Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q06643 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)
 11,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Molecular characterization of neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin. Review of the literature and report of three cases. Although neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (NECS) is comparatively a rare clinical-histological entity, numerous morphological and ultrastructural studies have been carried out since the tumor was identificated by Toker (1972). Recently immunocytochemistry has allowed a better molecular characterization (immunophenotype) of this tumor and a more exact diagnosis. The main problem for the pathologist is the differential diagnosis between NECS and skin neoplasms--both primitive and metastatic--which require a more aggressive treatment. Often the classical morphological criteria do not distinguish NECS from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, amelanotic melanomas, cutaneous metastases of lung small cell carcinoma or of neuroblastoma. The co-expression of cytokeratins and neurofilaments constantly found in NECS, is surely the best differential criterion from non-neuroendocrine carcinomas. Furthermore, the typical paranuclear location of both the intermediate filaments in NECS is a distinctive peculiarity as opposed to lung microcytoma, where cytokeratins and neurofilaments, when present, show widespread perinuclear positivity. Chromogranin A is found only in a small percentage of tumor cells, whilst synthesis of calcitonin, somatostatin, gastrin, ACTH, is very rare. Finally, the lack of common leukocyte antigen (CLA), S-100 protein and vimentin in NECS rules out the diagnoses of lymphoma, melanoma and sarcoma respectively.
 ...
PMID:[Molecular characterization of cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma. Review of the literature and presentation of a caseload]. 209 Oct 10

Spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats are appropriate and valid model tumor systems available for testing cancer therapeutic agents or studying cancer biology. The pet population is a vastly underutilized resource of animals available for study. Dogs and cats develop spontaneous tumors with histopathologic and biologic behavior similar to tumors that occur in humans. The tumors with potential relevance for human cancer biology include osteosarcoma, mammary carcinoma, oral melanoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, nasal tumors, lung carcinoma, soft tissue sarcomas, and malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Canine osteosarcoma is a malignant aggressive bone tumor with a 90% metastasis rate after surgical amputation. Its predictable metastatic rate and pattern and its relative resistance to chemotherapy make this tumor particularly attractive for studying anti-metastasis approaches. Canine and feline malignant mammary tumors are fairly common in middle-aged animals and have a metastatic pattern similar to that in women; that is, primarily to regional lymph nodes and lungs. Chemotherapy has been minimally effective, and these tumors may be better models for testing biological response modifiers. Oral tumors, especially melanomas, are the most common canine malignant tumor in the oral cavity. Metastasis is frequent, and the response to chemotherapy and radiation has been disappointing. This tumor can be treated with anti-metastatic approaches or biological response modifiers. Squamous cell carcinomas, especially in the gum, are excellent models for radiation therapy studies. Nasal carcinomas are commonly treated with radiation therapy. They tend to metastasize slowly, but have a high local recurrence rate. This tumor is suitable for studying radiation therapy approaches. Primary lung tumors and soft tissue sarcomas are excellent models for studying combined modality therapy such as surgery with chemotherapy or biological response modifiers. Finally, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a common neoplastic process seen in the dog. These tumors respond to combination chemotherapy and have great potential as a model for newer chemotherapeutic agents and biological response modifiers. This paper will further elaborate on the relative merits of each tumor type as a model for human cancer therapy and biology.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats: models for the study of cancer biology and treatment. 225 12

Since May 1979, 47 patients with pediatric malignancy aged 1 to 18 years (median: 7) were treated with cryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in the department of pediatrics, National Cancer Center Hospital. The malignancies were acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (n = 8), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 5), osteosarcoma (n = 7), neuroblastoma (n = 6), brain tumor (n = 5), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 4), retinoblastoma (n = 3), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 3), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 2), malignant histiocytosis (n = 1), hepatoblastoma (n = 1), malignant melanoma (n = 1) and malignant neuroepithelioma (n = 1). Conditioning regimens for solid tumors were multi-agent high-dose chemotherapy, mainly consisted of cyclophosphamide (CY) 120 mg/kg or melphalan 180mg/m2 and that for hematological malignancies were CY with fractionated total body irradiation (12 Gy). In vitro purging by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide was performed in 12 leukemia patients and 5 solid tumor patients. Of the 13 patients with acute leukemia, 1 died from relapse 1 year after the unpurged marrow transplantation and 1 relapsed in the testis. Remaining 11 patients are alive in continuous complete remission with a median follow up of 30 months (range, 2 to 65 months) after transplantation. The disease-free survival rate of them was 78%. Of the 34 patients with solid tumor, 21 patients died, their cause of death were relapse in 18 and each one of infection, graft failure and brain hemorrhage. Thirteen patients are alive without disease with a median follow up of 28 months (range, 2 to 107 months) posttransplant. The longest survivor is a brain tumor girl, and there are 5 other long survivors; 2 of them are osteosarcoma and each one of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and malignant histiocytosis. The disease-free survival rate of total 34 solid tumor patients is 29%, but that of 17 patients who received ABMT in responsive and minimum tumor residue (MTR) period was 69%. These results suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation is an effective and tolerable treatment for poor prognostic pediatric malignancies, especially for acute leukemia and such solid tumor as that in MTR state.
 ...
PMID:[Autologous bone marrow transplantation in pediatric cancer]. 226 Aug 67

Previous investigations of cancer among firefighters have been limited to mortality data and have yielded inconsistent results. Case-control analyses were conducted in the present surveillance study in order to examine associations between firefighting and cancer incidence in Massachusetts. Subjects were identified through the Massachusetts Cancer Registry files for 1982-1986. Exposure status (firefighting) was determined from the usual occupation reported to the Registry. Nine different cancer types were examined among the 315 reported white male firefighters. Two "unexposed" reference populations were used: policemen and statewide males. Standardized morbidity odds ratios (SMORs) were statistically significantly elevated for melanoma (SMOR = 292; 95% C.I. = 170-503) and bladder cancer (SMOR = 159; 95% C.I. = 102-250) among firefighters compared with the state as a whole. When policemen were used as the reference group, the bladder cancer excess persisted (SMOR = 211; 95% C.I. = 107-414) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was elevated (SMOR = 327; 95% C.I. = 119-898); the melanoma excess was largely reduced (SMOR = 138; 95% C.I. = 60-319) but remained elevated among those aged 55-74 years (SMOR = 513; 95% C.I. = 150-1,750). Small number excesses (not significant) were also observed for pancreatic cancer and leukemia compared with police.
 ...
PMID:Cancer incidence among Massachusetts firefighters, 1982-1986. 237 69

The histologic and immunologic features of an unusual morphologic expression of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, which ahs been termed the "syncytial variant," are described. In biopsy material from 18 cases, numerous Reed-Sternberg cell variants were observed in sheets and cohesive clusters, and at least focal evidence of nodular sclerosis was present in each case. The granulocyte antibody anti-Leu M1 reacted with antigenic determinants in Reed-Sternberg cells and atypical variants thereof in 13 of the 18 cases; the lack of staining with antibodies reactive with the leukocyte common (T200) antigen (PD7/26), keratin (AE1), and S100 protein (polyclonal anti-S100) was helpful in excluding non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, carcinoma, and melanoma, respectively. This unusual form of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease is important to recognize, since it may simulate metastatic neoplasms, thymoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:The "syncytial variant" of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. 242 45

In the past decade, interferon, the first of a new class of biologic response modifiers, has undergone extensive Phase I and II clinical evaluation in a broad spectrum of cancers, including hematologic malignancies, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Interferon has been found to have important clinical activity in hairy-cell leukemia, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, previously untreated multiple myeloma, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant carcinoid tumors, intravesically treated superficial bladder cancer, intraperitoneally treated ovarian carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Recombinant DNA technology has produced molecules such as the interferons, which are antigenic and can induce antibody formation as part of a generalized immune response. The frequency of antibody occurrence, the magnitude of the antibody response, and the type of antibody induced by the interferons is thought to be related to several factors. These include the specific type of neoplasm for which interferon was administered; the specie of interferon administered; the dose, route, schedule, and duration of interferon administered; and the assay method and sampling time used to determine the antibody titer. Opinions and clinical observations about how these antibodies affect the clinical course of a disease vary among investigators. Some studies have demonstrated that antibody formation is associated with an abrogation of the clinical response, while others have not found any effects on the clinical course of a disease due to antibody presence.
 ...
PMID:Biotherapy with interferon--1988. 246 49

The interferons are the first of a new class of biologic response modifiers that include, among others, the interleukins, colony-stimulating factors, erythropoietin, additional growth factors, and monoclonal antibodies. Interferons have exhibited important clinical activity in hematologic malignancies, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Specific diseases responding to interferons include hairy-cell leukemia (HCL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, superficial bladder carcinoma, malignant carcinoid, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi's sarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. The potentially antigenic nature of the recombinant interferons can result in the formation of antibodies. These antibodies have been associated with the abrogation of some of the clinical responsiveness of some patients treated with interferons. It is hoped that the controversy existing over the role of antibody formation in treatment efficacy can be resolved by prospective trials using standardized methodology in such areas as assay type, sampling time, route of drug administration, treatment schedule, cumulative dose, and duration of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Biotherapy in clinical practice. 247 4

The effects and toxicities of interferon alfa are described, and the role of the pharmacist in making decisions and providing education about biologic response modifiers (BRMs) is discussed. Interferons have both direct antitumor activity and extensive effects on the immune system. Two recombinant interferon alfa products--interferon alfa-2a and interferon alfa-2b are available commercially. Indications in FDA-approved labeling for interferon alfa include the treatment of hairy-cell leukemia, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma, and genital warts; however, it also is being used successfully against early chronic myelogenous leukemia, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and previously untreated multiple myeloma. Other malignancies that respond to treatment with interferon alfa are malignant melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. The toxic pattern of interferon alfa consists of flu-like symptoms, which are seen at all doses, on all schedules, and in virtually all patients. After repeated dosing, the chronic toxicities of anorexia, weight loss, and malaise and fatigue may develop. Myelosuppression, central nervous system toxicity, increased hepatic enzyme concentrations, nausea and vomiting, and cardiovascular toxicity also are possible. Serum neutralizing antibodies may be formed during therapy; this phenomenon may affect the clinical outcome. Numerous BRMs are being investigated for clinical use, and pharmacists must become conversant in the issues that surround these agents. Areas in which pharmacist involvement and knowledge are important include overall cost, product similarities and differences, dosing and scheduling, drug delivery systems, ways to minimize waste, adverse effects and their management, drug interactions, storage requirements, differences in production and purification techniques among manufacturers, and education of patients and staff.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Biologic response modifiers: the interferon alfa experience. 248 96

Many cancers have been cured by chemotherapeutic agents. However, other cancers are intrinsically drug resistant, and some acquire resistance following chemotherapy. Cloning of the cDNA for the human MDR1 gene (also known as PGY1), which encodes the multidrug efflux protein P-glycoprotein, has made it possible to measure levels of MDR1 RNA in human cancers. We report the levels of MDR1 RNA in greater than 400 human cancers. MDR1 RNA levels were usually elevated in untreated, intrinsically drug-resistant tumors, including those derived from the colon, kidney, adrenal gland, liver, and pancreas, as well as in carcinoid tumors, chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis, and cell lines of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCLC) with neuroendocrine properties. MDR1 RNA levels were occasionally elevated in other untreated cancers, including neuroblastoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in adults, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in adults, and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. MDR1 RNA levels were also increased in some cancers at relapse after chemotherapy, including ALL, ANLL, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and nodular, poorly differentiated lymphoma. Many types of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumors, including NSCLC and melanoma, contained undetectable or low levels of MDR1 RNA. The consistent association of MDR1 expression with several intrinsically resistant cancers and the increased expression of the MDR1 gene in certain cancers with acquired drug resistance indicate that the MDR1 gene contributes to multidrug resistance in many human cancers. Thus, evaluation of MDR1 gene expression may prove to be a valuable tool in the identification of individuals whose cancers are resistant to specific agents. The information may be useful in designing or altering chemotherapeutic protocols in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Expression of a multidrug resistance gene in human cancers. 256 56

Previous New Zealand case-control studies have found increased risk for leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma in farmers. We report here a further series of New Zealand Cancer Registry based case-control studies of farming and site-specific cancer risks. These involved 19,904 males aged 20 years or more who were registered with cancer between 1980 and 1984. For each cancer site, the registrations for other sites formed the control group. Farmers had elevated risks for malignant melanoma (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.05-1.50), and for cancer of the lip (OR = 2.43, 95% Cl 1.81-3.27), rectum (OR = 1.19, 95% Cl 1.03-1.38), bone (OR = 1.95, 95% Cl 1.00-3.80), prostate (OR = 1.26, 95% Cl 1.13-1.41) and brain (OR = 1.34, 95% Cl 1.04-1.74). Decreased risks were observed for cancer of the larynx (OR = 0.66, 95% Cl 0.45-0.96), lung (OR = 0.70, 95% Cl 0.63-0.77) and testis (OR = 0.58, 95% Cl 0.39-0.88). Livestock farmers had a relatively high risk for brain cancer, while the risk for cancer of the lip was highest among dairy farmers. Farmers also had increased risks for cancer of the lymphatic and haematopoietic system (International Classification of Disease 9th edn (ICD) 200-208) (OR = 1.24, 95% Cl 1.08-1.42), leukaemia (OR = 1.24, 95% Cl 0.99-1.55) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (OR = 1.24, 95% Cl 0.99-1.56), as described previously.
 ...
PMID:Cancer risks in New Zealand farmers. 262 Oct 12


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>