Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q06643 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)
 11,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data from the population-based cancer registry for Los Angeles County, an area with high risk of AIDS, were used to evaluate secular trends of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and other possibly AIDS-related cancers in men aged 18 to 54. Marital status was used as a surrogate for homosexual behavior to compare the proportional incidence rates for the pre-AIDS era, 1972 to 1979, to those for 1980 to 1982 and 1983 to 1985. Both absolute incidence and proportional incidence of KS continue to increase sharply, although in absolute numbers, KS is making a smaller contribution to the total number of AIDS cases as the Los Angeles County epidemic progresses. For never-married men the proportional incidence rate of KS in 1983 to 1985 was nearly 100-fold greater than that of 1972 to 1979 and 7-fold greater than that of 1980 to 1982. High-grade lymphomas show statistically significant secular increases in both never-married and ever-married men, but only the rates of Burkitt's lymphomas have increased to a greater extent in never-married men. A small but significant increase of central nervous system lymphomas is seen in both marital status groups. There is no evidence of any AIDS-related increases in Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, testicular cancer, anal cancer, liver cancer, oral cancer, multiple myeloma, or malignant melanoma. As of 1985, cancer, as a manifestation of AIDS, is still apparently limited to KS and high-grade lymphomas (particularly Burkitt's) in Los Angeles County.
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PMID:AIDS-related secular trends in cancer in Los Angeles County men: a comparison by marital status. 291 Apr 64

HIV infection is known to increase the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Kaposi's sarcoma preferentially affects homosexual men and risk varies by geographic area, suggesting there is an environmental cofactor for Kaposi's sarcoma in addition to HIV. Despite intensive investigation, the responsible cofactor has not been conclusively identified. HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma affects all HIV transmission groups, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk increases with duration of HIV infection and age. Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of this tumor, but the precise mechanisms have not been worked out. Cervical cancer and anal cancer have a less certain association with HIV infection and immunodeficiency, although epithelial dysplasia at these sites does seem to be HIV-related. Children with HIV infection are additionally affected by increased incidence of leiomyosarcoma and benign leiomyoma, whereas adults with HIV infection do not seem particularly susceptible to this tumor, perhaps because of hormonal or growth-promoting factors. Apart from these specific disease associations, HIV infection and related immunodeficiency do not result in a generalized tumor diathesis. Prevention and management of HIV-associated cancers are becoming increasingly important as the HIV epidemic continues to grow.
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PMID:Epidemiology of AIDS-related malignancies. 782 52

Several studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with an increase in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among homosexual men. The role of HIV-1 in increasing the incidence of other malignancies is more controversial. The incidence of non-Kaposi's sarcoma cancer was examined from 1978 to 1990 among 15,565 homosexual men who participated in studies of hepatitis B virus infection in the late 1970s in New York City, New York, and San Francisco, California. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-1.8). Excesses were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SIR = 12.7; 95% CI 11.0-14.6). Hodgkin's disease (SIR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.5-3.9), and anal cancer (SIR = 24.2 95% CI 13.5-39.9). As seen with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a cancer known to be associated with HIV-1. Hodgkin's disease incidence was significantly higher in more recent years compared with earlier years. No cases of Hodgkin's disease were found among HIV-1 antibody-negative men, and Hodgkin's disease was diagnosed near the time of initial acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnoses. Anal cancer incidence did not correlate with HIV-1 antibody status and did not tend to occur near the time of AIDS diagnoses. This study confirms the association of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with HIV-1 infect on and suggests an association between Hodgkin's disease and HIV-1 infection. An excess in anal cancer was observed but did not appear to be associated with HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Increased incidence of cancer among homosexual men, New York City and San Francisco, 1978-1990. 891 2

The gastrointestinal tract is very frequently affected by the manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A variety of opportunistic viral, fungal, bacterial, protozoal and helmintic infections and different unusual malignancies such as Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and papilloma-virus associated anal cancer are responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality in AIDS. Because specific therapy is not always available, in particular diagnosis of potentially infections should be attempted.
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PMID:[Intestinal diseases in HIV infection]. 933 12

The causes of multiple myeloma (MM) are obscure, but a laboratory association was recently reported between MM and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the probable etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Although there has been some additional laboratory corroboration, most laboratory studies have found no association between MM and HHV-8. We looked for indirect evidence of an HHV-8/MM association by evaluating whether MM is associated with KS in the United States. Cancer incidence and survival data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program for the years 1973-1995. Strength of association was assessed for a number of cancer pairs using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) (observed/expected double cancers). KS was strongly associated (SIR > 15) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and anal cancer, was modestly associated (2.5 < SIR < 5.5) with MM, Hodgkin's disease, and testicular cancer and was not significantly associated with 6 other cancers. Besides being associated with KS, MM was weakly associated (1.7 < SIR < 2.3) with Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer. The SIRs for 7 other cancers paired with MM were all less than 1.6. Factors that might be responsible for the KS/MM association include MM-related immune dysfunction, HIV and HHV-8, but the role of these factors cannot be directly assessed through the SEER database. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that HHV-8 is linked to a small proportion of MM cases, the modest KS/MM association is evidence that the vast majority of MM cases are not likely to be associated with HHV-8.
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PMID:Occurrence of primary cancers in association with multiple myeloma and Kaposi's sarcoma in the United States, 1973-1995. 1069 13

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) results in an extraordinary increase in the risk of two malignancies: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS; relative risk [RR], >10,000) and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; RR, >100). KS appears to result from uncontrolled expression of latency genes of human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8). KS is exquisitely sensitive to immune deficiency, and its incidence has declined during the late 1990s with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The risk of NHL is highest with high-grade histologies, and the incidence has declined only slightly with HAART. The risk of KS and NHL is decreased for people with the CCRS delta32 polymorphism, and NHL risk is increased with the SDFI-3'A polymorphism. Children with AIDS have a similar pattern of risk, but also have a high risk of leiomyosarcoma (RR, approximately 10,000). AIDS-related immune deficiency also increases the risk of Hodgkin's disease (RR, 8), probably multiple myeloma (RR, 5), and possibly other tumors in adults. Although the occurrence of cervical cancer (RR, 3) and anal cancer (RR, 30) is excessive among persons with AIDS, most or all of this excess results from sexually acquired human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and not from immune deficiency. Future efforts need to focus on understanding how the immune perturbation of AIDS results in a limited spectrum of tumors and most urgently on controlling the underlying HIV epidemic.
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PMID:The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome malignancies. 1095 Mar 65

One intriguing question to grow out of the AIDS epidemic is why there have not been large increases in cancer rates associated with the disease. Robert Biggar, senior investigator at the AIDS viral epidemiology group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), addresses this issue. Most malignancies do not seem to be affected by the deterioration of the immune system, which is in direct opposition to widely-held views that cancer development is related to immune system defects. Some cancers do increase with AIDS, particularly cervical cancer and anal cancer. Cervical cancer and anal cancer are linked and researchers are trying to determine if the rates of these cancers are caused by more frequent and riskier sexual activity. AIDS is associated with a 270-fold increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and a 100,000-fold increased relative risk of Kaposi's sarcoma. Risk has been reduced with moderate restorations of the immune system. Further research is needed to understand why many cancers do not increase with AIDS.
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PMID:AIDS' big question: why so little cancer? 1136 63

Participants in the National AIDS Malignancy Conference grappled with the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on cancer. HAART has sharply decreased rates of opportunistic infections in a number of studies, but its impact on AIDS is complicated. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) rates have rapidly declined in the past few years, corresponding to the time that HAART has been the standard of care. However, the effects on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are mixed. Researchers also report a higher risk of cervical cancer among HIV-positive women. Immune-suppressed populations experience higher rates of cancer than expected, but the correlation between HIV-induced immune suppression and AIDS malignancies is not likely to be worked out soon. Charts show how the rates of HIV-associated KS and primary CNS lymphoma have decreased recently, and show how HHV-8 seropositivity correlates to the number of sexual partners. Researchers are calling for the development of a diagnostic tool similar to Pap smears to identify early cases of anal cancer.
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PMID:Less cancer--or more--with HAART? Or, reflections on a late opus. 1136 31

The incidence of malignancies has increased in conjunction with epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and they are currently considered acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions. Approximately 40% of all patients with AIDS have developed cancer during the course of HIV infections. Further, as survival has improved in HIV disease, the incidence of these malignancies has increased. The main malignancies noted are Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, rectal and anal cancer.
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PMID:[Neoplastic manifestations of HIV infection]. 1270 85

A substantial excess risk of lymphomas and nonmelanoma skin cancer has been demonstrated following organ transplantation. Large sample size and long follow-up time may, however, allow more accurate risk estimates and detailed understanding of long-term cancer risk. The objective of the study was to assess the risk of cancer following organ transplantation. A nationwide cohort study comprising 5931 patients who underwent transplantation of kidney, liver or other organs during 1970-1997 in Sweden was conducted. Complete follow-up was accomplished through linkage to nationwide databases. We used comparisons with the entire Swedish population to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), and Poisson regression for multivariate internal analyses of relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, we observed 692 incident first cancers vs 171 expected (SIR 4.0; 95% CI 3.7-4.4). We confirmed marked excesses of nonmelanoma skin cancer (SIR 56.2; 95% CI 49.8-63.2), lip cancer (SIR 53.3; 95% CI 38.0-72.5) and of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (SIR 6.0; 95% CI 4.4-8.0). Compared with patients who underwent kidney transplantation, those who received other organs were at substantially higher risk of NHL (RR 8.4; 95% CI 4.3-16). Besides, we found, significantly, about 20-fold excess risk of cancer of the vulva and vagina, 10-fold of anal cancer, and five-fold of oral cavity and kidney cancer, as well as two- to four-fold excesses of cancer in the oesophagus, stomach, large bowel, urinary bladder, lung and thyroid gland. In conclusion, organ transplantation entails a persistent, about four-fold increased overall cancer risk. The complex pattern of excess risk at many sites challenges current understanding of oncogenic infections that might become activated by immunologic alterations.
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PMID:Cancer risk following organ transplantation: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden. 1526 36


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