Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P80404 (GABA transaminase)
 786 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+) and gamma-vinyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (gamma-vinyl GABA) are drugs demonstrated to alter catecholamine or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in vertebrate nervous tissue. MPTP and MPP+, which are potent and selective vertebrate neurotoxins, are effective in depleting noradrenaline and dopamine concentrations in goldfish. However, only MPP+ depletes dopamine in the central nervous tissues of the cockroach, and only when injected directly into the nervous tissue. Systemic injection of gamma-vinyl GABA, a selective GABA transaminase inhibitor in vertebrates, increases GABA concentrations in goldfish but not cockroach nervous tissue. Incubations of both goldfish hypothalamus and cockroach nervous tissue demonstrated the presence of GABA transaminase activity in vitro. However, the GABA transaminase activity obtained from goldfish tissues was much more sensitive to inhibition by gamma-vinyl GABA than that obtained from cockroach nervous tissue. These results demonstrate that MPTP, MPP+ and gamma-vinyl GABA are useful pharmacological tools which can alter neurotransmitter concentrations in a lower vertebrate. Unfortunately, they possess limited effectiveness in the cockroach.
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PMID:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and gamma-vinyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (gamma-vinyl GABA) alter neurotransmitter concentrations in the nervous tissue of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) but not the cockroach (Periplaneta americana). 809 92

The role of catecholamine neuronal input on GABAergic activity in the hypothalamus, telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum was investigated in early recrudescent female goldfish (Carassius auratus). A new quantitative technique was developed and validated, permitting concomitant quantification and correlational analysis of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), GAD67, and GAD3 mRNA levels and in vivo GABA synthesis. Catecholamine depletion was achieved by the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 50 microg/g body weight) and dopamine (DA) depletion verified by HPLC. Endogenous GABA levels were increased by intraperitoneal administration of gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG; 300 microg/g body weight), an inhibitor of the GABA catabolic enzyme GABA transaminase. Treatment with MPTP resulted in a greater than twofold increase in GABA synthesis rate in the optic tectum and telencephalon. The increase in GABA synthesis rate was highly correlated with an increase in GAD67, but not GAD65 or GAD3 mRNA levels. These results suggest that catecholaminergic input exerts inhibitory effects on GABA synthesis rates through the modulation of GAD67 in the optic tectum and telencephalon. Together with previously published observations in rodents and primates, it is suggested that catecholaminergic control of GABA synthesis must have evolved more than 200 million years ago, before the emergence of the teleost fishes.
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PMID:Increased GAD67 mRNA levels are correlated with in vivo GABA synthesis in the MPTP-treated catecholamine-depleted goldfish brain. 1536 87