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Query: UNIPROT:Q06643 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)
 11,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Geographic patterns of cancer mortality can often provide clues for public health professionals to identify high-risk areas where limited resources can be directed to conduct cancer epidemiological studies or improve health services related to cancer prevention and treatment. From spatial cluster analyses of mortality cases from 16 specific cancers in Texas over the period from 1990 to 1997, geographic patterns of cancer mortality clusters in Texas were identified. The results suggest that Texas citizens would benefit if cancer epidemiology studies and cancer prevention and treatment practices in Texas would target counties in Southeast Texas for mortality related to lung and bronchial cancer, female breast cancer, colon cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; target counties in East (particularly Northeast) Texas for mortality from lung and bronchial cancer, pancreatic cancer, cancer of the brain and other nervous systems, and liver cancer; examine colon cancer mortality in Kaufman County; pay particular attention to mortality from liver cancer in San Antonio and the counties south of San Antonio; direct extra efforts to prostate cancer in the Dallas-Fort Worth area; and investigate the unusually high mortality rate of cervical cancer in Crockett County.
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PMID:Geographic patterns of cancer mortality clusters in Texas, 1990 to 1997. 1296 49

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were the first successful targeted therapy for cancer. In contrast to the nonspecific nature of most chemotherapy, antibodies bind with high specificity to cell-surface antigens, resulting in targeted killing of malignant cells, relative sparing of normal tissues, and low toxicity. Antibody therapy has undergone substantial development since Ehrlich's notion of a "magic bullet," in 1890. It was not until the 1970s, however, that mAbs became viable as therapeutic tools and clinical studies showed them to be effective. The results were most impressive in hematologic malignancies, especially B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In 1997, rituximab (Rituxan; Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, and Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA) became the first mAb approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of cancer. The first approval for a radiolabeled antibody to treat cancer was in 2002 for (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec). This is a conjugate of an anti-CD20 mAb (ibritumomab, the murine parent of rituximab) with the beta-emitter radionuclide (90)Y. (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan has been shown to be safe and effective in the indicated patient population. Other radioimmunoconjugates are being investigated for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as are several immunotoxins. This article reviews important events in the development of mAb therapy and radioimmunotherapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:History of antibody therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1471 Mar 96

Radioimmunotherapy is a new cancer therapy that combines the cytotoxicity of radiation with the tumor-specific targeting of monoclonal antibodies. Yttrium 90 (Y-90) ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin, IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, San Diego, CA) is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), including patients with rituximab-refractory follicular NHL. Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan requires only universal safety precautions and does not impose undue risks or radiation safety restrictions on patients or healthcare workers. The ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen can be administered safely in an outpatient setting. Nurses should become familiar with the necessary precautions in caring for patients treated with Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, both to educate patients about safety issues and to minimize the risk of radiation exposure to staff and others.
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PMID:Radiation safety guidelines for radioimmunotherapy with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan. 1498 60

Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan; IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration on February 19, 2002, following 9 years of clinical development. Six clinical studies supported the Zevalin Biologics License Application. The Zevalin regimen is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and for those with follicular NHL refractory to Rituxan (rituximab, MabThera; IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, San Diego, CA and Genentech, South San Francisco, CA). In the year following FDA approval, approximately 1300 patients were treated in clinical trials or with the commercially available product.
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PMID:Radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinical development of the Zevalin regimen. 1550 11

With the introduction of newer therapeutic approaches, survival in indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) appears to be improving. Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; Serono, Inc.; Rockland, MA, http://www.seronousa.com), an anthracenedione with low cardiotoxic potential, has demonstrated activity in indolent NHL in combination with fludarabine (Fludara; Berlex Laboratories; Wayne, NJ, http://www.berlex.com) and other agents. In a Southwest Oncology Group trial (SWOG 9501), treatment with fludarabine and mitoxantrone (FM) induced a complete remission (CR) rate of 44% and a partial remission (PR) rate of 50% in untreated patients. The estimated 4-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 38%. In a multicenter Italian trial comparing the efficacy of FM with that of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin; Bedford Laboratories; Bedford, OH, http://www.bedfordlabs.com), vincristine (Oncovin; Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis, IN, http://www.lilly.com), and prednisone (Deltasone; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals; New York, NY, http://www.pfizer.com), CHOP, followed by rituximab (Rituxan; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA, http://www.gene.com) for patients with incomplete clinical or molecular responses, the CR and molecular response rates were significantly higher in the FM arm, but the PFS and overall survival (OS) rates did not differ between the two arms. However, FM was also significantly less toxic than CHOP. The administration of rituximab following chemotherapy resulted in higher clinical and molecular response rates in both arms. In a separate trial, FM plus dexamethasone (Decadron; Merck and Co., Inc.; Whitehouse Station, NJ, http://www.merck.com), FND, plus concurrent rituximab produced a CR rate of 92%. In a randomized German study, patients with indolent lymphomas received FM plus cyclophosphamide (FCM) or FCM with rituximab. PFS and OS times were significantly better for patients who received combined chemoimmunotherapy. Mitoxantrone-based regimens are highly active and well tolerated in patients with both relapsed and previously untreated indolent lymphomas. The addition of rituximab appears to increase the activity of the FM, FND, and FCM regimens. Although the results of the Italian multicenter study support the superiority of FM over CHOP in terms of clinical and molecular responses and tolerability, additional studies using rituximab in combination with both of these regimens should be attempted to determine the possible further benefit of both in the management of indolent lymphoma. Because cure remains elusive in patients with indolent lymphoma, maximum prolongation of PFS with minimal toxicity and maximum preservation of quality of life should remain central goals of treatment.
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PMID:The role of mitoxantrone in the treatment of indolent lymphomas. 1570 17

The increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that has occurred over recent decades is expected to continue. Therapeutic options for patients with NHL have improved over the past 20 years, but almost all patients with low-grade lymphoma and approximately 50% of patients with high-grade lymphoma eventually die of their disease, regardless of the regimen used. Thus, there is a continuing need for novel therapeutic options. One such strategy is targeted radioimmunotherapy, which is an attractive approach because lymphoma cells are inherently sensitive to radiation. 90 Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec Inc, San Diego, CA, and Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) was the first radioimmunotherapy agent to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with relapsed, low-grade B-cell NHL. 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan comprises the murine IgG1 anti-CD20 antibody ibritumomab, covalently linked to the beta-emitter 90 Y by a chelator tiuxetan. A prospective trial comparing 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan with single-agent rituximab showed an overall response rate (ORR) to 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan of 80% (34% complete response [CR]/unconfirmed CR [CRu]) compared with 56% (20% CR/CRu) with rituximab (P = .002). Of patients achieving a CR/CRu, 32% were still in remission at 3 to 4 years of follow-up. Similar efficacy (83% ORR, 43% CR/CRu) has been reported with 90 Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade NHL with mild thrombocytopenia (platelet counts 100,000 to 149,000/mm3 ), and in patients with rituximab-refractory NHL (ORR 74% [CR 15%] compared with an ORR 32% to last rituximab treatment). Safety data compiled from patients entered into five studies have confirmed initial observations that the toxicities encountered with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy are mainly hematologic and transient. As part of a consolidated clinical approach to the ongoing development of 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, studies are currently being conducted in the United States and Europe to examine the role of this agent in first-line therapy of indolent NHL, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and in combination with chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support.
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PMID:Use of 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1578 24

Radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec Inc, San Diego, CA, and Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) was approved in the United States in 2002 for patients with relapsed or refractory, low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including patients with rituximab-refractory disease, and in Europe in 2003. This agent has yielded good results in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, for whom limited treatment options are available. Radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan is well tolerated and produces statistically and clinically significant higher overall and complete response rates than rituximab alone. Furthermore, treatment can be safely administered on an outpatient basis, with minimal disruption to patients' daily routines. The 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan treatment regimen, appropriate patient selection, and risk assessment are discussed in this article.
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PMID:90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan: rationale for patient selection in the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1578 25

The median survival for patients with advanced indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has remained at 7 to 8 years since the 1960s. Targeted treatment using radioimmunotherapy (RIT), radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor-specific antigens, is an attractive option for this patient population, combining the advantages of an active biologic therapy with low dose-rate irradiation of an inherently radiosensitive tumor. Two anti-CD20 RIT agents have now been approved for the treatment of refractory NHL: 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec Inc, San Diego, CA, and Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) is approved in both the United States and Europe, and 131I-tositumomab (Bexxar; Corixa Corp, Seattle, WA) is approved only in the United States. This article discusses the development of 131I-tositumomab. Because 131I-labeled antibody clearance varies significantly among patients, prescription of 131I-tositumomab activity must be based on a calculated total-body dose derived from quantitative whole-body imaging. The maximum tolerated total-body dose has been established at 75 cGy in patients with adequate bone marrow reserves and less than 25% bone marrow involvement by lymphoma (65 cGy in patients with mild thrombocytopenia; 45 cGy in patients who have received stem cell transplantation). In a phase III trial, overall response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) rate were significantly higher following 131I-tositumomab than following the patient's last qualifying chemotherapy (ORR, 65% v 28%; P <.001; CR, 20% v 3%; P <.001). 131I-tositumomab has also been shown to be effective in patients who are refractory to rituximab (ORR, 70%; CR, 32%) and as first-line therapy in patients with NHL (ORR, 97%; CR, 63%). The major side effects of 131I-tositumomab are hematologic. In the phase III study, 20% of patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia and 22% experienced grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Myelodysplastic syndromes or secondary acute myeloid leukemia have been reported in 8.4% of patients with chemotherapy-refractory disease treated with 131I-tositumomab, but have not been observed to date in patients receiving 131I-tositumomab as first-line therapy. Future progress in NHL management is likely to include RIT as part of a multi-modality approach; trials are planned or currently underway to investigate the combination of RIT with chemotherapy regimens.
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PMID:Development of 131I-tositumomab. 1578 26

FavId (Favrille, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) is a personalized therapeutic vaccine product for B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, custom-manufactured from individual patient's tumour cells. This investigational agent consists of recombinant tumour-specific immunoglobulin (idiotype [Id]) chemically conjugated to the highly immunogenic carrier protein keyhole limpet haemocyanin (Id-KLH). The vaccine product is administered by subcutaneous co-injection with the cytokine adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with the goal of stimulating tumour-specific T cell and humoral immunity. Therapeutic Id vaccines have shown promising results in early phase clinical trials in follicular lymphoma, and several Phase III trials are ongoing. FavId's advantages over other Id vaccine formulations include its rapid and efficient manufacturing technology utilising recombinant baculovirus, with a production time of only 8-12 weeks. In Phase II studies, FavId Id-KLH plus GM-CSF vaccines have been found to be safe, immunogenic and clinically active in follicular lymphoma. At present, FavId is being tested in a randomised, placebo-controlled Phase III trial in follicular lymphoma, aimed at improving the time to disease progression when administered following cytoreduction with rituximab. If found to be efficacious in this pivotal trial, FavId would represent a tumour-selective immunotherapy for lymphoma with little toxicity and a novel mechanism of action.
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PMID:Recombinant, tumour-derived idiotype vaccination for indolent B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a focus on FavId. 1595 14

The present study aimed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of chimeric anti-CD 20 antibody rituxan (rituximab, Biogen IDEC, San Diego, CA, USA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA) in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Thirty-three patients with previously untreated aggressive B-cell NHL received six infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2) per dose) on day 1 of each cycle of CHOP chemotherapy, given on day 3 of each cycle of therapy. Currently, the patients now have a median follow-up of 63 months (range 34 - 82 months). The overall response (OR) rate was 94% and the complete response (CR) rate was 61% at the end of therapy. Of the 33 patients, 2 patients experienced disease progression and subsequently died of their disease, 2 patients experienced disease progression but were alive at last follow-up following additional therapy, and 2 patients died without experiencing disease progression: one due to a cerebral vascular accident at 9 months after therapy and a second patient due to small cell lung carcinoma at 55 months. The 5-year survival rate was 88% (95% confidence interval (CI) 72 - 97) and the 5-year progression-free survival was 82% (95% CI 64 - 93). There were no long-term adverse events noted directly related to the rituximab. The long-term follow-up of patients in this phase II trial of rituximab with CHOP chemotherapy for previously untreated aggressive NHL demonstrates a high response rate, which remains very durable with high 5-year overall and progression-free survivals.
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PMID:Long-term update of a phase II study of rituximab in combination with CHOP chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1623 11


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