Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q06643 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)
 11,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 71-year-old woman developed branch retinal artery obstruction as the presenting manifestation of a large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Multifocal chorioretinal scars were present in the same eye. She experienced progressive visual loss accompanied by development of multiple yellow retinal arterial wall plaques, extension of retinal opacification into other quadrants, and increasing vitreous cellular infiltration. Clinical diagnoses included branch retinal arterial obstruction caused by toxoplasmosis retinitis, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis simulating the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, vitiliginous chorioretinitis, and the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Four months after onset, the right eye was blind and was enucleated. Histopathologic examination revealed extensive lymphomatous infiltration and necrosis of the retina and optic nerve. The retinal arteries were partly obstructed by lymphomatous infiltration and atheromas. Subsequently, the left eye and central nervous system were involved by lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:Retinal artery obstruction and atheromas associated with non-Hodgkin's large cell lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma). 186 59

Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently develop hepatic dysfunction. Although hepatic injury may indirectly result from malnutrition, hypotension, administered medications, sepsis, or other conditions, the hepatic injury is frequently due to opportunistic hepatic infection, directly related to AIDS. Infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare typically occurs in patients with advanced immunocompromise and with systemic symptoms due to widely disseminated infection. In contrast, hepatic tuberculosis often occurs with less advanced immunocompromise. Cytomegaloviral infection may produce a hepatitis. Cytomegaloviral and cryptosporidial infections have been implicated as causes of acalculous cholecystitis and of a secondary sclerosing cholangitis. About 10-20% of patients with AIDS have chronic hepatitis B infection. These patients tend to develop minimal hepatic inflammation and necrosis. The clinical findings in patients with hepatic cryptococcal infection are usually due to concomitant extrahepatic infection. Hepatic histoplasmosis usually develops as part of a widely disseminated infection with systemic symptoms. Hepatic involvement by Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely documented ante mortem because an unguided liver biopsy is an insensitive diagnostic procedure. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver typically have lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and systemic symptoms. As a pragmatic approach, patients with liver dysfunction and HIV-related disease should have a sonographic or computerized tomographic examination of the liver. Patients with dilated bile ducts should undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography because opportunistic infection may produce biliary obstruction. Patients with a focal hepatic lesion should be considered for a guided liver biopsy. Patients with a significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level should be considered for a percutaneous liver biopsy. When performed for these indications, liver biopsy will demonstrate a significant disease involving the liver in about 50% of patients with AIDS and in about 25% of patients who are HIV seropositive but who are not known to have AIDS. The clinical impact of a diagnostic biopsy is blunted by a lack of efficacious therapy for many opportunistic infections.
 ...
PMID:Hepatobiliary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 198 33

The Conference of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) approved the following definitions regarding the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at its annual meeting in June 1985. 1st, the case definition of AIDS used for national reporting will continue to include only the more severe manifestations of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. 2nd, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) will develop more inclusive definitions and classifications of HTLV-III infection for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, as well as for epidemiologic studies and special surveys. 3rd, a number of refinements will be adopted in the case definition of AIDS used for national reporting. In the absense of the opportunistic diseases required by the current case definition, disseminated histoplasmosis, isosporiasis, bronchial or pulmonary candidiasis, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade pathologic type, and histologically confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma in patients 60 years or over will be considered indicative of AIDS if the patient has a positive serologic or virologic test for HTLV-III. Also, in the absence of the required opportunistic diseases, a histologically confirmed diagnosis of chronic lymphoid insterstitial pneumonitis in a child under 3 years of age will be considered indicative of AIDS unless HTLV-III antibody tests are negative. Patients who have a lymphoreticular malignancy diagnosed more than 3 months after the diagnosis of an opportunistic disease used as a marker for AIDS will no longer be excluded as AIDS cases. Finally, to increase the specificity of the case definition, patients will be excluded as AIDS cases if they have a negative result on testing for serum antibody to HTLV-III, have no other test for HTLV-III with a positive result, and do not have a low number of T-helper lymphocytes or a low T4:T8 ratio.
 ...
PMID:Revision of the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for national reporting--United States. 298 77

This work, intended primarily for dentists, provides detailed information on the mechanism of action of the AIDS virus, its epidemiology and most common routes of infection, the clinical manifestations of HIV infection, and related oral lesions of relevance to the dentist. The work also recommends ways in which dentists can aid in diagnosis, avoid contaminating patients, and avoid being infected themselves by seropositive patients. The article begins by describing retroviruses and their mode of action and then focuses on the pathogenic mechanism of the HIV virus, which preferentially attacks T4 helper lymphocytes. The lymphocytes are destroyed by the viruses multiplying in their interiors. The decline in the number of T4 lymphocytes results in diminished capacity of the immune system to respond, favoring in turn the appearance of certain tumors and opportunistic infections that eventually prove fatal. The virus may also affect cells of the central nervous system, producing dementia and other disorders. Although AIDS was initially observed primarily in male homosexuals and drug addicts in the US and Europe, it has had a relatively even sex ratio in Africa, where few victims have been homosexuals or drug addicts. The virus is now found in most of the world's countries and is known to be spread primarily through sexual contact. Other routes of transmission are by contaminated hypodermic needles, prenatal infection, and infected blood transfusions. There is still no good evidence that saliva can be a route of contamination. Lesions of the oral cavity that indicate immune deficiency include Candidiasis, gingivostomatitis, necrosing ulcer, Histoplasmosis, Herpes simplex, papillomas and condylomas, Leukoplasia vellosa, Kaposi's sarcoma, some cancers, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. European and American studies indicate that 75% of AIDS patients have oral or oral-esophageal candidiasis, which can occur in 3 forms. Most of these oral manifestations are very rare in the general population. The dentist should wear protective clothing to prevent direct transmission and should carefully discard or disinfect used materials and supplies. Tools and the work area should be carefully decontaminated after each patient is seen.
 ...
PMID:[Human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. 333 54

Four patients were diagnosed with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (RHPS) during a 7 month period. Of these, three patients were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated by disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, incompletely treated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and disseminated histoplasmosis respectively. The fourth patient had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mature T-cell phenotype. Fever, bicytopenia, or pancytopenia, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (> 1,000 IU/L), and hemophagocytic histiocytosis in smears of bone marrow aspirate were present in all patients. Hyperferritinemia (> 10,000 ng/ml) was present in all (range 34,976 to 425,984 ng/mL) and showed a decrease in the two patients who responded to therapy. Hyperferritinemia (> 10,000 ng/ml) and elevated serum LDH (> 1,000 IU/L) are important clues to the diagnosis of RHPS in the febrile cytopenic patient with immunodeficiency.
 ...
PMID:Hyperferritinemia in reactive hemophagocytic syndrome report of four adult cases. 760 19

The differential diagnosis of cavitary pulmonary lesions in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is broad, especially in patients with advanced disease. In patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cavitation is an uncommon manifestation of a common disease. It is unusual in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis but occurs frequently in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, cavities are more common during earlier stages of HIV disease, when cellular immunity is relatively preserved. Mycobacterium avium complex is an uncommon cause of lung disease and infrequently produces cavities. However, Mycobacterium kansasii, is often associated with cavitation. Cavities can complicate any bacterial pneumonia and are especially common with pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nocardia asteroides, and Rhodococcus equi. Noninfectious causes of cavitary lesions are rare, but cavitary lesions caused by pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been reported. Because of the broad differential diagnosis and because most cavities are caused by treatable opportunistic infections, a definitive diagnosis is essential.
 ...
PMID:Cavitary pulmonary lesions in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 872 7

The histopathologic findings on 121 excised enlarged lymph nodes from 48 female and 73 male Nigerian children resident in Ife-Ijesa zone of Western Nigeria over a period of ten years (1982-1991) form the basis of this study. Patients' ages ranged from 2 months to 15 years. Most of the patients (81%) were aged 6 years and above. The cervical region was the commonest site of lymphadenopathy (48%) and localized lymphadenopathy was the rule. Chronic specific inflammation (tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, and histoplasmosis) predominated as a cause of lymphadenopathy (44%) compared with non specific lymphadenitis (31%) and malignant tumours (24%). Tuberculosis was the commonest cause of chronic specific lymphadenitis and was commoner in girls. The cervical region was the commonest site for chronic specific lymphadenitis, as well as Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The lymphomas were more common in males. The peak incidence for Hodgkin's disease was between the ages of 12 and 15 years.
 ...
PMID:Lymphadenopathy in Nigerian children. 885 72

To assess which factors are associated with the CD4+ lymphocyte count at the time of AIDS diagnosis we studied 3046 patients in the AIDS IN EUROPE study who were diagnosed with AIDS in 1 of 17 European countries between 1979 and 1989 and for whom the CD4 count at AIDS diagnosis was known. Data were extracted retrospectively from patient case notes, using a standardized form. There was a wide range of average CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AID diagnosis, according to which diseases were present at diagnosis. The highest geometric mean CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AIDS diagnosis were associated with the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma while the lowest counts were found when histoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis were present. There were no appreciable differences between CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AIDS in patients according to the three major transmission route categories (sex, age, or region of diagnosis) but there was a marked trend (p < 0.005) toward lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AIDS diagnosis in more recent years. These associations remained largely unchanged after adjustment for other factors.
 ...
PMID:Factors associated with the CD4+ lymphocyte count at diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The AIDS IN EUROPE Study Group. 889 93

The medical records of patients with AIDS admitted to a general hospital in Brazil from 1989 to 1997 were reviewed retrospectively with the aim at defining the frequency and etiology of fever of undetermined origin (FUO) in HIV-infected patients of a tropical country and to evaluate the usefulness of the main diagnostic procedures. 188 (58.4%) out of 322 patients reported fever at admission to hospital and 55 (17.1%) had FUO. Those with FUO had a mean CD4+ cell count of 98/ml. A cause of fever was identified for 45 patients (81.8%). Tuberculosis (32.7%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (10.9%), and Mycobacterium avium complex (9.1%) were the most frequent diagnoses. Other infectious diseases are also of note, such as cryptococcal meningitis (5.5%), sinusitis (3.6%), Salmonella-S. mansoni association (3.6%), disseminated histoplasmosis (3.6%), neurosyphilis (1.8%), and isosporiasis (1.8%). Four patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (7.3%). We conclude that an initial aggressive diagnostic approach should be always considered because biopsies (lymph node, liver and bone marrow) produced the highest yield in the diagnosis of FUO and the majority of the diagnosed diseases are treatable. The association of diseases is common and have contributed to delay the final diagnosis of FUO in most cases. In our study area the routine request of hemocultures for Salmonella infection and the investigation of cryptococcal antigen in the serum should be considered.
 ...
PMID:Fever of undetermined origin in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Brazil: report on 55 cases. 1043 67

Fungal infection of the thyroid is rare. Most reported cases have involved Aspergillus, Coccidioides, and Candida species in the setting of disseminated disease. Infection of the thyroid with Histoplasma capsulatum is rarely reported as part of disseminated disease, even in geographic areas where histoplasmosis is endemic. We report a 52-year-old woman with a previous Hashimoto's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which a diffuse enlarged thyroid gland with a large nodule was the only apparent locus of histoplasmosis. Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid was an important diagnostic tool in establishing the diagnosis of histoplasmosis of the thyroid. The patient was initially treated with itraconazole (400 mg/day) for the fungal infection and six cycles of chemotherapy for the lymphoma. At a 6-month follow-up examination, the patient was doing well on suppressive therapy of itraconazole (200 mg/day), with no symptoms and with regression of the thyroid nodule and cervical adenopathy.
 ...
PMID:Histoplasmosis of the thyroid. 1101 30


1 2 Next >>