Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P80404 (GABA transaminase)
 786 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To test the assumption that in the mice cortex the rate of accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) after irreversible inhibition of 4-aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19; GABA-T) represents an index of GABA turnover, we examined whether the reversal of the gabaculine-induced accumulation of GABA elicited by apomorphine was due to a decrease in GABA turnover or to a modulation of the activity of the GABA-T inhibitor. Therefore, we simultaneously measured the action of apomorphine on gabaculine-induced accumulation of GABA and on GABA-T activity. In vitro, apomorphine (3 and 30 microM) did not alter the concentration-dependent inhibition of GABA-T by gabaculine. Ex vivo, apomorphine (2 x 0.5 mg/kg s.c.) markedly decreased (69%) gabaculine-induced (150 mg/kg i.p.) accumulation of GABA. This drug had no direct effect on GABA-T activity, but significantly reduced from 83 to 71% the inhibition of GABA-T by gabaculine. The linear correlation found between GABA levels and GABA-T activity allowed the quantification of the decrease in GABA turnover elicited by apomorphine. The results showed that apomorphine decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) the rate of GABA synthesis from 7.48 to 3.36 micromol GABA/g per h, if the partial reversal of gabaculine-induced inhibition of GABA-T is considered and 2.44 micromol/g per h if not. Apomorphine effect on GABA accumulation is mainly due to a decrease of the rate of GABA synthesis and to a lesser extent to a reversal of the inhibitory activity of gabaculine. Thus, inhibition of GABA-T by gabaculine is a sensitive and reliable method for the estimation of the rate of synthesis.
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PMID:Reversal by apomorphine of the gabaculine-induced GABA accumulation in mouse cortex. 263 Feb 98

Neuropharmacological mechanisms in central regulation of respiration in anesthetized rats were studied in a whole body plethysmographic model. Neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists were administered intracerebroventricularly or locally into the brain and the respiratory pattern was analysed. The four anesthetics: enflurance (E), halothane (H), pentobarbital sodium (P) and urethane (U) were found to have different effects on central respiratory regulation. Respiratory frequency was higher after H and U compared to after E and P. Animals anesthetized with H exhibited a lower inspiratory drive and a slightly depressed sensitivity to CO2. The responses to the neuropeptides substance P and TRH as well as the amino acid neurotransmitter GABA were partly modified after the different forms of anesthesia. Apomorphine (i.c.v) induced a biphasic, haloperidol reversible, respiratory response in H- and U- (but not in E- and P-) anesthetized rats. The initial bradypnoic response might be due to a decreased sensitivity to afferent vagal signals, while the following tachypnoic phase might be elicited by dopaminergic mechanisms at posterior diencephalic and upper midbrain levels (hypoxic, hypercapnic tachypnea). The tachypnoic response was inhibited by a graded exposure to CO2. The effects of different neurotransmitters were further analysed in H-anesthetized animals. GABA and the GABA agonist muscimol exerted a depressant effect on ventilation in contrast to the GABA-like drugs GHBA an baclofen. Exogenous GABA depressed all respiratory parameters studied exept for inspiratory time and was found to affect mainly respiratory timing mechanisms. An increase in endogenous GABA levels induced by the GABA transaminase inhibitor AOAA blunted the respiratory response to CO2 and induced a ventilatory depression similar to that seen after exogenous GABA. A significance correlation between brain stem GABA levels and respiratory duty cycle was found. The tripeptide TRH induced a marked tachypnea due to the extrahypothalamic actions of the peptide. A delay in the response was seen after local injection into the nucleus tractus solitarius and the tachypnea was abolished by CO2 exposure. The ventilatory effects might be elicited by mechanisms similar to those involved in the tachypnoic response to apomorphine. The tachypnea was potentiated by GABA (possibly due to that both agents act on inspiratory off-switch lowering mechanism) and by methylatropine or naloxone (possibly due to secondary pertubation by cholinergic or enkephalinergic mechanisms). A stimulation of ventilation (increase in tidal volume) was seen after substance P (SP) due to an increase in inspiratory drive and o
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PMID:Neuropharmacological aspects of central respiratory regulation. An experimental study in the rat. 620 94

The effects of the DA receptor agonist apomorphine have been studied in the DA cell body rich region of the rat ventral forebrain by measuring the GABA levels after inhibition of the GABA aminotransferase with the help of gamma-l-glutamylhydrazide (GAH). Apomorphine plus GAH resulted in a significant increase of GABA levels compared with treatment with GAH alone. This increase was blocked by prior treatment with a DA receptor blocking agent, pimozide. Apomorphine and pimozide given alone did not modify GABA levels in the ventral midbrain with the doses and time-intervals used. It is therefore suggested that the DA cell body groups in the mesencephalon, especially the A9 and A10 groups, are under the inhibitory influence of GABA neurons which may be involved in the feedback control of ascending DA pathways, particularly the mesolimbic DA neurons [8-10].
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PMID:Effect of apomorphine on the GABA turnover in the DA cell group rich area of the mesencephalon. Evidence for the involvement of an inhibitory gabergic feedback control of the ascending DA neurons. 1960 26