Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q07644 (polypeptide)
 72,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mucosal concentrations of seven regulatory peptides and the density properties and integrity of their storage granules have been studied in mucosal biopsies from the human jejunum in eight gastrointestinal disease states and compared with normal controls. In diseases with associated mucosal inflammation (coeliac disease, Crohn's disease with jejunal involvement, postinfective tropical malabsorption, and common variable immunodeficiency) there was a selective increase in fragility of the gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and somatostatin storage granules. The gastrin, motilin, enteroglucagon, secretin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide granules had normal properties in these conditions. In diseases in which diarrhoea occurred in the absence of changes in jejunal mucosal histology (irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatic insufficiency, jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity, and purgative abuse) there were no abnormalities of the storage granules. Increased mucosal concentrations of all peptides except vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were found in coeliac disease and selective increases of VIP found in Crohn's disease, motilin in the irritable bowel syndrome and gastrin and GIP in pancreatic insufficiency. It is suggested that the storage granule abnormalities in the diseases with abnormal mucosal histology are secondary to the inflammatory changes.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal regulatory peptide storage granule abnormalities in jejunal mucosal diseases. 614 62

The intestinal carcinoid tumors of 26 patients were stained for the presence of serotonin, gastrin, somatostatin, motilin, secretin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, ACTH, and neurotensin. Argentaffin and argyrophil stains were also performed in all cases. Thirty-five separate tumors (counting metastases and multiple primaries) from the 26 patients were studied. Serotonin was present in 30 of the 35 tumors. Nineteen tumors contained serotonin only. Fourteen tumors contained multiple neuroendocrine products. One tumor contained gastrin only. One tumor did not stain immunohistochemically, but was argyrophilic. Metastatic deposits were studied in nine patients. Some metastases produced the identical neuroendocrine products as the primary tumor, whereas others produced either additional or fewer hormones than the primary tumor. Moreover, different metastases from the same primary tumor were observed to produce different hormones. Argyrophilic cells were present in all cases and were much more numerous than cells staining by immunohistochemistry. Argyrophilic cells probably contain monoamines and polypeptide hormones in addition to those studied in this series. The argyrophil stain was the best general stain in this study for the demonstration of neuroendocrine cells. Argentaffin staining was negative in ten cases that were serotonin positive and two argentaffin positive cases were serotonin negative. The carcinoid syndrome, as clinically defined by the presence of flushing and diarrhea, was noted in five patients, all of whom had serotonin-containing small bowel carcinoids. Endocrine-related symptoms were not clinically appreciated in the remaining patients.
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PMID:The neuroendocrine products of intestinal carcinoids. An immunoperoxidase study of 35 carcinoid tumors stained for serotonin and eight polypeptide hormones. 618 28

Human rotaviruses, which are placed into two groups according to their ribonucleic acid patterns obtained by gel electrophoresis, were characterized both by polypeptide components from purified virions and by polypeptides translated from their denatured ribonucleic acids in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Viruses assigned to different groups differed in the electrophoretic migration of the second largest of the polypeptides which compose the inner shell; polypeptides that had been synthetized in vitro from ribonucleic acid from each group showed this same difference, thus indicating that this is due to the genomic composition. This study suggests that there are differences in the third largest polypeptide of the inner shell and also in the three smaller polypeptides composing the outer shell. We also demonstrated that there are differences in genomic and polypeptide compositions between simian (SA11) and calf (Nebraska calf diarrhea virus) rotaviruses grown in tissue culture and human rotaviruses.
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PMID:Different polypeptide composition of two human rotavirus types. 624 84

Diarrhea in a patient with pancreatic cholera syndrome caused by a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide producing pancreatic islet-cell carcinoma responded rapidly and dramatically to the phenothiazine trifluoperazine. Treatment with intravenous somatostatin decreased the plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level without changing the diarrhea. The chemotherapeutic agent chlorozotocin, the 2-chloroethyl analogue of streptozocin, caused a decrease in plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide but caused significant renal toxicity with proteinuria.
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PMID:Trifluoperazine reversal of secretory diarrhea in pancreatic cholera. 625 Apr 37

A case of WDHA syndrome accompanied by a pancreatic tumor in a 44-year-old Japanese male is presented, the 6th case in Japan. Clinically, the patient suffered from unremitting watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria with marked anemia and jaundice. The patient died of emaciation, dehydration and bronchopenumonia, and an autopsy was performed. Autopsy examination revealed a hen's egg-sized tumor in the tail of the pancreas with metastases in liver, lungs and lymph nodes. In addition, bronchopneumonia and diabetic nephrosclerosis were present. Histologically, the tumor had the characteristics of an islet cell tumor, and histochemically the tumor cells were positive to Grimelius' stain which revealed non-B-islet cell features. Electron-microscopically, the tumor cells had electron dense round membrane-bounded granules resembling non-B-granules of pancreatic islet cells. With the immunoperoxidase procedure (PAP method), tumor cells nearly almost reacted to anti-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) serum, which suggested that the tumor of the present case had the capability to produce VIP.
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PMID:Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria syndrome. Morphological and immunohistological study. 625 96

The concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in plasma was measured in 22 children with neural crest tumours (NCT) during a 5-year period; the mean concentration of VIP in plasma was 22.5 pmol/l (interval 2.0-95.0 pmol/l). To establish a reference interval the plasma concentration of VIP was measured in 41 children without tumours; the mean concentration of VIP in plasma was 6.2 pmol/l (interval 0.5-19.0 pmol/l). Of the 22 children with NCT 16 had a plasma concentration of VIP within the normal range while 6 children (27%) had elevated plasma concentration of VIP between 28 and 95 pmol/l. Only one child, whose plasma concentration of VIP was 95 pmol/l had diarrhoea. Elevated plasma concentration of VIP in children with NCT but no diarrhoea has not previously been described. The urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) was increased in 18 of the children with NCT (82%). In 2 of the children with normal excretion of VMA the concentration of VIP in plasma was elevated. Thus, the plasma concentration of VIP may be a supplement to VMA as a tumour marker in some cases of NCT.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in children with neural crest tumours. 629 59

To investigate the pathogenesis of diarrhea in ulcerative colitis, colonic adenylate cyclase activity was determined in patients and normal subjects. Basal adenylate cyclase activity in 19 patients with active disease [61.5 +/- 9.6 (mean +/- SE) pmol cyclic adenosine monophosphate/mg protein . 10 min] was two times higher (p less than 0.01) than its activity in colonic mucosa of 30 normal subjects or 10 ulcerative colitis patients in remission [31.4 +/- 2.0 and 23.6 +/- 1.9 pmol cyclic adenosine monophosphate/mg protein . 10 min, respectively]. The enzyme activity was stimulated to the same extent in all groups by sodium fluoride, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, or by substitution in the assay mixture of guanosine triphosphate by its hydrolysis-resistant analogue--GTP gamma S. Prostaglandin E2 significantly stimulated the enzyme activity in tissue obtained from normal subjects, patients with shigellosis, and ulcerative colitis patients in remission while it had no effect on adenylate cyclase activity in colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis. These results suggest that stimulation of colonic adenylate cyclase activity, possibly secondary to the reported enhanced colonic prostanoid synthesis, may contribute to the diarrhea in ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Increased colonic adenylate cyclase activity in active ulcerative colitis. 630 87

We attempted to reproduce the diarrhea of pancreatic cholera syndrome with prolonged (10-hour) administration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in five healthy nonfasting subjects. The polypeptide was given as a continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 400 pmol per kilogram of body weight per hour. By two hours the plasma VIP concentration had risen from a normal basal value of 15.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 129 +/- 40 pmol per liter--within the range found in patients with pancreatic cholera syndrome. In each subject profuse watery diarrhea developed within 4.3 +/- 0.8 hours (range, 2.0 to 6.3), and the mean stool weight at 10 hours was 2441 +/- 600 g (normal 24-hour stool weight, less than 200 to 250 g). The results of stool analysis were consistent with secretory diarrhea. Between the first and last stool, there were significant increases in fecal sodium and bicarbonate concentrations and in pH. The large fecal bicarbonate loss induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, which is characteristic in patients with pancreatic cholera syndrome. Our study suggests that VIP is not merely a marker of pancreatic cholera, but is the mediator of watery diarrhea in this syndrome.
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PMID:Production of secretory diarrhea by intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. 631 36

The diagnosis of vasoactive intestinal poly-peptide-secreting tumor (VIPoma) was established in two boys on the basis of watery diarrhea with hypokalemia, elevated plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (range of 55-94 pmol/L), and presence of a tumor of the left adrenal gland. Despite celiac angiography, VIP estimation in blood samples taken from different parts of the body, and exploratory laparotomy, localization of the tumor in one child in vivo was unsuccessful. In the other boy, computed tomography revealed a large tumor in the left adrenal gland. Following the removal of the tumor, diarrhea ceased, and 10 days after surgery, the plasma level of VIP was 5 pmol/L. Histologically, the tumors in the two boys were found to be ganglioneuromas. The diagnosis of VIPoma is simple but localization can be very difficult. Surgical removal of VIPoma is often rewarding.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhea due to VIPoma in two children. 631 55

The gut hormone response to a breakfast meal was studied in 12 subjects hospitalised for an episode of acute diarrhoea (presumed infective) who were otherwise well and in 13 healthy control subjects. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were low but basal insulin concentrations were raised. Basal concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and both basal and postprandial responses of motilin, enteroglucagon, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were also significantly greater than controls. No abnormalities in plasma concentrations of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) or pancreatic glucagon were found. The suggested physiological actions of the raised hormones may be relevant to the pathophysiology of diarrhoea.
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PMID:Gut hormones in acute diarrhoea. 634 84


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