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Query: UNIPROT:Q06643 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)
 11,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the course of the infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we frequently observe disorders of the mucous membranes and, occasionally, they present the first manifestation of HIV-induced immunodeficiency. Like in other organs, opportunistic infections and malignant tumors prevail as a result of the impaired immune system. Opportunistic infections are characterized by frequency (candidiasis), aggressive expansion, persistence, frequent recurrences, and resistance to therapy (gingivitis, parodontitis, herpes simplex, warts). Oral hairy leucoplakia is considered a specific lesion of HIV infection. Malignant tumors, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, may cause marked morbidity in AIDS patients; occasionally, the clinical picture of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rather uncharacteristic. Other manifestations on the mucous membranes may arise in association with systemic reactions, such as drug eruptions, thrombocytopenic purpura, or acute HIV infection. The etiology of still other lesions of the mucous membranes (e.g. chronic recurrent ulcers, xerostomia, disorders of pigmentation) is incompletely understood. The awareness of these disorders of the mucous membranes in HIV infection is of diagnostic, therapeutic and epidemiological importance.
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PMID:[AIDS--mucous membrane manifestations]. 220 62

Twenty-four children with superior vena cava obstruction at initial presentation or associated with disease recurrence were treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital from 1973 to 1988. Of the 16 patients with superior vena cava syndrome at presentation, eight had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, four had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, two had Hodgkin's disease, one had neuroblastoma, and one had a yolk sac tumor. Their clinical condition at presentation was often critical and required rapid treatment. In all cases, histopathologic diagnosis was obtained without complication by either bone marrow aspiration, lymph node biopsy, thoracentesis, or thoracotomy prior to the initiation of definitive therapy. Eight children had superior vena cava syndrome as a late complication during the course of their therapy. None had an antecedent history of superior vena cava obstruction. In contrast to the patients with superior vena cava obstruction at presentation, this group was composed predominantly of patients with recurrent solid tumors. Other causes included disseminated candidiasis and superior vena cava thrombosis, thus underscoring the importance of recognizing the etiology of superior vena cava syndrome to facilitate proper treatment.
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PMID:Superior vena cava syndrome associated with childhood malignancy: analysis of 24 cases. 223 19

The Conference of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) approved the following definitions regarding the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at its annual meeting in June 1985. 1st, the case definition of AIDS used for national reporting will continue to include only the more severe manifestations of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. 2nd, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) will develop more inclusive definitions and classifications of HTLV-III infection for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, as well as for epidemiologic studies and special surveys. 3rd, a number of refinements will be adopted in the case definition of AIDS used for national reporting. In the absense of the opportunistic diseases required by the current case definition, disseminated histoplasmosis, isosporiasis, bronchial or pulmonary candidiasis, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade pathologic type, and histologically confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma in patients 60 years or over will be considered indicative of AIDS if the patient has a positive serologic or virologic test for HTLV-III. Also, in the absence of the required opportunistic diseases, a histologically confirmed diagnosis of chronic lymphoid insterstitial pneumonitis in a child under 3 years of age will be considered indicative of AIDS unless HTLV-III antibody tests are negative. Patients who have a lymphoreticular malignancy diagnosed more than 3 months after the diagnosis of an opportunistic disease used as a marker for AIDS will no longer be excluded as AIDS cases. Finally, to increase the specificity of the case definition, patients will be excluded as AIDS cases if they have a negative result on testing for serum antibody to HTLV-III, have no other test for HTLV-III with a positive result, and do not have a low number of T-helper lymphocytes or a low T4:T8 ratio.
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PMID:Revision of the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for national reporting--United States. 298 77

This work, intended primarily for dentists, provides detailed information on the mechanism of action of the AIDS virus, its epidemiology and most common routes of infection, the clinical manifestations of HIV infection, and related oral lesions of relevance to the dentist. The work also recommends ways in which dentists can aid in diagnosis, avoid contaminating patients, and avoid being infected themselves by seropositive patients. The article begins by describing retroviruses and their mode of action and then focuses on the pathogenic mechanism of the HIV virus, which preferentially attacks T4 helper lymphocytes. The lymphocytes are destroyed by the viruses multiplying in their interiors. The decline in the number of T4 lymphocytes results in diminished capacity of the immune system to respond, favoring in turn the appearance of certain tumors and opportunistic infections that eventually prove fatal. The virus may also affect cells of the central nervous system, producing dementia and other disorders. Although AIDS was initially observed primarily in male homosexuals and drug addicts in the US and Europe, it has had a relatively even sex ratio in Africa, where few victims have been homosexuals or drug addicts. The virus is now found in most of the world's countries and is known to be spread primarily through sexual contact. Other routes of transmission are by contaminated hypodermic needles, prenatal infection, and infected blood transfusions. There is still no good evidence that saliva can be a route of contamination. Lesions of the oral cavity that indicate immune deficiency include Candidiasis, gingivostomatitis, necrosing ulcer, Histoplasmosis, Herpes simplex, papillomas and condylomas, Leukoplasia vellosa, Kaposi's sarcoma, some cancers, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. European and American studies indicate that 75% of AIDS patients have oral or oral-esophageal candidiasis, which can occur in 3 forms. Most of these oral manifestations are very rare in the general population. The dentist should wear protective clothing to prevent direct transmission and should carefully discard or disinfect used materials and supplies. Tools and the work area should be carefully decontaminated after each patient is seen.
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PMID:[Human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. 333 54

Immunologic abnormalities resembling those seen in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are frequently observed in multitransfused but otherwise healthy individuals with hemophilia. To determine whether there was clinical or laboratory evidence to suggest an abnormality of immunoregulation in persons with hemophilia before the recognition of AIDS, we examined data collected by the Hemophilia Study Group from 1975 to 1979 on 1,551 patients with factor VIII deficiency. The prevalence of lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in patients over 5 years of age on entry was found to be 9.3% (94/1,013) and 5.0% (26/518), respectively. These rates were significantly different from a normal population (P less than .00001 and less than .0003). No cases meeting the definition of AIDS were noted during the study. However, on follow-up in 1984 of a cohort of 79 patients with thrombocytopenia or lymphocytopenia on two or more occasions during the study, eight patients (10%) with AIDS-related abnormalities, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, generalized lymphadenopathy, and oral moniliasis without obvious cause were identified. Of the 79 patients, liver disease accounted for five of the ten deaths (12.6% mortality) observed during a minimum follow-up of five years after detection of cytopenia. Only one death was attributed to bleeding in the absence of liver disease. We conclude that (a) the frequency of lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia was increased in multitransfused factor VIII-deficient hemophiliacs before the advent of AIDS, and (b) persistent lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia appear to be strongly associated with liver disease, which was the leading cause of death in a cohort of hemophiliacs followed five or more years.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of hemophiliacs with lymphocytopenia or thrombocytopenia. 406 24

A patient suffering from leukemic transformation of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed fatal disseminated candidiasis caused by a sucrose-negative variant of Candida tropicalis. The results of histopathological tests showed massive tissue invasion in many organs. The course of infection and the tissue morphology of the etiological agent were indistinguishable from those of C. albicans and typical C. tropicalis strains.
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PMID:Disseminated candidiasis caused by a sucrose-negative variant of Candida tropicalis. 649 Aug 14

High-dose chemotherapy, especially for bone marrow transplantation, causes a great degree of immunosuppression, and thus carries the risk for invasive fungal infections. Although hepatic and splenic involvement in disseminated candidiasis is frequent, involvement of these organs is rarely appreciated antemortem. During the last decade, focal hepatosplenic candidiasis has been recognized increasingly by ultrasound. We report the sonographic and clinical findings of 6 patients: 3 AML (acute myeloid leukemia), 2 NHL (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), and 1 HD (Hodgkin's disease) who demonstrated multiple, small-nodule, hypoechoic lesions in spleen and/or liver after high-dose chemotherapy. All patients were in complete hematologic remission when the study was performed. Septic fever was unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Granulocytopenia (< or = 1000/mm3) was seen for at least 10 days. However, the manifestation of hepatolienal microabscesses became apparent by ultrasound only after the neutrophil count returned to normal in all but 1 patient. Microabscesses decreased or disappeared on follow-up examination after antifungal treatment. Systemic candida infection was confirmed serologically. Sonographic-guided abscess biopsy (n = 3) revealed necrosis/abscess. Structural inhomogeneity of parenchymal organs was seen for several months after therapy.
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PMID:Ultrasound evaluation of hepatic and splenic microabscesses in the immunocompromised patient: sonographic patterns, differential diagnosis, and follow-up. 780 59

To identify how the spectrum of head and neck complications of HIV disease has altered over the 7-year period between 1984 and 1991, a prospective collection of data on 429 HIV-positive subjects referred since 1984 was undertaken. Information was grouped into three study periods by date of presentation for analysis of trends. There has been a trend towards increased heterosexual acquisition (P < 0.02) and a decrease over time in the proportion of patients presenting with AIDS, as a proportion of HIV-positive patients (20/31 1983-1984; 90/179 1989-1991: P < 0.001). While the occurrence of mucosal candidiasis (P < 0.0001) and Kaposi's sarcoma (P < 0.05) has decreased that of rhinosinusitis (P < 0.0001) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (P < 0.05) has increased. Cervical lymphadenopathy has shown a significant decline (P < 0.05), but other conditions have been relatively constant. Otolaryngologists should be aware of current emphasis in the head and neck manifestations of HIV infection, which have important implications for diagnosis and management.
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PMID:Changing patterns of HIV infection in otolaryngology. 789 76

The goals of this study were to compare the prevalence of oral lesions in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-negative women, and to determine the association of oral lesions with route of HIV transmission and with level of immunosuppression in infected women. As part of a prospective 4-year study, oral examinations and blood tests were performed, at 6-month intervals, on 176 HIV-infected women and on 117 HIV-negative women at risk for HIV infection. We evaluated participants for the following oral conditions: hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, ulcers, warts, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and parotid enlargement. As previously reported in men, the prevalence of oral lesions was significantly higher among HIV-infected (22%) than HIV-negative women (3%) [odds ratio (OR) = 8.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 23.5], particularly candidiasis (14%) and hairy leukoplakia (10%). Among HIV-infected women with CD4 cell count nadir > or = 200 cells/microliters, the prevalence of hairy leukoplakia was higher among those infected heterosexually than among injection drug users (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.5; 19). The OR for the association between oral lesions and CD4 cell count nadir (< 200 vs. > 500 cells/microliters) was 8.9 (95% CI: 2.6, 30), indicating a strong positive association with level of immunosuppression.
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PMID:HIV-related oral manifestations in two cohorts of women in San Francisco. 791 33

A consensus has been reached on the classification of the oral manifestations of HIV infection and their diagnostic criteria, based on presumptive and definitive criteria. The former relate to the initial clinical appearance of the lesion and the latter are often the result of special investigations. Candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, specific forms of periodontal disease [linear gingival erythema, necrotising-(ulcerative) gingivitis and necrotising(ulcerative) periodontitis], Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are strongly associated with HIV infection. Lesions less commonly associated with HIV infection and lesions seen in HIV infection, but not indicative of the disease, are also listed.
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PMID:Classification and diagnostic criteria for oral lesions in HIV infection. EC-Clearinghouse on Oral Problems Related to HIV Infection and WHO Collaborating Centre on Oral Manifestations of the Immunodeficiency Virus. 822 64


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