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Query: UNIPROT:Q16637 (SMA)
 8,107 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Differences in alkaline phosphatase activity of some commerical control sera were observed when comparing manual with AutoAnalyzer versions of the Kind and King procedure. This phenomenon was found to be associated with sera boosted with exogenous alkaline phosphatase and to be owing mainly to inadequate provision of buffer in some automated methods. It is suggested that a modification to the SMA procedure may lessen the problem, but the constraints of the system necessitate a compromise. There was better precision after the modification had been introduced. Awareness of this phenomenon is of paramount importance if commerical sera are to be used in any way in the calibration of automated systems for alkaline phosphatase assay.
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PMID:Anomalous behaviour of control sera in automated versions of the Kind and King alkaline phosphatase method. 2 68

Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT, EC. 2.3.2.2. was measured in 173 patients with diseases of the hepatobiliary system (including metastatic cancer) and in 90 patients who were subsequently shown to have primary diseases of other etiology. All patients had been selected because they had abnormal alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase or bilirubin on SMA 12/60 screening. Serum GGT was elevated in 97% of patients with primary hepatobiliary disease. The magnitude of the increase in GGT was variable in all groups and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, even between medical and surgical cases. Moreover, GGT was abnormal in 69 patients who did not have primary hepatobiliary disease (77%), an incidence higher than that for other enzyme tests performed. We conclude that because GGT was more susceptible than other tests to spurious elevation in the absence of hepatobiliary disease and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, it has little value apart from monitoring alcohol abuse and enzyme induction.
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PMID:Lack of value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. 3 86

A 72-year-old black woman presented with huge enlargement of the right breast beginning approximately 30 years earlier and progressively enlarging over the years. The breast was stony hard, painless, and inconvenient only because of size and weight. Simple mastectomy was done and pathologic examination showed a benign mixed tumor with large areas of pseudocartilage, osteoid, and bone formation. Preoperatively the serum calcium was 11.0 mg/100 ml and alkaline phosphatase, 550 mU/ml (SMA-12). Postoperative course was uneventful and within several weeks the alkaline phosphatase fell to a normal range (35-115 mU/ml). The case presented requires little comment other than its unusual nature and duration. Extensive bone formation was undoubtedly responsible for the elevated alkaline phosphatase and, as expected, it returned to normal limits following excision of the tumor. Simple mastectomy is considered the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Mixed tumor of female breast of unusual duration and size. 16 43

We used the previously described [Clin. Chem. 19, 1114 (1973)] and evaluated [Clin. Chem. 19, 1122 (1973)] computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing to select and perform tests of hepatic status, to aid the clinician in the diagnosis of liver disease. Results for total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase obtained from the continuous-flow analysis (SMA 12/60) admission screen were used by the instrument system to determine selectively the values for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total and direct bilirubin. Kit methods for the latter four tests were evaluated on the system; results were similar to manual procedures. A software, enzymatic ratemeter was found to be better than the previously described hardware ratemeter. The follow-up tests of serum prescribed by the system are compared to clinician-prescribed follow-up tests and discharge diagnoses. In 10 of 19 cases, the system and clinician ordered similar follow-up tests; in three cases follow-up differed, and in six cases, the system ordered follow-up tests and the clinician ordered none.
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PMID:Computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing III. Application to liver assessment. 34 61

A study of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged twin men provided an opportunity to test for genetic variability in the SMA 12/60 (Technicon) battery of clinical chemistry tests. Classical twin methodology was used to analyze the variation of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In addition, frequency of co-twin contact was used to control for effects of differences in shared environment. Genetic variability played a definite role in controlling four of the 11 reported tests: one-hour serum glucose, serum urea nitrogen, uric acid, and bilirubin. No genetic variation was found for lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. Significantly higher means for calcium, total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase in monozygotic twins precluded any statement about heredity and environment for these tests.
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PMID:Genetic variability of clinical chemical values. 55 78

The purpose of this study was to determine the value of calcium pidolate in the treatment of involutional osteoporosis. This compound has been reported to be better absorbed than other calcium salts, to lower the levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and to raise those of growth hormone (GH). We accordingly treated one group of 10 women suffering from involutional osteoporosis with the equivalent of 1 g elemental calcium and administered a placebo to a second group of 10 osteoporotic women whose mean age and body surface area were comparable. Basal sequential multiple analysis (SMA-12) was performed in all subjects to determine calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein levels, the same blood samples being used for the evaluation of mean PTH, GH and osteocalcin (BGP). Urinary 24-h calcium excretion was determined and the calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and hydroxyproline/Cr (HP/Cr) ratios were measured in 12-h fasting urine samples, the results being corrected for glomerular filtrate. The same parameters were measured again following a month of uninterrupted treatment. After 30 days, we observed no differences in either group as regards calcaemia, phosphataemia, ALP, total proteins, PTH, GH, BGP or 24-hour calciuria. The only noteworthy changes seen were significant decreases (P less than 0.001) in the Ca/Cr and HP/Cr ratios in the group treated with calcium pidolate. These results show that calcium pidolate at the dose administered inhibits bone resorption but does not affect the levels of PTH, GH, BGP or ALP in the medium term. Our findings indicate that it has no influence on bone formation.
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PMID:Effect of calcium pidolate on biochemical and hormonal parameters in involutional osteoporosis. 225 62

In the serum of 33 healthy donors to whom 72 cytophereses (31 thrombo-, 25 leuko- and 16 leukothrombocytophereses) were performed by a cell separator "Haemonetix 30" the following indices were followed up by SMA before and after the cytophereses: total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine: total and conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Several of the donors were followed up dynamically. Immediately following the cytopheresis a transitory decrease of total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphorus and cholesterol was found. At the following cytopheresis of the same donor (the time interval between two cytophereses varied from 72 hours up to several months) the levels of the total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and cholesterol had reached their normal values. The glucose level increased transitory though in the reference ranges.
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PMID:[Changes in the serum biochemical indicators in healthy blood donors during cytapheresis]. 320 10

Growth, 96-hour balance of nutrients (nitrogen, fat, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium), metabolizable energy, and serum biochemical markers of mineral status (Ca and P concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity) were measured in 22 very low birth weight infants to investigate the bioavailability of minerals from specialized formula and from human milk fortifiers. The intakes of Ca and P were similar between group FORM ("Preemie" SMA) and group CMF (1:1 wt/wt, human milk and Similac Natural Care or Similac Special Care). The intakes of nitrogen, energy, fat, and magnesium differed between groups. Group CMF had significantly greater fecal losses and significantly lower absorption and retention of Ca and P in comparison with those of group FORM. Retention of Ca and P in both groups, however, was greater than 25% below intrauterine estimates of accretion. Retention rates of Ca, P, and magnesium were not correlated with their respective intakes. Weight gain during the balance study and during the entire study interval was significantly less in group CMF. The ratio of Ca retention to either weight gained or nitrogen retained was lower in group CMF, which suggested that the low retention of Ca was related less to the slower rate of growth in these infants than to their greater fecal losses of Ca. Although the cause of the greater fecal losses of Ca and P in this group is unclear, the data suggest an insolubility of the mineral sources. Our results indicate that sole reliance on the absolute mineral concentrations of the milk selected for very low birth weight infants may be unrealistic; the bioavailability of Ca and P from particular mineral sources should be evaluated.
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PMID:Bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus in human milk fortifiers and formula for very low birth weight infants. 338 39

Metabolic tolerance to a 'premature formula' feed was studied in a group of small immature infants, mean (SD) gestation 27.8 (1.4) weeks. Ten infants weighing 880-1295 g at the time of the study were fed on SMA low birthweight formula for a mean (SD) of 23.5 (5.5) days and were compared with 10 who were fed on expressed breast milk for 25.8 (6.1) days. The infants were well matched for weight, gestation, and postnatal age at the time of the study and were receiving full enteral feeds. They were investigated by balance techniques and plasma sampling on at least two occasions. Ten larger infants weighing 1330-1740 g and being fed on the same formula feed were also studied as an additional control group. Formula fed infants retained more nitrogen and gained weight faster. Plasma phosphorus concentrations were higher in the group fed on the formula feed, and alkaline phosphatase activity was lower. There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of urea, electrolytes, or albumin or in acid base status. Taurine and arginine concentrations were higher in the group being breast fed, but there were no other significant differences in plasma amino acids, and no toxic concentrations occurred after either feed. The results of this study show that this formula (and presumably other feeds of similar composition) seem to be metabolically safe for the smallest infants.
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PMID:Human milk and preterm formula compared for effects on growth and metabolism. 367 46

Seventy-four infants weighing less than 1500 gm at birth were fed enterally from birth until day 47. Group A (18 infants) were given SMA Gold Cap: group B (18 infants), supplementary calcium to 21 mmol/L (84 mg/dl); group C (16 infants), further calcium supplementation to 31.2 mmol/L (125 mg/dl); and group D (22 infants), milk with calcium content 31.2 mmol/L (125 mg/dl) and phosphorus supplementation to 15.7 mmol/L (49 mg/dl). The addition of calcium reduced the radiologic evidence of rickets, and combined calcium and phosphorus supplementation maintained plasma alkaline phosphatase activity within the normal range for 6 weeks.
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PMID:Rickets of prematurity: calcium and phosphorus supplementation. 396 17


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