Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q07644 (polypeptide)
 72,197 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neocarzinostatin (NCZ), an acidic polypeptide antibiotic, was given to 47 patients with cancer and leukemia, and tolerance to two schedules, a single dose given as a 2 hour infusion and a continuous infusion over 5 days was investigated. Immediate reactions, including fever, chills, rigor, hypertension and mental confusion, were dose-limiting for the 2 hour infusion schedule, occurring at 3000 U/m2 and higher. Continuous administration for 5 days eliminated the immediate reactions and then hematological toxicity--often prolonged leukopenia and thrombocytopenia--became dose-limiting. Other toxicities of NCZ at both dose schedules included anemia, fever and chills, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, hepatic dysfunction, azotemia, hypophosphatemia, aminoaciduria, stomatitis, phlebitis and/or cellulitis at the venous infusion site and pruritus. Patients with solid tumors who had received little or no prior chemotherapy and had good bone marrow reserve tolerated up to 6000 U/m2/24 hours X 5 days. One patient with previously treated acute myelocytic leukemia was induced into a good partial remission lasting 10 weeks.
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PMID:Phase I study with neocarzinostatin: tolerance to two hour infusion and continuous infusion. 15 43

To ascertain anorexigenic effect of toxohormone-L, a polypeptide extracted and purified from ascites of patients with hepatoma were infused into the rat third cerebroventricle. Food intake decreased on the first day after infusion of an optimum dose of 10.0 micrograms (p less than 0.05). The suppressive effect on feeding was linearly dose dependent (p less than 0.05). Meal size and latency to the first meal decreased in the 12-h dark period, and the first and the second 4-h cumulative blocks after infusion of a 10.0 micrograms dose (p less than 0.01 for each). The suppressive effects on total food intake and meal size were completely recovered within 24 h after infusion. Neither postprandial intermeal interval nor eating speed was affected. Periprandial drinking, a ratio of water intake to food intake, was not affected after infusion of 5.0 and 10.0 micrograms toxohormone-L. Infusion of a 10.0 micrograms dose showed no effect on ambulation. These findings suggest that anorexia and cachexia produced in cancer patients may essentially be due to the suppressive effect of toxohormone-L on food intake.
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PMID:Anorexia induced by toxohormone-L isolated from ascites fluid of patients with hepatoma. 132 17

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a polypeptide produced by mononuclear phagocytes, has been implicated as an important mediator of inflammatory processes and of clinical manifestations in acute infectious diseases. To study further the potential role of TNF in infectious diseases, recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) derived human (r.HuTNF-alpha) and bovine TNF (r.BoTNF-alpha) were intravenously (i.v.) administered in dwarf goats. Rectal temperature, heart rate, rumen motility, plasma zinc and iron concentrations, and certain other blood biochemical and haematological values were studied and compared with the changes seen after E. coli endotoxin (LPS) was administered (dose: 0.1 microgram/kg i.v.). Following a single injection of 4 micrograms/kg of r.BoTNF-alpha, shivering and biphasic febrile response were observed, accompanied by tachycardia, inhibition of rumen contractions, drop in plasma zinc and iron concentrations, lymphopenia, and neutropenia followed by neutrophilia. The i.v. administration of a single injection of 4 micrograms/kg r.HuTNF-alpha induced shivering and biphasic febrile responses, accompanied by anorexia and a similar drop in plasma trace metal concentrations when compared with r.BoTNF-alpha-treated goats. The TNF-alpha-induced symptoms were essentially the same as those that occurred after LPS administration. However, the time of onset of these changes after the injection of TNF-alpha was significantly shorter than after LPS. Moreover, the r.BoTNF-alpha induced a longer lasting neutrophilic leucopenia, less neutrophilia, and a more persistent lymphopenia than after LPS injection. Neither r.BoTNF-alpha nor LPS caused severe haemo-concentration. Furthermore, no cross-tolerance between r.BoTNF-alpha and LPS could be demonstrated. We conclude that both r.BoTNF-alpha and r.HuTNF-alpha induce many of the physiologic, haematologic and metabolic changes that characterize the acute phase response to LPS. The overlapping biological activities of r.BoTNF-alpha, r.HuTNF-alpha and LPS in dwarf goats may indicate that both recombinant tumour necrosis factors have some homology with caprine TNF-alpha.
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PMID:Fever and acute phase response induced in dwarf goats by endotoxin and bovine and human recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha. 148 32

It has recently been demonstrated by three independent research groups including ours that interleukin 1 (IL-1), a polypeptide hormone produced by activated monocytes or macrophages, or both, stimulates the release of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Since CRF acts centrally in the brain to reduce food intake, we hypothesized that IL-1 might induce anorexia through this central action of CRF. The present study was carried out to examine the hypothesis, using male Wistar rats. Based on three lines of evidence, we report here that IL-1, both endogenously released and exogenously administered, induces the suppression of food intake in rats and that endogenous CRF in the brain is involved in the IL-1-induced anorexia. First, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent stimulant of the release and production of endogenous IL-1, caused anorexia in a dose-related manner, and this effect was significantly blocked by pretreatment with glucocorticoid hormones, which have been shown to inhibit the production of endogenous IL-1 by LPS. Second, intraperitoneal injection of IL-1 resulted in a dose-related suppression of food intake. Third, anorexia induced by IL-1 was diminished by the immunoneutralization of endogenous CRF in the brain. These results provide further evidence of the existence of bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Furthermore, this connection between IL-1 and CRF may represent a mechanism by which anorexia results from the activation of the immune system by such immunological challenges as acute infectious diseases.
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PMID:Anorexia induced by interleukin 1: involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor. 278 77

Ehrlichia risticii has a close antigenic relationship to E. sennetsu. Sera of ponies experimentally infected with E. risticii, the etiologic agent of Potomac horse fever, consistently reacted with E. sennetsu, a human pathogen, in indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) testing, while human E. sennetsu convalescent serum reacted with E. risticii by IFA testing and immunoferritin labeling of cells infected in vitro. Two ponies injected intravenously with live E. sennetsu did no develop clinical illness. Subsequent injection with live E. sennetsu did not develop clinical illness. Subsequent injection with live E. risticii also did not induce any disease, in contrast to two control ponies given E. risticii without prior exposure to E. sennetsu. Both controls developed fever, anorexia, depression, dehydration, and diarrhea, which are typical clinical signs of Potomac horse fever, and had characteristic lesions of enteritis and lymph node histiocytosis at postmortem examination. E. sennetsu-exposed ponies had normal gastrointestinal morphologies and lymph node hyperplasia. Ponies primed with E. sennetsu before E. risticii challenge developed high titers of immunoglobulin G antibody which reacted against both E. sennetsu and E. risticii antigens by IFA testing. The most prominent antigenic polypeptide in Western (immuno-) blot analysis of sera collected from ponies primed with E. sennetsu before subsequent challenge with E. risticii was present in lysates of both Ehrlichia species and had an apparent molecular mass of 44 kilodaltons. This band was not prominent in Western blots performed with sera of ponies injected with E. risticii alone. Thus, injection of E. sennetsu protects ponies from clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease induced by injection with E. risticii. Immunologic cross-reactivity of the two organisms with IFA testing and strong immunologic recognition by ponies of the 44-kilodalton antigen common to the two organisms may be related to the development of protective immunity against E. risticii.
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PMID:Clinical, histopathological, and immunological responses of ponies to Ehrlichia sennetsu and subsequent Ehrlichia risticii challenge. 316 93

Loss of food appetite is a common manifestation of acute infectious illness and is believed to contribute to the negative nitrogen balance and loss of body weight that is seen during infection. The frequency with which anorexia occurs with infection suggests that it may be part of the acute phase response. In the present experiments, food intake of fasted rats was suppressed following injection of interleukin-1, a polypeptide that mediates many host responses to infection. We conclude that infection-induced anorexia is, in part, due to the release of interleukin-1.
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PMID:Suppression of food intake during infection: is interleukin-1 involved? 390 25

Feeding problems, anorexia and vomiting are common in infants and children with chronic renal failure (CRF), and play a major role in the growth failure often found in this condition. However, the gastroenterological and nutritional aspects of CRF in children have received little attention, hence therapeutic interventions are usually empirical and often ineffective. Gastritis, duodenitis and peptic ulcer are often found in adults with CRF on regular haemodialysis and following renal transplantation. Despite persistent hypergastrinaemia, gastric acid secretion is decreased rather than increased in most of these patients, and active peptic disease appears to be promoted by the removal of the acid output inhibition (neutralisation of gastric acid by ammonia) that follows active treatment. Helicobacter pylori, on the other hand, does not seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of peptic disease in CRF. Gastro-oesophageal reflux has been found in about 70% of infants and children with CRF suffering from vomiting and feeding problems, and thus appears to be a major problem in these patients. In a number of symptomatic patients with CRF, gastric dysrhythmias and delayed gastric emptying have also been found; hence there appears to be a complex disorder of gastrointestinal motility in CRF. Serum levels of several polypeptide hormones involved in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility [e.g. gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin] and the regulation of hunger and satiety (e.g. glucagon, CCK) are significantly raised as a consequence of renal insufficiency, and can be reverted to normal by renal transplantation. Furthermore, several other humoral abnormalities (e.g. hypercalcaemia, hypokalaemia, acidosis, etc.) are not uncommon in CRF. By directly affecting the smooth muscle of the gut or stimulating particular areas within the central nervous system, all these humoral alterations may well play a major role in the gastrointestinal dysmotility, anorexia, nausea and vomiting in patients with CRF. Specific pharmacological and nutritional interventions should thus be considered for the treatment of vomiting and feeding problems in CRF.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal function in chronic renal failure. 874 22

1. Leptin is thought to be an inhibitor of appetite. As the kidney helps clear several polypeptide hormones, plasma leptin may accumulate in end-stage renal disease. 2. Plasma immunoreactive leptin was measured in four groups of subjects: haemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients and a group of healthy controls. Leptin was also measured before and after a single dialysis session. 3. There was a strong correlation between plasma immunoreactive leptin and body mass index in all groups except female haemodialysis patients. Leptin was higher in females than in males in all groups when controlled for body mass index. Mean plasma leptin [mean (SD)] was significantly higher in all renal groups [haemodialysis, 15.1 (3.6) ng/ml; continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 25.4 (4.3) ng/ml; transplants, 11.6 (2.6) ng/ml] compared with controls [5.3 (2.3) ng/ml]. There was a significant difference in the regression equations relating leptin and body mass index (dialysis > transplants > controls), even when controlled for gender. Leptin correlated modestly with serum creatinine in non-dialysis subjects. Plasma leptin immunoreactivity was slightly reduced by haemodialysis, but post-dialysis leptin was still significantly higher than that found in controls. 4. Chromatographic characterization of the high level of leptin immunoreactivity found in haemodialysis subjects showed a single elution peak corresponding to that of the highly purified human leptin standard. 5. In conclusion, leptin is higher than expected for body mass index in end-stage renal disease. Hyperleptinaemia could contribute to the anorexia and poor nutritional status commonly seen in renal failure.
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PMID:Plasma immunoreactive leptin concentration in end-stage renal disease. 930 26

A 9-year-old male German Shepherd Dog was presented with the primary complaints of vomiting, profuse watery diarrhea, anorexia, and severe weight loss. The dog developed hematemesis and melena, which were unresponsive to treatment with an H2-receptor antagonist and a gastrointestinal protectant. A marked neutrophilia, panhypoproteinemia, hypokalemia, and mildly increased activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase were the only relevant abnormalities found on a CBC, serum biochemical profile, and urinalysis. An exploratory laparotomy revealed several small nonresectable masses at the root of the mesentery, which were identified histologically as a neuroendocrine neoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining of the neoplasm was positive for gastrin and negative for insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Fasting serum gastrin concentrations were high. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was diagnosed, and the dog was treated with omeprazole, an H+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor. All clinical signs resolved, and the dog remains asymptomatic 2 years later. Omeprazole may be the gastric acid antisecretory drug of choice for dogs with gastrinoma.
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PMID:Omeprazole in a dog with gastrinoma. 947 Jan 66

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a polypeptide cytokine, has been postulated as a chemical messenger between the immune and the neuroendocrine system. IL-1 receptors and immunopositive neurons have been visualized in the human and rat hypothalamus, suggesting that IL-1 can act as a neurotransmitter within the brain. In the hypothalamus IL-1 and the amino acid neurotransmitters are known to modulate several functions, such as fever, anorexia and the gonadal and adrenal axis. Since the hypothalamic actions of IL-1 on the amino acid neurotransmitter output are unknown, the aim of the present paper was to evaluate the effects of IL-1 on the hypothalamic release of both, the inhibitory taurine, glycine and GABA and the excitatory glutamate, amino acid neurotransmitters. Intact adult male rats were employed. The preoptic/mediobasal hypothalamic area was dissected and superfused with Earle's balanced salt solution. Superfusate fractions were collected after a 60-min stabilization period. Following 60 min of basal release, IL-1 was added to the superfusion medium over 30 min. GABA, taurine and glycine release were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the superfusion medium, while glutamate was not modified compared with the control group. These observations show that IL-1 increased GABA, taurine and glycine release. These effects indicate that this cytokine can affect the hypothalamic inhibitory amino acid output, which may help us to understand the mechanism by which IL-1 exerts its effects.
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PMID:Interleukin-1 stimulates hypothalamic inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter release. 969 51


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