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Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
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Target Concepts:
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Query: UNIPROT:P80098 (
monocyte chemoattractant protein
)
1,800
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
This article focuses on the production of chemokines by resident glial cells of the nervous system. We describe studies in two distinct categories of inflammation within the nervous system: immune-mediated inflammation as seen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or multiple sclerosis (MS) and post-traumatic inflammation. We provide evidence that chemokines play a role in amplifying the inflammatory reaction in EAE (and, probably, MS). In the context of neural trauma, chemokines appear to be primary stimuli for leukocyte recruitment. Strikingly, expression of
monocyte chemoattractant protein
(
MCP
)-1 and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) are largely restricted to astrocytes or other glial cells in these diverse pathological states. The remainder of the review focuses on studies that address the molecular mechanisms which underlie transcriptional regulation of three astrocyte-derived chemokines: MCP-1, IP-10 and
beta-R1
/interferon-gamma-inducible T-cell chemoattractant (I-TAC). Based on these studies, we propose that the complex promoters of these genes are marvelously organized for flexible and efficient response to challenge. In the case of MCP-1, several different stimuli can elicit gene transcription, acting through a conserved mechanism that includes binding of inducible transcription factors and recruitment of the constitutive factor Sp1. For IP-10 and
beta-R1
/I-TAC, it appears that efficient gene transcription occurs only in highly inflammatory circumstances that produce aggregates of simultaneous stimuli. These characteristics, in turn, mirror the expression patterns of the endogenous genes: MCP-1 is expressed under a variety of circumstances, while IP-10 appears primarily during immune-mediated processes that feature exposure of resident neuroglia to high levels of inflammatory cytokines.
...
PMID:Chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation of the nervous system: manifold roles and exquisite regulation. 1113 85
We analyzed the mRNA expression of chemokines in rat lungs following intratracheal instillation of nanomaterials in order to find useful predictive markers of the pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials. Nickel oxide (NiO) and cerium dioxide (CeO
2
) as nanomaterials with high pulmonary toxicity, and titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as nanomaterials with low pulmonary toxicity, were administered into rat lungs (0.8 or 4 mg/kg BW).
C-X-C motif chemokine 5
(
CXCL5
),
C-C motif chemokine 2
(
CCL2
),
C-C motif chemokine 7
(
CCL7
),
C-X-C motif chemokine 10
(
CXCL10
), and
C-X-C motif chemokine 11
(
CXCL11
) were selected using cDNA microarray analysis at one month after instillation of NiO in the high dose group. The mRNA expression of these five genes were evaluated while using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from three days to six months after intratracheal instillation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) results showed a considerable relationship between the pulmonary toxicity ranking of nanomaterials and the expression of
CXCL5
,
CCL2
, and
CCL7
at one week and one month. The expression levels of these three genes also moderately or strongly correlated with inflammation in the lung tissues. Three chemokine genes can be useful as predictive biomarkers for the ranking of the pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials.
...
PMID:Predictive Biomarkers for the Ranking of Pulmonary Toxicity of Nanomaterials. 3307 8
