N1-methylnicotinamide excretion. Aerobic performance was slightly decreased and the mean postexercise lactate levels were slightly higher after the carbohydrate-rich diet. It was hypothesized that the reduced niacin intake during the carohydrate-rich diet may hamper the aerobic oxidative pathways.
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PMID:The nutritional and metabolic effects of a carbohydrate-rich diet in a glycogen supercompensation training regimen. 72 61

To provide a data base for the establishment of a method to detect potentially incorrect SMA 6 test results, we analyzed 2970 pairs of SMA 6 results. For each test result, as well as for the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio and the anion gap, we estimated to probability density function of the amount of change since the most recent test of the same type. We made separate estimates for each of three ranges of the current test result and two ranges of time-spacing between the tests. Tables of nonparametric estimates of selected points from each of the six distributions for each test result and calculated quantity were developed. These tables could be used to identify unlikely test results, either manually or with a laboratory computer.
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PMID:Delta check tables for the Technicon SMA 6 continuous-flow analyzer. 85 74

We evaluated the effect of sodium iodoacetate on glycolysis in a series of randomly selected blood samples from patients. Glucose values for serum and for serum with added sodium fluoride (2.5 g/liter) or sodium iodoacetate (2 g and 0.5 g/liter) were compared at room temperature. Respective declines in glucose values averaged 170, 40, 30, and 30 mg/liter after 24 h. Iodoacetate-preserved (0.5 g/liter) samples showed no visible hemolysis. Results of determinations of urea with urease and of other tests on SMA 12/60 (Technicon) panels were unaffected.
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PMID:Sodium iodoacetate as an antiglycolytic agent in blood samples. 118 4

Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) activity may be decreased or even absent in patients with uremia. We correlated urea concentration with SGOT activity by the automated Rush (AutoAnalyzer, Techicon Instruments Corp., Tarrytown, New York) method (SGOT, SMA) and by the Henry-Karmen kinetic assay (SGOT, K). Extremely low SGOT (SMA) activity (less than 10 IU) was found in 6% of 5030 consecutive samples, and 71% of them occurred in patients with azotemia. SGOT activity was inversely proportional to urea concentration. A similar but less obvious pattern was observed with the SGOT (K) assay. SGOT activity increased significantly after hemodialysis in a group of 16 patients studied by both methods. It was not inhibited either by urea or uremic serum added in vitro. The explanation for this phenomenon is not known.
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PMID:Observations on decreased serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) activity in azotemic patients. 125 62

A procedure is described for the preparation of a liquid reference control suitable for use in calibration of both automated and manual chemical procedures. Pooled human serum was partially dehydrated under vacuum from the frozen state. Ethylene glycol was added to replace the water to produce a 30% solution. The stability of a liquid reference control so prepared was investigated by examining aliquots stored at room, refrigerator, and freezer temperatures for various storage times up to 568 days. Eighteen components were assayed with the Technicon Auto Analyzers SMA 6/60 and 12/60 in a tandem mode with creatinine and creatine phosphokinase channels replacing the glucose and urea nitrogen of the standard SMA 12/60. Initially specimens were examined daily, then at weekly, monthly, and longer intervals. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation were compared with those obtained on commercial lyophilized controls assayed during the same time interval. The results indicated that the ethylene glycol treatment can be used to produce a liquid reference control with stabilized enzyme activities and stable component levels.
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PMID:A stable liquid human reference serum. 126 10

The types of laboratory tests recommended by pharmacists in a 185-bed skilled-nursing facility, the rate of physician acceptance of the recommendations, the reasons for and costs of the tests, and the outcomes of the tests were determined. Patients for whom laboratory tests had been recommended by a pharmacist from 1982 to 1987 were identified; this information had been taken from patients' charts during routine review by a pharmacist and entered into a computer database. The following information was recorded: type of laboratory test recommended, physician response to the recommendation, cost of the test, and outcome of the test. The investigator determined reasons for the recommendations by using the Department of Health and Human Services list of apparent irregularities that, if present, could indicate problems with drug therapy. During the study period, pharmacists requested 99 tests for 63 patients; physicians ordered 87 (87.9%) of those tests. Tests done most frequently were the SMA-6 (serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and carbon dioxide), serum concentrations of various drugs, and anticoagulation studies. The reasons given most frequently for requesting the tests were routine monitoring, the most recent results being more than six months old, suspected drug toxicity or drug-drug interactions, and the need for information to determine whether drug therapy should continue. Results of 36 of the tests prompted a change in drug therapy, whereas 56 tests indicated that the current therapy was appropriate and safe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Laboratory tests recommended by pharmacists in a skilled-nursing facility. 272 4


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