Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q07644 (polypeptide)
 72,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma or tissue from thirty-five patients with watery diarrhoea, and in plasma of twenty-five normal controls. Plasma levels were between 0.6 and 11.0 ng/ml in thirty-one of the thirty-three patients in whom it was measured and too low to measure (less than 200 pg/ml) in the other two. Peptide levels were less than 200 pg/ml in twenty-three of the controls, but higher in the remaining two. All tissues from patients were "rich" in VIP (10 ng to 35 microgram per g). The aetiologic diagnoses included pancreatic islet-cell adenoma or adenocarcinoma, islet-cell hyperplasia, bronchogenic carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and retroperitoneal histiocytoma. The findings support the conclusions that: (1) VIP is a likely mediator of the water-diarrhoea syndrome; (2) the syndrome may result from a variety of tumours; (3) this or a related peptide hormone may be secreted by these tumours; and (4) these tumours may have a common embryonic origin.
 ...
PMID:Evidence for secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide by tumours of pancreas, adrenal medulla, thyroid and lung: support for the unifying APUD concept. 2 33

Rotaviruses are now regarded as important causes of diarrhoea in man, cattle, pigs, mice, and possibly other animals. Characteristically, disease occurs in newborn and young animals, and infection seems limited to the differentiated gut epithelial cells. The major surface polypeptide of the calf scours rotavirus is glycosylated, and highly purified beta-galactosidase (lactase) interacts with the virus in vitro causing removal of the outer shell of the capsid (uncoating). It is suggested that lactase present in the brush border of the intestinal epithelial cell performs a similar function in vivo by acting as a combined receptor and uncoating enzyme for the rotavirus. This hypothesis is consistent with the observations that rotaviruses seem to infect only gut epithelial cells, and that infant animals, whose lactase concentrations are generally higher than those of adult animals, seem more susceptible to rotavirus infections. Implications of the hypothesis include possible new approaches to laboratory cultivation of rotaviruses, which should be more successful in cells selected for surface lactase activity, and the suggestion that the epidemiology of human rotavirus infections may be influenced by the fact that different ethnic groups have different lactase levels (and hence lactose intolerance) in adulthood.
 ...
PMID:Is lactase the receptor and uncoating enzyme for infantile enteritis (rota) viruses? 5 21

Three different bile acids--deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid--were tested for their capacity to stimulate the adenylate cyclase in human colonic mucosa. This enzyme system was found to be sensitive towards vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and prostaglandin E2. These three bile acids were ineffective in activating the human cyclase system over a wide concentration range tested. Concentrations above 1 X 10(-5) mmol/l induced a dose-dependent inhibition of basal enzyme activity. These results suggest that bile-acid induced diarrhoea is not associated with activation of the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase system at least in man.
 ...
PMID:Human colonic adenylate cyclase: effects of bile acids. 10 25

A 40-year-old man with the Verner-Morrison syndrome (refractory watery diarrhoea and hypokalaemia in islet-cell tumour of the pancreas) had an islet-cell carcinoma of the non-B-cell type with metastases to liver and mesenteric lymph nodes. High concentrations of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were demonstrated in tumour tissue and plasma by radioimmunological tests. After surgical removal of the tumour the plasma VIP concentration fell to normal. Immunohistochemical tests of the tumour for gastrointestinal hormones demonstrated marked fluorescence only for vaso-active intestinal polypeptide. It is assumed that this polypeptide is largely responsible for the clinical signs. In the described case the severe watery diarrhoea ceased after glucocorticoid administration.
 ...
PMID:[The vaso-active intestinal polypeptide in Verner-Morrison syndrome]. 16 27

The actions of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide make it a potential candidate for mediating certain manifestations of the watery-diarrhea syndrome. Peptide levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 25 controls and 30 patients with chronic watery diarrhea. Plasma levels were too low to measure (smaller 200 pg per milliliter) in 22 of the controls, averaging 79 plus or minus 64 pg per milliliter (S.D.). Levels were elevated in 26 of 28 plasma samples (5.1 plus or minus 2.5 ng per milliliter), and in each of 13 tissue extracts (5.1 plus or minus 10.9 mug per gram); in all, 28 patients had elevated levels in plasma or tissue or both. Thirteen patients had pancreatic islet-cell adenoma, four islet-cell hyperplasia, five bronchogenic carcinoma, and one each pheochromocytoma and ganglioneuroblastoma. The findings indicate that the peptide is a probable mediator of the watery-diarrhea syndrome, that the syndrome may result from a variety of non-pancreatic tumors, and that this or a related peptide may also be secreted by these tumors.
 ...
PMID:Elevated plasma and tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the watery-diarrhea syndrome due to pancreatic, bronchogenic and other tumors. 16 13

A patient with severe watery diarrhea and a non-beta islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas producing five hormones (secretin, serotonin, enteroglucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and pancreatic glucagon) is described. We have demonstrated massive pancreatic hypersecretion to be a major factor in this patient's diarrhea. Possible inter-relationships of the actions of five hormones present in excess in the patient are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Watery diarrhea associated with pancreatic islet cell carcinoma. 16 18

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of purified preparations of human and calf diarrhea viruses indicated eight polypeptide components, or possibly nine in the case of the calf diarrhea virus. Thermal denaturation and analytical studies of the calf diarrhea virus genome showed it to consist of 11 double-stranded segments of RNA. The placing of the human and calf diarrhea viruses together with other similar viruses into a genus separate from reovirus and orbivirus, but within the family Reoviridae, is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical and biophysical characteristics of diarrhea viruses of human and calf origin. 17 50

The influence of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin (choleragen) on the response of adenylate cyclase to hormones and GTP, and on the binding of 125I-labeled glucagon to membranes, has been examined primarily in rat adipocytes, but also in guinea pig ileal mucosa and rat liver. Incubation of fat cells with choleragen converts adenylate cyclase to a GTP-responsive state; (-)-isoproterenol has a similar effect when added directly to membranes. Choleragen also increases by two- to fivefold the apparent affinity of (-)-isoproterenol, ACTH, glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide for the activation of adenylate cyclase. This effect on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide action is also seen with the enzyme of guinea pig ileal mucosa; the toxin-induced sensitivity to VIP may be relevant in the pathogenesis of cholera diarrhea. The apparent affinity of binding of 125I-labeled glucagon is increased about 1.5- to twofold in choleragen-treated liver and fat cell membranes. The effects of choleragen on the response of adenylate cyclase to hormones are independent of protein synthesis, and they are not simply a consequence to protracted stimulation of the enzyme in vivo or during preparation of the membranes. Activation of cyclase in rat erythrocytes by choleragen is not impaired by agents which disrupt microtubules or microfilaments, and it is still observed in cultured fibroblasts after completely suppressing protein synthesis with diphtheria toxin. Choleragen does not interact directly with hormone receptor sites. Simple occupation of the choleragen binding sites with the analog, choleragenoid, does not lead to any of the biological effects of the toxin.
 ...
PMID:Mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase by Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. Relations to the mode of activation by hormones. 17 36

The Verner-Morrison Syndrome is a clinically defined entity caused by an islet cell tumor of the pancreas. More than 60 cases have been described so long. The syndrome is characterized by diarrhea, hypokalemia and hypochlorhydria. In addition to a diabetic disposition, raised calcium levels and skin alterations may be present. The diagnosis is a clinical one. A pancreatic tumor should be searched for and removed. Morphologically a benign and a maligne islet cell tumor or a diffuse hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans can be found. Until now identification of the tumor cells has not been possible. There seems no doubt that the tumor cells produce a peptide hormone. Secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and combinations of hormones are discussed. The results are contradictory. Theories concerning the formal and causal pathogenesis are only incomplete and unproved up to now.
 ...
PMID:[The Verner-Morrison syndrome. The clinical picture and pathologic anatomy]. 17 9

A 59-year-old man had explosive watery diarrhoea, tendency towards collapse, flushes and aphonia. Pre-operative serum concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were up to 1030 ng/l, those of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) up to 2675 ng/l, as measured by radioimmunoassay. Cross-reaction by antisera used in the radioimmunoassay were excluded. Pancreatic tumour was diagnosed by ultrasound and by elective coeliac arteriography. After excision the abnormal fidings disappeared as did the symptoms. Biological half-life of plasma-VIP (determined during removal of the tumour from plasma samples by radioimmunoassay) was about 45 minutes. The tumour produced both VIP and GIP.
 ...
PMID:[VIP and GIP-producing pancreatic tumour: relationship to the Verner-Morrison syndrome]. 17 72


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>